• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

The purpose of study is to suggest the data on what residential choice elements have to be considered to be important when the apartments are planed in middle size cities. This study analyzed the environmental characteristics of Cheong-Ju city and compared the priority of residential choice elements by using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The results of analysis are as follows. 1) The rate of housing supply in Cheong-Ju city is low at $80.2\%$ and concentrated on small sized apartments. Furthermore, the educational and traffic facilities are very insufficient. 2) While residential choice in Cheong-Ju is heavily characterized by educational surroundings, it is less affected by economic aspects such as housing prices and the value of investments and accessibility to public transportations, distance to working places. 3) It is affected by residents' general characteristics like as sex, age, life cycle, education level, properties, home ownership, number of room and type of house they want. In conclusion, the middle size cities like Cheong-Ju need the large scale residential plans connected with educational considerations, focused on improvement in quality and outdoor space. In addition, it is recommended to make plans to satisfy the diverse needs of consumers.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

Houses in Jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type is mostly built. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dinning room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in Jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan type was mostly built. ㅡ shape is kept as plan shaped of straight shape, and roof shape is showed as ㅡ shape gathering roof. ㅡ shape + part projection type talls part projecting type as happened in Gopang, and Chabang. Roof is gathering roof, and when it is showed ㄱ shape by Gopang, Chabang, and kitchen are projected. ㅡ shape + total projection shape is one of the room become totally projected by Gopang and Chabang, can be happen with small room or kitchen, and roof as gathering roof shaped with ㅡ shape, ㄱ shape, ㄷ shape, unsystematic ㄹ shape, and various shapes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.635-644
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• 2020

The construction industry in developing countries like Vietnam, which incorporates small and medium construction enterprises, is typically more prone to disputes and contract dispute-related lawsuits. A dispute may occur at any time in the life cycle of the project. It is sometimes solved with the intermediation of a lawyer or directly by stakeholders. Understanding the causes of disputes in a construction project not only improves the efficiency of a company but also increases the success of projects. This study was carried out using a questionnaire survey at construction projects in Ho Chi Minh City. Sample data with 117 observations were analyzed to find the disputing factors in construction projects: diversity of working style among the parties; reluctance to work; and poor teamwork. Correlation coefficient on a rank of factors between design consultant and contractor; Design consultant and project owners are positively correlated. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis identified six groups of factors in construction disputes: cooperation, technology, economics, productivity, information, and behavior. The findings are useful for enterprise practice and provide participants with an overview of sources of dispute. Thus, a more complete risk management plan can be formulated, which will accelerate project progress and improve the likelihood of success.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.277-287
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• 2002

The chemopreventive effects of ginseng on rat carcinogenesis models were investigated, In the present study, the inhibitory effects of white and red ginseng on tumor development were examined using medium-term liver, initiation and medium-term multi-organ carcinogenicity bioassay systems. No modifying potential of the ginsengs was evident in terms of the numbers or areas of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST -P)-positive foci, which is a marker of preneoplastic lesion in rat livers. However, white ginseng, but not red ginseng was found to decrease the incidences of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine and colon in the medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis model. These results indicate that white ginseng may have inhibitory effects on progression stage of rat intestinal carcinogenesis, but the influence is not strong. Ginseng is unlikely to have promoting or inhibitory effects in other organs under the present type of experimental conditions. Possible application on ginseng for chemoprevention of colon cancer in humans, can be concluded given the lack of obvious adverse effects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

This study researched those universities for which fence opening and greening projects are being conducted by Seoul city. The forms of opened fences at 24 universities which have accomplished this project were classified into several types for each type of university, representative cases with many diverse facilities and active users were selected and investigated. The study was carried out using methods of field observations, literature review, and surveys. To maintain the confidentiality of the collected questionnaire analysis, the analysis of each type's usage frequency, overall satisfaction and a regression analysis with space environment and facilities, a one-way ANOVA for was used to validate the difference between types regarding satisfaction with the project. The results of usage type analysis were found to agree with the 3 analysis criteria-- installation location, user characteristics, and usage purpose--which were the legislative concepts. In overall satisfaction with facilities, it appeared that except for Seoul Women's College of Nursing with its rural district neighborhood type park, users were satisfied: with the small urban neighborhood park of Methodist Theological College, Konkuk University's small urban square park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In general, users appeared to not have satisfaction with such features as fountains / hydroponic facilities, fitness facilities, and square facilities, which should be taken into consideration when pursuing further opening and greening projects. Regarding full satisfaction with the space environment, it was found that users were not satisfied with Seoul Women's College of Nursing's rural district neighborhood-style park, whereas they were satisfied with Methodist Theological College's small urban neighborhood park, Konkuk University's small urban square-style park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In addition, it was shown that facilities use, convenience and privacy of the four parks were largely unsatisfactory for users, and that the small city parks located at roadsides were unsatisfactory regarding noise level, both of which should be most highly considered when conducting similar projects in the future.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2004

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.300-309
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence and caries pattern of preschool children in a small city. Six hundred twenty four kindergarten children in Milyang city were examined for their caries experience of individual teeth and surfaces by dmf index. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmft rate) in primary teeth was 74.0% in 3-year-olds, 83.8% in 4-year-olds, and 90.6% in 5-year-olds. The mean number of decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth(dmft index) was 3.47 in 3-year-olds, 5.41 in 4-year-olds, and 6.01 in 5-year-olds. 2. The caries prevalence of children in this study was higher than those of other researches in past and in other cities. 3. The caries-experienced teeth in order in 5-year-olds were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar, mandibular 1st primary molar, maxillary 2nd primary molar, maxillary primary central incisor and maxillary 1st primary molar. 4. The pattern of dental caries development was different between the incisors and molars. The prevalent surface of caries was proximal surface in primary incisors, but occlusal surface in primary molars.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.54-70
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• 2017

The accumulator is a passive safety injection device for emergency core cooling systems. As an important safety feature for providing a high-speed injection flow to the core by compressed nitrogen gas pressure during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the accumulator injects its precharged nitrogen into the system after its coolant has been emptied. Attention has been drawn to the possible negative effects caused by such a nitrogen injection in passive safety nuclear power plants. Although some experimental work on the nitrogen injection has been done, there have been no comparative tests in which the effects on the system responses and the core safety have been clearly assessed. In this study, a new thermal hydraulic integral test facility-the advanced core-cooling mechanism experiment (ACME)-was designed and constructed to support the CAP1400 safety review. The ACME test facility was used to study the nitrogen injection effects on the system responses to the small break loss-of-coolant accident LOCA (SBLOCA) transient. Two comparison test groups-a 2-inch cold leg break and a double-ended direct-vessel-injection (DEDVI) line break-were conducted. Each group consists of a nitrogen injection test and a nitrogen isolation comparison test with the same break conditions. To assess the nitrogen injection effects, the experimental data that are representative of the system responses and the core safety were compared and analyzed. The results of the comparison show that the effects of nitrogen injection on system responses and core safety are significantly different between the 2-inch and DEDVI breaks. The mechanisms of the different effects on the transient were also investigated. The amount of nitrogen injected, along with its heat absorption, was likewise evaluated in order to assess its effect on the system depressurization process. The results of the comparison and analyses in this study are important for recognizing and understanding the potential negative effects on the passive core cooling performance caused by nitrogen injection during the SBLOCA transient.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.655-673
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• 2014

We investigated perceptions and image analysis on scientists studying small organisms reflected in elementary student's drawing using a modified version of the Drawing-A-Scientist-Test. The participants were 530 of fifth and sixth graders consisted of 449 ordinary students and 81 science gifted students. The data were collected from associated words, images and explanatory notes depicted by students engaged in questionnaires. The results indicated that a larger number of students reminded small sized animals and/or plants as words associated with small organisms. In addition, some students depicted anthropomorphic or abstract microorganisms. In this study, more stereotypes of scientists' appearance were exhibited at sixth graders and city region group. Most of the students depicted indicators such as lab coat, glasses, scientific instruments for observing, indoor, male and young, whereas only a few students depicted collaborative work. There was statistically significant difference between girls and boys, because boys perceived male scientists only, while half of girls depicted female. More frequent research instruments and scientific captions were used when science gifted students depicted scientists studying small organisms. These results could be contributed to education on microorganisms in elementary science.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2022

Coughing and breath shortness are common symptoms of nano (small) cell lung cancer. Smoking is main factor in causing such cancers. The cancer cells form on the soft tissues of lung. Deformation behavior and wave vibration of lung affected when cancer cells exist. Therefore, in the current work, phase velocity behavior of the small cell lung cancer as a main part of the body via an exact size-dependent theory is presented. Regarding this problem, displacement fields of small cell lung cancer are obtained using first-order shear deformation theory with five parameters. Besides, the size-dependent small cell lung cancer is modeled via nonlocal stress/strain gradient theory (NSGT). An analytical method is applied for solving the governing equations of the small cell lung cancer structure. The novelty of the current study is the consideration of the five-parameter of displacement for curved panel, and porosity as well as NSGT are employed and solved using the analytical method. For more verification, the outcomes of this reports are compared with the predictions of deep neural network (DNN) with adaptive optimization method. A thorough parametric investigation is conducted on the effect of NSGT parameters, porosity and geometry on the phase velocity behavior of the small cell lung cancer structure.