• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Purpose: Few studies have been done for spinal injuries after skiing and snowboarding accidents. Assuming that the riding patterns of skiing and snowboarding were different, we analyzed the differences between the mechanisms, diagnoses and levels of spinal injuries caused by them. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of spinal hazards associated with skiing and snowboarding in order to educate skiers and snowboarders. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 96 patients who had sustained spinal injuries as a result of skiing and snowboarding accidents from January 2003 to March 2006. We used a questionnaire, radiological studies, history taking, and physical examinations. We analyzed the mechanism of injury, the level of spinal injury, the severity of spinal injury, and the Abbreviated Injury Scale scores (AIS score). We used the t-test and the chi-square test. Results: The skiing and the snowboarding injury group included in 96 patients. The skiing injury group included 30 patients (31.2%), and the snowboarding injury group included the remaining 66 patients (69.8%). The primary mechanism of injury in skiing was collisions and in snowboarding was slip downs (p=0.508). The primary level of spinal injury in skiing and snowboarding was at the L-spine level (p=0.547). The most common athlete ability of the injured person was at the intermediate level (p=0.954). The injured were most commonly at the beginner or the intermediate level (p=0.302). The primary diagnosis of spinal injury in skiing and snowboarding was back spain (p=0.686). The AIS scores did not differed between the two groups (p=0.986). Conclusion: The most common spinal injury after skiing and snowboarding accidents was back sprain. There was no difference in the severity of spinal injury between skiing and snowboarding accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1252-1263
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• 2011

This study examined the current state of snowboarding apparel. We investigated the preferred design, the required functions, and inconvenient factors in snowboard apparel through interviews with snowboard pro-players and questionnaires with functional apparel consumers. The research was conducted as follows. In order to raise problems through interviews with pro-snowboarders and grasp the individual traits of consumers, a survey was conducted with male and female consumers in their 20s-30s who enjoy snowboarding and those who had purchased specialized brand snowboarding apparel more than once. After the survey with consumers, this study set the classification standard for snowboard maniacs according to snowboarding frequency and classified the snowboarders into two groups. Both groups carry MP3 players most frequently in ordinary times and they preferred notable and brilliant colors and partially-used patterns (printed patterns). Through the investigation of the mobile functions that the snowboarders wanted for snowboarding apparel, it was found that the most preferred functions were those of listening to music and photo/video image-taking.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2016

Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used for biomechanics in sports activities and AHRS(Attitude and Heading Reference System) is a more cost effective solution than conventional high-grade IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) that only integrate gyroscopes. In this paper, we attach the AHRS to the snowboard to measure the motion data like Air To Fakie, Caballerial and Free Style. In order to reduce the measurement error, we have adopted the sensors equipped with Kalman filtering and also used Euler angle to quaternion conversion to reduce the Gimbal-lock effect. We have tested and evaluated the accuracy and execution time of the pattern recognition algorithms like PCA, ICA, LDA, SVM to show the recognition possibility of it on the basic motions of Snowboarding from the 9-axis trajectory information which is gathered from AHRS sensor. With the result, PCA, ICA have low accuracy, but SVM have good accuracy to use for recognition of basic motions of Snowboarding.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2008

Purpose: Skiing and snowboarding are becoming increasingly popular. Accordingly, the incidences of injuries among skiers and snowboarders are also increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury patterns of and the contributing factors to head injuries of skiers and snowboarders and to evaluate the differences in characteristics between skiing and snowboarding head injuries. Methods: One-hundred patients who visited the emergency department of Wonju Christian Hospital between January 2005 and March 2007 due to head injuries from skiing and snowboarding were enrolled. The mechanisms and the histories of the injuries were investigated by surveying the patients, and the degrees of head injuries were estimated by using brain CT and the Glasgow Coma Scale. The degrees and the characteristics of brain injuries were also analyzed and compared between skiers and snowboarders. Results: Out of 100 patients, 39 were injured by skiing, and 61 were injured by snowboarding. The mean age of the skiers was $26.7{\pm}10.0$, and that of the snowboarders was $26.7{\pm}6.2$. The percentage of male skiers was 43.6%, and that of snowboarders was 63.9%. The most frequent initial chief complaints of head-injured skiers and snowboarders were headache and mental change. The most common mechanism of injuries was a slip down. The mean Abbreviated Injury Scale Score (AIS score) of the skier group was $4.5{\pm}2.1$ and that of the snowboarder group was $5.9{\pm}5.0$ (p=0.222). The percentage of helmet users was 7.1% among skiers and 20.8% among snowboarders (p=0.346). Head injuries were composed of cerebral concussion (92.0%) and intracranial hemorrhage (8.0%). Intracranial hemorrhage was most frequently caused by falling down (62.5%). Conclusion: The most common type of head injury to skiers and snowboarders was cerebral concussion, and severe damage was usually caused by jumping and falling down. No differences in the characteristics of the head injuries existed between skiing and snowboarding injuries.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.497-508
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• 2019

Snowboarder accidents at ski resorts are increasing; therefore, it is essential to wear protective wrist, hip and knee protectors when snowboarding. However, most studies focus on the improvement of gear or expansion of safety facilities with few studies on protectors that directly safeguard the body from accidents caused by tumbling. Protectors currently on the market do not properly consider the needs of the users. Therefore, this study investigates the reality of usage and satisfaction rate of those that use snowboarding protectors along with factors deemed important upon wearing them to provide the grounds for the development of comfortable protectors. Subjects were 1,058 adults in their 20s to 40s. First, a survey was conducted regarding demographic traits as well as the wearing and purchasing of protectors. Second, 325 people that purchased and wore protectors were investigated in regards to the wearing satisfaction rate of current commercial protectors. The results showed that 86% of the 1,058 subjects wore protectors; knee protectors (72%), hip protectors (57%) and wrist protectors (38%). Important factors upon purchasing and wearing satisfaction were studied according to demographic traits, snowboarding experience, and number of snowboard rides for one season. As a result, the damage rate increased along with the number of snowboard rides for one season. Important factors considered when purchasing varied significantly according to sex, age, snowboarding experience, and favored slopes. The results of this study will help in the design of comfortable protectors for snowboarders.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and severity of wrist injuries in snowboarding. Methods: December 2005 to February 2008, Snowboarders who experienced wrist injures were included in this study. On the basis of the medical records and radiographic evaluation, the severity of distal radius fracture was classified according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification. Results: Most of the injured snowboarders were a either of the beginner (35 cases, 46.1%) or the intermediate (27 cases, 35.5%) level. The most common cause of injury in snowboarding was a slip down (60 cases, 78.9%). Comminuted and articular fractures classified as AO types A3, B, and C, which required surgical reduction, made up 42.3% of the distal radial fractures in snowboarders. When we analyzed the differences in severity between the educated and the non-educated groups, an A2 type injury in the AO classification was the most common type of injury in the educated group (20 cases, 38.5%), it means less severe fractures ocurred in the educated group (p=0.045). The most frequent injury mechanism of fractures was slip down (48 cases, 63.2%), and a slip down backwards was the dominant type of slip down (36 cases, 75.0%) (p=0.031). Conclusion: Among the snowboarders in this study who suffered self-down injury to the wrist, more fractures were associated with a backwards slip down than with a forward slip down due to over extension. For educated snowboarders the severity of fracture was lower than it was for uneducated snowboarders.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-24
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• 2004

Snowboarding has become one of the premier alpine sports. The past decade has seen the popularity of snowboarding increase dramatically and the recent Winter Olympic Game showcased the strong visual appeal of the sport and the youth-oriented lifestyle and culture that accompanies it. The injury profile of the sport has also undergone change along with technological advances in boot and binding systems and the changing demographics of the sports participants. Central to the development of injury-prevention strategies is knowledge of the profile of injuries that occur, understanding those who are at particular risk and, if possible, the biomechanical factors involved in each injury type. Snowboarding was initially considered a dangerous, uncontrolled, alpine sport - an opinion based on little or no scientific evidence. That evidence has rapidly grown over the past decade and we now know that snowboard injury rates are no different to those in skiing; however, the injury profile is different. The purpose of this review is to give some perspective to the current snowboard injury literature. It discusses not only the demographic profile of those injured and the type of injuries that occur, but also gives some insight into the progress that has occurred in determining the impact of specific prevention strategies, such as splints to prevent injuries to the wrist/forearm. As the literature indicates, however, some things will not change, e.g. injuries are more likely to occur in beginners and lessons need to be reinforced as a fundamental aspect of any injury-prevention strategy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

This paper proposed visualization tool for motion of snowboarding using Skeleton data obtained by the Microsoft's Kinect sensor. The BBP(Balanced Body Position) posture is a most basic motion in the Snowboarding. This posture is the primary technology for stable turns. The implementation of visualization tool to analyse the BBP posture of snowboard. comparative analysis with standard postures to the ankles, knees, hips and spine angle of joints and body tracking using coordinate information obtained by the Kinect Sensor. Analysis of the final results of the screen through the OpenGL library. This research result could be used to analysis for turn postures of snowboarding.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2024

This study selected 21 domestic prior documents published in domestic KCI sites related to snowboarding after the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics for about five years from 2018 to 2023 and analyzed the characteristics, participation type, research method, and research division, The results are as follows. First, in terms of gender, papers on only men or men and women accounted for the majority, and the ages were distributed in various ways from 20s to 50s. In the case of the number of subjects, papers with less than 50 subjects accounted for the majority. Second, in the form of participation, registered player and ski resort users accounted for the majority, and papers were formed youth player, instructor, and judges in order. Third, Mostly, there are survey and experimental studies for the research methods, and qualitative and integrated studies were analyzed in order. Fourth, sports sociology and biomechanics were mainly used as research divisions, and sports psychology, physiology, sports measurement and evaluation, sports managment, and sports history were analyzed in order.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.510-516
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• 2019

In this paper, a snowboard simulator that measures the user's motion and makes the user feel physical changes and enjoy actual snowboarding was developed. The speed and direction of the snowboard are determined by the user's center of gravity. The developed simulator is equipped with four springs on the snowboard plate, so that the slope can change according to the change in the user's weight center and be felt directly. The slope due to the change in the center of gravity of the user is measured using a three-axis acceleration sensor. The friction of the slope generated by the rotation of the snowboard is made possible by the user using the BLDC motor, and the rotation of the snowboard is measured using the hole sensor. For rapid data processing of the simulator, two MCUs are used to transfer the measured data to the PC using the acceleration sensor and motor separately. The developed simulator can experience slopes and friction of the slope directly, and wear measured data and HMD to enjoy more realistic snowboarding.