• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2021

Background and objective: Vietnam is prioritizing agricultural production for food export capacity in all national policies. As a result, for three decades, its agriculture has been making quite many remarkable achievements. Methods: The most successful one is that the nation has become one of the world's leading rice exporters and ensures its national food security. Through these endeavors, the Mekong River Delta (MRD), in particular, has emerged as a key region in ensuring national food security and rice export. Results: The new era can now see Vietnamese agriculture turning to place special emphasis on commodity quality and the improvement of the living environment. This is evidenced, for example, by the phenomenon that the MRD, as a rice basket of the whole country, is making moves back to nature-based agriculture with attempts to restore the natural ecology, including preserving and restoring local traditional rice seeds, adopting natural farming practices and minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Conclusion: The case studies of nature-based farming practices in the MRD indicate that, while the national agriculture is generally developing large-scale production, the small-scale farming in the region, integrated with tourist and educational activities on-site, is meeting the demands of a highly potential domestic niche market. Moreover, this model appears to be a sustainable farming approach that defines itself as a working green livelihood for the region.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1602-1610
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• 2005

In this study was investigated and analyzed of damage characteristics for infrastructures by typhoon that have been many occur. The objective Structures were the road and hydraulic structure. The road structure was included the cut-slopes, retaining walls and bridges. The hydraulic structure is divided with the dike, small-scale dam, reservoir and floodgate. The analysis result of the bridge damage cause is river bottom height increase and passage ability decrease. The principal damage reasons of the cut-slope structure are weakening the ground due to the localized torrential downpour and drainage defective. Also, the principal damage reasons of the small-scale dam, reservoir, dike and the floodgate are continuous collapse of dike beside the floodgate.And we divided a typhoon damage occurrence cause with artificial and natural. As the result of analysis, the many damage occurrence cause will be removed by system improvement and technical development.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2016

Although it has been well known that the Saemaul Undong had a direct relation with the water resources development during 1970's, its contribution to the water resources and increased income in rural communities has not been thoroughly quantified so far. In order to assess the contribution of the Saemaul Undong in terms of rural water resources development, we investigated various historical data produced by the central and local governments in relation to water resources development. The results show the direct and indirect contribution of the Saemaul Undong to the water resources development in rural communities such as sewage works, water supply facilities, shared wells, and river works. The results also showed a positive relation between per-house income in rural communities and areas of irrigated paddies, which were rapidly increased during 1970's. These results can be utilized to transplant the positive aspect of the Saemaul Undong to developing countries focusing on water resources development in rural areas.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.506-519
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• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

The research aim is to classify biotope types of rural eco-villages designed by ministry of environment and analyze landscape ecological characteristics of them. This information would provide information on eco-villages' potential and specific needs to improve landscape ecological structure of eco-villages. Two eco-villages, designated by ministry of environment, in Yoocheon-ri and Sanduk-ri were selected and the landscape ecological metrics used in this study were Area, Shannon diversity index, Shape index, Distance index. The results are as follows. 1) There were five biotope types in large-scale classification, 13 biotope types m Sanduk-ri and 9 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in middle-scale classification, 31 biotope types in Sanduk-ri and 24 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in small-scale classification. 2) In the case of area, artificial biotope types, such as artificial forest, agricultural irrigation canal, wet paddy, dry paddy and residential area, covered more than 80% of total area. However, natural biotope types, such as natural forest, river, reservoir, covered just more than 10% of total area. In details, an orchard (26.69%) was the dominant biotope type, followed by artificial forest (19.10%) in Sanduk-ri and the first most abundant biotope type was artificial forest (49.71%), followed by wet paddy (15.95%) in Yoocheon-ri. 3) The result of Shannon diversity index indicated that Sanduk-ri (2.158) had more heterogeneity landscape, rather than Yoocheon-ri (2.051). 4) In the case of shape index, road (13.09) had more complex and irregular shape than either agricultural irrigation canal (3.35) or artificial forest (2.46) in Sanduk-ri. Road (6.52) was also the most irregular biotope shape, followed by river (5.70) and agricultural irrigation canal (4.78) in Yoocheon-ri. 5) Mean Nearest-neighbour Distance (MND) was smallest in wet paddy and dry paddy biotope types in the two study area, suggesting that these biotope types were concentrated within these study areas. From the result, this research suggested information to protect and improve biotopes of eco-villages in the landscape ecological terms. To achieve this improvement plan, there should be strong support by ministry of environment and local governments.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2002

본 연구는 소하천형 호수의 수질개선 및 친환경적 생태공원조성을 위한 퇴적저니 처리방안을 수립하기 위하여 기존에 실시된 기본계획의 타당성 및 퇴적저니의 오염도 등을 검토하고 이를 토대로 최적의 퇴적저니 처리.처분계획을 수립하는데 목적이 있다. 퇴적저니의 정확한 오염도 분석을 위하여 총 9개 지점에 대해 저니층별로 23개소에 대한 퇴적저니를 채취하여 오염도를 분석한 결과 Cu의 경우 4개 시료가 지정폐기물 기준(3mg/L)을 초과하였다. 거의 전 지점의 시료가 농경지에 대한 Cu의 토양오염우려기준(50 mg/kg)을 초과한 것으로 조사되었다 그외 Pb및 Hg은 모두 기준이하로 분석되었다. 퇴적저니의 적정 처리방안을 수립하기 위하여 유기물 및 영양염류 오염도에 따른 퇴적저니의 준설필요성 여부를 국내 팔당호 및 한강하류 적용기준과 일본 동경만 및 요코하마만 적용기준에 의거 검토하고, 또한 중금속 오염도에 따른 퇴적저니의 처리여부를 일본, 미국 및 캐나다 기준을 적용하여 검토한 결과, 유기물 및 영양염류에 대한 오염도는 심각한 수준은 아니었으며, 유해물질에 의한 오염도는 일본기준에는 대부분 만족하나 저서생물에 미치는 악영향을 기준으로 설정된 미국 및 캐나다 기준에 대해서는 모두 중간오염 또는 심한오염에 해당하는 것으로 판정되었다. 그래서 퇴적저니 처리방안을 검토하기 위하여 선진국에서 많이 사용되고 있는 퇴적저니 정화방안중 중금속 안정화에 효과적인 고형화/안정화 방안을 검토한 결과 저니내의 Cu의 용출농도를 줄일 수 있었다. 또한 혼합된 시멘트 고화체는 높은 압축강도를 나타내어 건설용 토사나 제방성토용으로 사용 가능할 것으로 생각되었다. 나타내는 결과이다. 특별히 토양내 흡착력이 약하고 지하수내에 쉽게 용해될 수 있으며 독성 및 발암성물질로 알려진 사염화탄소와 같은 염소계 유기화합물의 제거에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.3}$C(PDB)값은 -6.2~0.0$\textperthousand$범위이며, 그 기원은 대수층인 지층내 탄산염암 또는 탄산염 광물의 용해에서 유래한 무기기원 탄소로 해석된다.다.으로 변화하였으며 치료 전에 반응하지 않던 항원에 새롭게 반응하는 항체가 나타나는 경우는 드물었다.ms of chlorophyll-a concentration estimation, however, the accuracy stays very similar compared to that of the CZCS-type algorithm. This is considered to be due to the nature of in-water algorithm which relies on spectral ratio of water-leaving radiances.ethanol의 혈중농도(血中濃度)가 높을수록 더 심(甚)한 혈압강하작용(血壓降下作用)을 나타내며, ethanol 로 인(因)한 이뇨작용(利尿作用)도 ethanol 량(量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 뇨량(尿量)도 증가(增加)함을 보여 주었다.ults showed that the overall quality of Sullungtang significantly decreased as the parity increased for Hanwoo cows. The Sullungtang extracted

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2010

The sewage treatment plants to be built to improve the water quality of the Mankyung River will total 11, of which combined capacity will reach $39,850m^3/day$, and saying in detail, 5 at Gunsan city, 2 at Iksan city, 1 at Kimje city and 3 at Wanju gun, The scenario for water quality improvement was developed, considering the conditions of plant operation ratio and the accomplishment of the water quality target (BOD 4.4 mg/L, T-P 0.356 mg/L) at the end of the watershed of Mankyung B was predicted, making use of QUAL2E model. As a result of prediction using QUAL2E model based on scenarios with 70% and 100% of operation ratio, respectively, at 11 plants in 2010, the water quality at the watershed of Mankyung B was estimated at 4.322 mg/L which was lower than the target of BOD 4.4 mg/L, indicating the target water quality was achieved, when it comes to 70% of operation ratio, But in case of T-P, it was estimated at 0.565 mg/L, which was higher than the target. When it comes to 100% of operation ratio, T-P also was 0.563 mg/L which exceeded the target, 0.356 mg/L. As indicated above, the effect of water quality improvement appeared very insignificant, which was attributable to the limit of small scale sewage treatment plant in total reduction capacity. Hence, the measures for additional reduction in a bid to achieve the target water quality of T-P at the designated location need to be taken, and the measures to build the Sewage treatment facilities at the place where the pollution is significantly caused by T-P appeared to be required as well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

The biotope network of Susung gu is characterized as dense residence zones forming its core that enable partial biotope in and around the residential zones. First, in district I, it is possible to make these zones connected to the third district. In district II, which is abundant in biotope, it is very important not to continue destoyi9ng the existing biotopes. In the case of district III, old residence zones have fill the severe gap between forests and the Sinchun river, through redevelopment, which covers more than 30% of the biotope area with large scaled linear residence areas. In the case of district IV, limited destruction of biotope and the improvement of nature areas were suggested as the alternative for preservation of biotopes. Consequently, in the construction of the biotope network in Su-sung gu, the maintenance of existing biotopes is required. Int he old residence zones, as redevelopment occurs, by maintaining biotope area of more than 30% and making the scale of residential complexes more than 1ha, it is possible for old residence zones to accomplish the role of providing important green spaces. In the case of newly developed residential zones, by reducing the rate of pavement of traffic conducts, utilizing small sized parks at the junctions and the plantation of trees along the corridors, the entire residence zones are able to accomplish the role of providing important green space. The problem houses and connecting the inner green space of the private houses with the green spaces of the streets in some areas. Futhermore, green spaces of forests must not be used for urban development. Dual planting on sidewalks, planting plots dispersed among streets and median strips must be established on road, too.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

농업지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질은 타 지역에 비해 넓은 면적에서 배출되기 때문에 수질관리를 위해서는 발생원 제어와 배출수 관리와 같은 다양한 오염원 저감대책이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 유역특성을 고려한 오염원별 배출량 및 최적관리방안에 따른 수질개선 효과를 정량적으로 파악할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN(HSPF)모델을 활용하여 유역내 오염원별 부하 및 주요 오염원저감방안에 대한 수질개선효과를 분석하여 농업지역의 비점오염관리대책 수립 지원을 목적으로 하였다. 연구지역은 경남 창녕군 계성천 유역으로 전체 면적대비 농업지역이 약 26.13%로 산림을 제외하고 지배적인 토지이용을 가지며, 주요 오염원은 농업활동에 기인하는 화학비료 및 액비살포와 축사에서 발생하여 야적 또는 농지에 살포되는 축분을 포함하고 있다. 계성천 유역에 대한 HSPF 모델 구축시 화학비료와 액비 사용량, 소규모 축사의 축분 발생량과 공공하수처리장, 분뇨처리장, 마을하수도 및 개인오수처리시설 등 점오염원 영향을 고려하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 영양염류의 식생흡수, 침적, 흡탈착, 깊은침투에 의한 손실 등 상세 순환기작모의가 가능하도록 NITR 및 PHOS모듈을 활용하였다. 구축된 모델은 유역말단의 2015~2020년 측정값을 토대로 보·검정을 수행하였으며 모델이 유량 및 수질을 적절히 모의하는 것을 확인하였다. 오염저감시나리오는 농업비점관리(배수물꼬관리, 완효성비료와 사용), 축산비점관리(액비저감, 소규모 축사 축분관리), 생활계오염원제어(개인오수처리시설 관리) 등 세 부문으로 구분하고, 달성기간에 따라 단기, 중기, 및 장기로 구분하여 부문별로 단계별 저감대책을 구성하였다. 개별시나리오 모의 결과 수질개선에 효과는 완효성비료의 대체사용>배수물꼬관리>소규모축사 축분관리 순으로 나타났다. 유역 전반에 모든 관리방안을 적용하였을 때 장기적으로 TN, TP의 연간부하량은 각각 40.6%, 41.1%, 연평균 농도는 각각 35.1%, 29.2% 감소되는 효과를 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 농업활동 우세 유역에서의 다양한 오염원 저감시나리오별 수질개선효과에 대한 예측 및 이에 기반한 오염관리대책 우선순위 도출을 위한 합리적인 방법론을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.999-1009
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• 2022

춘천 물로리 지역은 지방상수도가 보급되지 않은 물복지 소외지역으로 복류수 및 지하수를 수원으로 하는 소규모 급수시설로 마을에 물을 공급하고 있다. 가뭄시 물부족 문제를 해결하고 증가하는 물수요에 대비하기 위해 계곡에 연하여 샌드댐을 설치하였으며, 2022년 5월부터 이 시설을 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 과거 가뭄시 샌드댐이 있을 경우의 물공급 신뢰도를 평가하기 위해 MODFLOW모형을 이용한 지하수유출량 모의결과를 활용하여 미계측 기간인 2011년부터 2020년까지의 유입량 자료를 생성하였다. 기존 취수원과 샌드댐이 위치한 곳의 상류부 유역에 대해 SWAT-K 유역수문모델링을 수행하여 지하수유출량을 산정하고, 2021년 월별 지하수유출량에 대한 그 이전 10년 동안의 각 월별 지하수유출량의 상대적 비율을 구한 후 2021년 유입량 시계열 자료에 이 비율을 적용하여 2011년부터 2020년까지의 과거 유입량 자료를 생성하였다. 수요량 20 m³/일, 50 m³/일, 100 m³/일 세 가지 경우에 대해 과거 극한 가뭄시의 물공급 가능여부를 분석한 결과, 샌드댐 설치로 물공급 신뢰도가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있으며, 수요량 100 m³/일인 경우에는 기존 취수원과 샌드댐을 연계 운영해야만 신뢰도 90%를 넘는 것으로 분석되었다. 세 가지 운영조건 모두 물공급 신뢰도 95%를 기준으로는 수요량 50 m³/일 이상, 신뢰도 99%를 기준으로는 수요량 30 m³/일 이상을 만족하는 것으로 평가되었다.