• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.606-613
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• 2012

In a smart grid environment, data for the usage and control of power are transmitted over an Internet protocol (IP)-based network. This data contains very sensitive information about the user or energy service provider (ESP); hence, measures must be taken to prevent data manipulation. Mutual authentication between devices, which can prevent impersonation attacks by verifying the counterpart's identity, is a necessary process for secure communication. However, it is difficult to apply existing signature-based authentication in a smart grid system because smart meters, a component of such systems, are resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we consider a smart meter and propose an efficient mutual authentication protocol. The proposed protocol uses a matrix-based homomorphic hash that can decrease the amount of computations in a smart meter. To prove this, we analyze the protocol's security and performance.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

This study aims to develop a fully passive smart sensing tag utilizing RF (Radio Frequency) energy harvesting technology at UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band of 915MHz. To optimize the power collected under various radiated conditions, an efficient energy harvesting module exploiting a boost circuit with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed. Specifically, the proposed tag features two orthogonal antennas to enhance its capability of both energy scavenging and data transmissions. The experimental result shows that the developed smart sensor tag can scavenge an RF input power of as low as 0.19mW at a distance of 4 meters for a 3.6Vdc output. Furthermore, the proposed smart sensor tag performs the feasibility of completely autonomous monitoring food freshness at 2 meters with a low-power sensor array.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1012-1019
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• 2014

The emerging smart utility networks (SUN) provide two-way communications between smart meters and smart appliances for purpose of low power usage, low cost, and high reliability. This paper deals with a bandwidth-efficient communication method based on the hidden pilot-aided scheme using a precoder in downlink SUN suitable for high-rate multimedia applications. With the aid of the design of a precoder and a superimposed hidden pilot, it is possible to estimate the channel without loss of bandwidth. In the channel estimation procedure, the inevitable data interference, which degrades the performance of channel estimation, can be reduced by the precoder design with an iterative scheme. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional method in terms of achievable data rate, especially when a large number of subcarriers are employed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is the key to operate a change from the traditional manual reading of water meters and sensors to an automated system where high frequency data is remotely collected and analyzed in real time, one of the main components of a Smart Water Grid. The recent boom of ICT offers a wide range of both wired and wireless technologies to achieve this objective. We review and present in this article the most widely recognized technologies and protocols along with their respective advantages, drawbacks and applicability range which can be Home Area Network (HAN), Building Area Network (BAN) or Local/Neighborhood Area Network (LAN/NAN). We also present our findings and we give recommendations on the application of ICT in Smart Water Grids and future work needed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1493-1515
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• 2015

A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility providers and consumers, managing metering data, delivering anomalies reports, analyzing fault and power quality, simply show that there are huge amount of data exchange in smart metering networks (SMNs). These data are prone to security threats due to high dependability of SMNs on Internet-based communication, which is highly insecure. Therefore, there is a need to identify all possible security threats over this network and propose suitable countermeasures for securing the communication between smart meters and utility provider office. This paper studies the architecture of the smart grid communication networks, focuses on smart metering networks and discusses how such networks can be vulnerable to security attacks. This paper also presents current mechanisms that have been used to secure the smart metering networks from specific type of attacks in SMNs. Moreover, we highlight several open issues related to the security and privacy of SMNs which we anticipate could serve as baseline for future research directions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 2020

As the fourth industrial revolution, in which people, objects, and information are connected as one, various fields such as smart energy, smart cities, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, unmanned cars, and robot industries are becoming the mainstream, drawing attention to big data. Among them, Smart Grid is a technology that maximizes energy efficiency by converging information and communication technologies into the power grid to establish a smart grid that can know electricity usage, supply volume, and power line conditions. Smart meters are equient that monitors and communicates power usage. We start with the goal of building a virtual smart grid and constructing a virtual environment in which real-time data is generated to accommodate large volumes of data that are small in capacity but regularly generated. A major role is given in creating a software/hardware architecture deployment environment suitable for the system for test operations. It is necessary to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the software according to the characteristics of the collected data and select sub-projects suitable for the purpose. The collected data was collected/loaded/processed/analyzed by the Hadoop ecosystem-based big data platform, and used to predict power demand through deep learning.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2013

This paper shows the method for simulating the two-way communication network to transmit information in Smart Grid, which is currently investigated by many researchers. The simulation method can be basically applied to analysis of data traffic for various electric devices such as smart meters, which were tested in Jeju island and massively deployed with nationwide scale.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.1009-1011
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• 2011

With the growth of Smart Grid technologies, security and privacy will become the most important issues and more attention should be paid. There are some existing solutions about anonymization of smart meters, however, they still have some potential threats. In this paper, we describe an enhanced method to protect the privacy of consumer data. When metering data are required by a utility or the electrical energy distribution center for operational reasons, data are delivered not with the real IDs but with temporary IDs. In addition, these temporary IDs are changed randomly to prevent the attackers from analyzing the energy usage patterns. We also describe secure data transmission method for securing data delivered. In this way, we can enhance the privacy of Smart Grid System with low overhead.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2010

Electronic watt hour meters(WHM) for high pressure running in domestic were installed to the digital type meter and ones for low pressure are expected to complete within several years. Domestic power metering technology is being beyond a simple framework with an electronic type and is rapidly evolving to intelligent smart metering systems in conjunction with promotion of a national smart grid project. Major policy outlook of the world's major power company regarding Intelligent metering is the application of the fare structure diversification and is the improvement of level of service to customers. In addition, electric power companies should focus on the cost reduction and the improvement of management efficiency through an efficient operation of distribution facility. In this paper, we are about to make an observation of the additional services technology development trend of the overseas smart meter and to have a view of value-added services(VAS) system of smart meter suitable for the domestic environment based on the technology development of VAS utilizing electronic watt hour meter performed by recent research projects.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2021

We constructed an air-lifted seawater propulsion system for decreasing fuel consumption of the ships. The system has a form of pipes which can be easily installed on the sides of the ship. Seawater mixed with air, will rise along within the pipe, and will be discharged downward. If the directions of inlet / outlet of the pipe are designed properly, a propulsive energy can be obtained. We tested the system with a model ship in Jangsa port at Sokcho-city with a water depth of 2.5 meters. The system was supplied regulated air at 6 bars during the 3 tests. The model ship was moving forward at a rate of 0.18 meters per second. In case of large ships equipped zfrom clean energy.