• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

From the beginning of aviation history, in-flight smoke/fire events have been a serious issue. As aircraft are getting larger and are becoming more auto-piloted and aircraft systems are getting more complex, it is an increasing risk of in-flight smoke/fire accidents accompanied with fire events. Therefore, we review the statistics of fire/smoke accidents in order to enhance an understanding for risk of in-flight smoke events, and present the certification requirements for smoke per KAS Part 25. In addition, we provide acceptable methods of complying with related requirements, such as smoke detection test, smoke penetration test and smoke evacuation test.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This study conducted Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB), which is a type of field performance evaluation experiment of a zone smoke-control system, at a railway underground transit passage installed with a zone smoke- control system to find problems and improvements for ensuring performance. TAB for the smoke control system was classified into several procedures, such as design data review, duct leakage test, field measurement of the airflow rate, velocity of the fan and duct, and a smoke test. Through the duct leakage test, the system leakage ratio was examined to prove the duct sealing. The iImprovement of the smoke control airflow problems due to the lack of fan static pressure loss was the secured performance. The performance of the smoke control fan was secured by improvements of the smoke control airflow rate problems caused by the loss of static pressure in the intake duct. The smoke test in the smoke control zone confirmed that the damper operating schedule subject was influenced by natural wind or train wind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2018

In this study, we have performed the Cone Calorimeter test and Smoke density test in accordance with ISO 5660-1 and ASTM E662 respectively to check the smoke production characteristics of rubber flooring materials for railway vehicle. Early in the ASTM E662 test, more smoke was produced in the flame mode test than non-flame mode test, but later more smoke was produced in non-flame mode test. The correlation($R^2$) between TSR(Total Smoke Release) by ISO 5660-1 and Ds(Specific Optical Density) by ASTM E662 Flame mode was 0.782. The $R^2$ between TSR by ISO 5660-1 and Ds by ASTM E662 Non-flame was 0.930.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.30-33
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• 1996

This paper presents the technical basis for hot smoke test intended to investigate the effectiveness of smoke ventilation system in both high-rise building and those containing atria and/or galleria. Smoke is particularly serious hazard in these building in which considerable time is required for complete evacuation. It is widely recognised that the effectiveness of large smoke ventilation system can be difficult to confirm by a critical analysis of the system design calculation. Thus a hot smoke test is recently introduced through the experiences of many attempts. Diffusion flames used for hot smoke test have a higher flame length, so that those can not be applied to small compartment. Therefore the objective of this paper is introducing the method of flame control which can be applied to any size of compartment

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop IoT multi-fire detectors combined smoke/carbon monoxide/heat and wireless IoT communication and to confirm the detect performance by smoke generator fire test and cotton wicks fire test. Method: The IoT multi-fire detector combined smoke and CO and combined smoke and heat were experimented the detect performance by smoke generator test and fire test of cotton wicks. And the case of fire alarm was checked. Result: The IoT multi-fire detector combined smoke and CO rung the alarm at the fire test of cotton wicks, did not ring the alarm at the smoke generator test. In comparison, the IoT multi-fire detector combined smoke and heat did not ring the alarm both at the smoke generator test and the fire test of cotton wicks. Conclusion: The IoT multi-fire detector combined smoke and CO detected the only smoke including the carbon monoxide and the IoT multi-fire detector combined smoke and heat did not ring the alarm for lack of heat. As a result, when the developed IoT multi-fire detector was detected the signal more than the set point, the fire alarm was sounded through cotton wicks fire test and smoke generator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Characteristics of smoke emission in light duty diesel vehicles was investigated according to the year of production, engine displacement volume, and mileage. The smoke emission was measured using light extinction smoke measurement method under free acceleration test mode. Total number of the tested vehicles was 180. The year of production of the tested vehicles distributed from 2002 to 2007. The displacement volumes of the tested vehicles were categorized as 2-liter, 2.5-liter, 2.7-liter, and 3-liter. The mileage of the tested vehicles distributed from 20,000 km to 400,000 km. The more recent in the year of production of the tested vehicles did not show clearly lower in smoke emissions. Smoke emission showed different values according to driver's pedal pushing pattern. Also, smoke emission peak for each free acceleration test initially increased and reach a maximum of the peak values. Afterwards, the smoke peak gradually decreased as number of test increased. A new guide line was proposed to determine the smoke value from the light duty diesel vehicles based on smoke emission peak patterns which were obtained with several repeated free acceleration tests.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.94-102
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• 2011

Hot smoke test is done in a subway tunnel. Alcohol trays of 1.0 MW and smoke generators are used for generating hot smoke. The fans equipped with the tunnel are successively run 9 min after smoke generation. It is verified how hot smoke is controlled by fans. Velocity and direction of flow, temperature and smoke density are measured and analyzed for smoke control performance of the tunnel with fans and analyzed from the fire-safety-point of view. Velocity of smoke flow is obtained by using measured velocity and temperature at the ceiling of the tunnel. The time when smoke-control flow is builded up is different for the different positions. Velocity distributions at various positions will be used for the boundaries and the comparison data in numerical simulations for evaluation on smoke-control facilities of subway tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.11-16
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• 2013

This paper presents a study on the analyzing reliability of smoke fire detector using accelerated life test. In general, the smoke fire detector is broken by dust which flow in smoke detection chamber. In order to conduct accelerated life test of smoke fire detector dust is set accelerated factor in this paper. The dust is fly-ash which is test particle 5th regulated by KS A 0090. The dust accelerated level is 60 g, 180 g and 360 g and failure time is measured by smoke sensitivity testing. It is considered to failure of detector if detector don't operate within 30 secconds when subjected to an air stream having a velocity of 20 cm/s~40 cm/s containing smoke with a concentration of 15% of rate of light-response of 1 m. The goodness of fit test and mean life prediction conduct using the failure time. The result show that life distribution fits the weibull distribution for failure time data and the mean lifes calculate 22.5 year in domestic product and 14.7 years in overseas product applied dust stress only.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2013

Smoke emissions from light duty diesel vehicles were measured using light extinction method with the free acceleration test mode. The smoke emissions for each measurement cycle of the free acceleration method showed large variations according to driver's pedal pushing pattern. The smoke values for each measurement cycle initially increased and reach a peak value. Integration of the smoke emissions with time for each measurement cycle was performed to get a representative smoke value which was obtained by averaging the integrated results. Two kinds of integration time range were used. One is range over the whole measurement cycle of the free acceleration method. The other is only the acceleration range in the measurement cycle. Overall, variation of the representative smoke values obtained by the integration method was reduced comparing to the traditional representative smoke value which was obtained from a peak smoke value over the measurement cycle. Ten vehicles of the same model with 2.5 liter diesel engines, and seven vehicles of the same model with 2.7 liter diesel engines, were tested using the free acceleration test method.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.941-946
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• 2005

Kinds of Sound & Thermal Insulator are being used for materials of railroad vehicles as a barrier of beat and noise. Glass Wool, PE foam, PP foam are such kinds of materials. In case of fire, it shows various combustion properties. In this study, we compared the Smoke Density of the Rubber Foam Insulator by test between Cone-Calorimeter and Smoke Density-Chamber. The results showed that the Rubber Foam Insulator had an important role in the insulator thickness and the test method, We forecast the smoke density by test between Cone-Calorimeter and Smoke Density-Chamber.