• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 1990

A 98 d feeding trial carried out to study liveweight change and rumen metabolites in heifers weighing initially 275 kg and given either untreated or ammoniated rice straw supplemented with 0, 0.4, 0.8 or 1.2 kg protein meal consisting of cottonseed meal (60). All 32 animals received 0.6 kg rice polishings/hd/d and had continuous access to molasses/urea block-licks containing 15% urea. The effects on growth rates of treatment of the straw with ammonia and of supplementation with bypass protein were additive. The heifers fed ammoniated straw grew 267 g/hd/d (p<0.001) faster and consumed 11% (p<0.05) more straw than the heifers on untreated straw. The mean growth response to bypass protein was 0.37 kg gain/kg protein meal supplied. Supplementation with protein meal tended (p=0.06) to depress intake of straw, but straw intakes of the unsupplemented groups were high. Small changes in the composition of the block-licks that were fed throughout the feeding trial led to changes in block intake and in intake of untreated straw. Increasing quantities of protein meal fed were associated with linear increase in concentrations of ammonia (p<0.05) and in molar percentages of iso-butyrate (p<0.01), iso-valerate (p<0.01) and valerate (p<0.01) in the rumen fluid of the heifers on a basal diet of untreated straw. However, in the rumen fluid of the heifers given ammoniated straw, the levels of these metabolities were not affected by the quantity of protein meal given.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2005-2011
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• 2012

Nopp140 is a highly phosphorylated protein that resides in the nucleolus of mammalian cell and is involved in the biogenesis of the nucleolus. It interacts with a variety of proteins related to the synthesis and assembly of the ribosome. It also can bind to a ubiquitous protein kinase CK2 that mediates cell growth and prevents apoptosis. We found that Nopp140 is an intrinsically unfolded protein (IUP) lacking stable secondary structures over its entire sequence of 709 residues. We discovered that mitoxantrone, an anticancer agent, was able to enhance the interaction between Nopp140 and CK2 and maintain suppressed activity of CK2. Surface plasma resonance studies on different domains of Nopp140 show that the C-terminal region of Nopp140 is responsible for binding with mitoxantrone. Our results present an interesting example where a small chemical compound binds to an intrinsically unfolded protein (IUP) and enhances protein-protein interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1978

Muscle fillets of flounder, Limanda herzensteini, were sliced into small pieces and dehydrated by the methods of sun drying, hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying, and evaluated for the protein quality by the method of shortened pepsin pancreatin digest residue (SPPDR) index which is the modified method of shortened pepsin digest residue index. In the analysis of the muscle protein hydrolysates, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine comprised about 39% of the total amino acids of the protein. The content of pure protein in flounder muscle was 18.8%. The result of nutritional evaluation of the dried muscle protein by the computation of the SPPDR index showed that the freeze dried flounder muscle protein was superior in the nutritional efficiency to the others, sun dried. The freeze dried flounder muscle protein marked 89 of the SPPDR index number which is quite similar to the muscle protein of terrestrial animal in nutritional quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2021

There is little information on the nutrient intake according to the city size and small town in Korean elderly. This study analyzed the nutritional consumption of older people in metropolitan, middle and small cities, and rural areas according to four income levels. The recent data from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. The final analysis included 4,325 individuals (Male: 1,856, Female: 2,469) over 65 years old. Multivariable regression with a complex sample design was conducted to compare the nutrient intake among the groups. In a comparison within regions, the nutrition status of the elderly in small towns was more vulnerable than metropolitan and middle & small cities. The energy intakes were similar between the groups. The carbohydrate intake of middle & small cities was significantly higher than the other regions. The intake of other nutrients in metropolitan and middle & small cities appeared to be higher than in rural areas. The number of nutrients with statistical significance between low and high-income levels were 19 in metropolitan, 11 in middle & small cities, and 5 in rural areas. Each contribution of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to the total energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level in metropolitan and middle & small cities. On the other hand, in rural areas, only the contribution of protein to energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level. Cities with higher levels of urbanization had more severe nutritional inequality in relation to the income level. There was also nutritional inequality present in rural areas but it was to a lesser extent. Moreover, the generally low level of nutrient intake was problematic in rural areas. These findings could be used as fundamental evidence for developing community nutritional policies for the elderly.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1190-1198
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• 2023

Objective: To our knowledge, there are few studies on the correlation between internal structure of fermented products and nutrient delivery from by-products from coffee processing in the ruminant system. The objective of this project was to use advanced mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopic technique (ATR-FT/IR) to reveal interactive correlation between protein internal structure and ruminant-relevant protein and energy metabolic profiles of by-products from coffee processing affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration. Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, called Saus Burger Pakan, consisting of various microorganisms: cellulolytic, lactic acid, amylolytic, proteolytic, and xylanolytic microbes, for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Protein chemical profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System crude protein and CHO subfractions, and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of protein were evaluated. The attenuated total reflectance-Ft/IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study protein structural features of spectra that were affected by added microorganism fermentation duration. The molecular spectral analyses were carried using OMNIC software. Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included: Amide I area (AIA), Amide II (AIIA) area, Amide I heigh (AIH), Amide II height (AIIH), α-helix height (αH), β-sheet height (βH), AIA to AIIA ratio, AIH to AIIH ratio, and αH to βH ratio. The relationship between protein structure spectral profiles of by-products from coffee processing and protein related metabolic features in ruminant were also investigated. Results: Fermentation decreased rumen degradable protein and increased rumen undegradable protein of by-products from coffee processing (p<0.05), indicating more protein entering from rumen to the small intestine for animal use. The fermentation duration significantly impacted (p<0.05) protein structure spectral features. Fermentation tended to increase (p<0.10) AIA and AIH as well as β-sheet height which all are significantly related to the protein level. Conclusion: Protein structure spectral profiles of by-product form coffee processing could be utilized as potential evaluators to estimate protein related chemical profile and protein metabolic characteristics in ruminant system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8191-8196
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• 2016

Inhibition of EGFR-EGF interactions forms an important therapeutic rationale in treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Established inhibitors have been successful in reducing proliferative processes observed in NSCLC, however patients suffer serious side effects. Considering the narrow therapeutic window of present EGFR inhibitors, the present study centred on identifying high efficacy EGFR inhibitors through structure based virtual screening strategies. Established inhibitors - Afatinib, Dacomitinib, Erlotinib, Lapatinib, Rociletinib formed parent compounds to retrieve similar compounds by linear fingerprint based tanimoto search with a threshold of 90%. The compounds (parents and respective similars) were docked at the EGF binding cleft of EGFR. Patch dock supervised protein-protein interactions were established between EGF and ligand (query and similar) bound and free states of EGFR. Compounds ADS103317, AKOS024836912, AGN-PC-0MXVWT, GNF-Pf-3539, SCHEMBL15205939 were retrieved respectively similar to Afatinib, Dacomitinib, Erlotinib, Lapatinib, Rociletinib. Compound-AGN-PC-0MXVWT akin to Erlotinib showed highest affinity against EGFR amongst all the compounds (parent and similar) assessed in the study. Further, AGN-PC-0MXVWT brought about significant blocking of EGFR-EGF interactions in addition showed appreciable ADMET properties and pharmacophoric features. In the study, we report AGN-PC-0MXVWT to be an efficient and high efficacy inhibitor of EGFR-EGF interactions identified through computational approaches.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are widely distributed, and their function and diversity of structure have been much studied in the field of molecular chaperones. In plants, which frequently have to cope with hostile environments, sHSPs are much more abundant and diverse than in other forms of life. In response to high temperature stress, sHSPs of more than twenty kinds can make up more than 1% of soluble plant proteins. We isolated a genomic clone, NtHSP18.3, from Nicotiana tabacum that encodes the complete open reading frame of a cytosolic class I small heat shock protein. To investigate the function of NtHSP18.3 in vitro, it was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified NtHSP18.3 had typical molecular chaperone activity as it protected citrate synthase and luciferase from high temperature-induced aggregation. When E. coli celluar proteins were incubated with NtHSP18.3, a large proportion of the proteins remained soluble at temperatures as high as $70^{\circ}C$. Native gel analysis suggested that NtHSP18.3 is a dodecameric oligomer as the form present and showing molecular chaperone activity at the condition tested. Binding of bis-ANS to the oligomers of NtHSP18.3 indicated that exposure of their hydrophobic surfaces increased as the temperature was raised. Taken together, our data suggested that NtHSP18.3 is a molecular chaperone that functions as a dodecameric complex and possibly in a temperature-induced manner.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

To know the stress response and antioxidative effect of sulfur containing compounds, we observed the expression of the stress protein (heat shock protein; inducible protein) from mouse tissues and evaluated the protective effects to hydroxyl radical in mouse brain cell culture. Cysteine, methionine or sodium sulfide was fed by oral administration of 1 ml/per 6hr/three times with 1 mM, 2mM or 3mM to mouse, respectively. After that, the stress proteins were extracted from mouse tissues and analyzed the features of expression. The stress proteins by sulfur containing compounds were showed different aspects in the kinds and concentrations of their compounds, and in the tissues of mouse. In the liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in the spleen were evaluated from 32KDa to 50KDA, and the induced times were relatively late at high concentration of cysteine, early at low concentration of methionine or sodium sulfide. The stress proteins in mouse muscle were detected mostly between 24hr after treatment of sulfur containing compounds. Their molecular weights were 15~24KDa. In the antioxidative effects of sulfur containing compounds to hydroxyl radical, cell viabilities were measured by 63.2% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 65.5% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 68.6% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.3% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, or 83.0% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of cysteine, respectively. At addition of methionine, the cell viabilities were assessed as 58.1% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 62.8% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 75.7% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.6% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 79.2% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ after 4hrs exposure with 20mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO) system, while the numbers of live cells to hydroxyl radicals in treatment of sodium sulfide were showed 48.6% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 54.8% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 51.8% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 51.6% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ in the neuronal cells. In the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of tumor cells, percentages of dead cells of the CT-26 or HeLa cell were generally less than 30% even 48hr after addition of sulfur containing compounds. Conclusively, the results of these experiments indicate that stress protein by sulfur containing compounds can be used as physiological indicator for animal nutrition and for environment, and also that cysteine and methionine can play critical roles as an antioxidant.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

To investigation protein expression pattern in rice leaves exposed to cold stress, the soluble proteins extracted from leaf tissue were fractionated with $15\%$ PEG and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Eight proteins up-regulated and 10 down-regulated were found in $15\%$ PEG supernatant fraction. In addition, 13 proteins up-regulated and 14 down-regulated were found in $15\%$ PEG pellet fraction. It was identified the differentially expressed proteins in $15\%$ PEG supernatant fraction as pimerase/dehydratase fructokinase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi), chaperonin 21 precursor, probable photosystem II oxygen-envolving complex (PS II OEC) protein 2 precursor and thioredoxin h-type (Trx-h) and those in $15\%$ PEG pellet fraction as OSINBb0059K02.15, hypothetical protein, putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), beta 7 subunit of 205 proteasome, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit. These proteins are involved in metabolism, energy, protein synthesis, disease/defense and signal transduction-related proteins.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.489-497
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of milk protein intake and band exercise on active fitness and metabolism risk factor of elderly women for 8 weeks. The two groups were classified into one group(TG) with milk protein intake and band exercise both, and the other group(CG) that was controled. The group of TG was applied doing milk protein intake 3 times for a day, and doing band exercise 4 times for 60 minutes a week. The intensity of the exercise was RPE<17. Each measurement variable was measured before and after 8 weeks to investigate the effect. This study got the result with this step. First, TG has shown small interaction with active fitness. Second, TG has shown small interaction with metabolism risk factor. Therefore, this study gives us the positive result of the effect of milk protein intake and band exercise on active fitness and metabolism risk factor of elderly women for 8 weeks. However, it has limitation to verify effect of milk protein intake and band exercise.