• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2011

The air flow supplied to a fuel cell system is one of the most significant factors in determining fuel efficiency. The conventional method of controlling the air flow is to fix the oxygen supply at an estimated constant rate for optimal efficiency. However, the actual optimal point can deviated from the pre-set value due to temperature, load conditions and so on. In this paper, the maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) algorithm is proposed for finding the optimal air supply rate in real time to maximize the net-power generation of fuel cell systems. The fixed step MEPT algorithm has slow dynamics, thus it affects the overall efficiency. As a result, the variable step MEPT algorithm is proposed to compensate for this problem instead of a fixed one. The complete small signal model of a PEM Fuel cell system is developed to perform a stability analysis and to present a design guideline. For a design example, a 1kW PEM fuel cell system with a DSP 56F807 (Motorola Inc) was built and tested using the proposed MEPT algorithm. This control algorithm is very effective for a soft current change load like a grid connected system or a hybrid electric vehicle system with a secondary energy source.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2024

Currently used heating elements are metal and non-metal heating elements, including various types of heaters, and resistance line heating elements have a problem of decreasing thermal efficiency over time, so to solve this problem, a planar heating element using high-purity carbon materials and oxidation-resistant inorganic compounds was applied. Through the manufacture of planar heating elements using CNT, ruthenium composite materials, and ruthenium oxide, physicochemical performance and capacity were increased, and instantaneous responsiveness was increased. Through thick film technology applicable to various base bodies, fine patterns were formed by the screening method in consideration of the fact that the performance of the heat source depends on the viscosity and pattern shape. The heating element was manufactured by thick film printing technology by mixing ruthenium oxide, CNT, Ag, etc. The characteristics of each paste were analyzed through viscosity measurement, and STS 430 was used as a base. Surface temperature and efficiency were measured by testing heaters manufactured for small wind tunnels and real-vehicle experiments. The surface temperature decreased as the air volume increased, and the optimal system boundary was found to be about 200 mm. Among the currently used heating elements, this paper manufactured a planar heating element using thick film technology to find out the relationship between air volume and temperature, and to study the surface temperature.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1097-1107
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• 2015

일반적인 수직이착륙 항공기는 높은 출력대 중량비의 가스터빈엔진을 사용한다. 그러나 높은 연료 소모율로 인해 소형 항공기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 직렬 하이브리드-전기 추진시스템을 대안으로 제안하였으며, 시스템을 구성할 소형엔진과 전기모터, 배터리에 대한 기술조사 비교분석을 수행하였다. 연구를 위한 고정익 수직이착륙 무인항공기로 I사(社)의 65 kg급 수직이착륙 P-무인기를 사용하였다. 개발한 발전제어 및 전력제어 알고리즘의 타당성과 항속시간을 예측하기 위해 Matlab/simulink$^{(R)}$를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과 알고리즘이 비교적 잘 작동하는 것을 확인하였고, 직렬 하이브리드-전기 시스템이 임무형상을 만족하는 7시간의 항속시간을 충분히 만족 할 수 있을 것으로 예측하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.857_858
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• 2009

On account of small size and light weight, a high-speed machine is regarded as a key technology for many future applications of drive systems. In high-speed applications, permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors have a number of merits such as high efficiency and high power density. Accordingly, they are suitable for driving the air-blower of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) where space and energy savings are critical. Particularly, a surface-mounted PM motor of them is mainly used as a high-speed machine. However, the motor has a fatal flaw owing to a retaining can to maintain the mechanical integrity of a rotor assembly. The can results in the increase of magnetic air-gap length in the surface-mounted PM motor. Thus, in this paper, an interior PM motor is designed in order to drive the air-blower of FCEV instead of the surface-mounted PM motor, and the experimental results of two models are compared to verify the capability of the interior PM motor for a high-speed machine.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2018

An airbag is an essential automotive component used in all kinds of vehicles such as an internal combustion engine and an electric motor vehicle and is used to minimize the damage of an occupant in the event of an accident. Airbag-related parts are being monopolized by a small number of foreign companies around the world. In this situation, it is necessary to develop and research the airbag-related part molding technology for expansion of the domestic airbag-related market and corporate export. As a part of this research, we have developed a mold for airbag inflator cap. The development consists of three steps which are the design of components, analysis of the design and verification of it. In the case of the design, the transfer type mold was designed for the multi-cylindrical shaped feature. Analysis was then conducted on the design. By examining the results of analysis, changing features and numbers of punches and dies were added in the analysis and repeatedly analyzed. After the addition, proper dimensions from the analysis were achieved, and prototypes were practically produced and verified. In the case of prototype verification, Pressurizing Burst Test was conducted on the existing products and the prototype. By comparing the results of the test, the possibility of replacing the existing product of the airbag inflator cap is presented in this paper.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

Pool boiling, one of the key thermal-hydraulics phenomena, has been widely studied for improving heat transfer efficiencies and safety of nuclear power plants, refrigerating systems, solar-collector heat pipes, and other facilities and equipments. In the present study, the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat-transfer coefficients were tested under the pool-boiling state using graphene M-5 and M-15 nanofluids as well as oxidized graphene M-5 nanofluid. The results showed that the highest CHF increase for both graphene M-5 and M-15 was at the 0.01% volume fraction and, moreover, that the CHF-increase ratio for small-diameter graphene M-5 was higher than that for large-diameter graphene M-15. Also at the 0.01% volume fraction, the oxidized graphene M-5 nanofluid showed a 41.82%-higher CHF-increase ratio and a 26.7%-higher heat-transfer coefficient relative to the same nanofluid without oxidation treatment at the excess temperature where the CHF of distilled water occurs.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2010

On account of small size and light weight, a high-speed machine is regarded as a key technology for many future applications of drive systems. In high-speed applications, permanent magnet synchronous motors have a number of merits such as high efficiency and high power density. Therefore, they are suitable for driving the air-blower of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) where space and energy savings are critical. Particularly, a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) of them is mainly used as a high-speed machine. However, the motor has a fatal flaw due to a retaining can to maintain the mechanical integrity of a rotor assembly. The can results in the increase of magnetic air-gap length in the SPMSM. Thus, in this paper, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is applied in order to drive the air-blower of FCEV instead of the SPMSM, and the experimental results of two models are compared to verify the capability of the IPMSM for high-speed applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.387-407
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• 2010

In this paper, using perturbation and Galerkin method, the response of a resonant viscoelastic microbeam to an electric actuation is obtained. The microbeam is under axial load and electrical load. It is assumed that midplane is stretched, when the beam is deflected. The equation of motion is derived using the Newton's second law. The viscoelastic model is taken to be the Kelvin-Voigt model. In the first section, the static deflection is obtained using the Galerkin method. Exact linear symmetric mode shape of a straight beam and its deflection function under constant transverse load are used as admissible functions. So, an analytical expression that describes the static deflection at all points is obtained. Comparing the result with previous research show that using deflection function as admissible function decreases the computation errors and previous calculations volume. In the second section, the response of a microbeam resonator system under primary and secondary resonance excitation has been obtained by analytical multiple scale perturbation method combined with the Galerkin method. It is shown, that a small amount of viscoelastic damping has an important effect and causes to decrease the maximum amplitude of response, and to shift the resonance frequency. Also, it shown, that an increase of the DC voltage, ratio of the air gap to the microbeam thickness, tensile axial load, would increase the effect of viscoelastic damping, and an increase of the compressive axial load would decrease the effect of viscoelastic damping.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2023

Salt cores have attracted considerable attention for their application to the casting process of electric vehicle parts as a solution to ecological issues. However, the salt core still has low mechanical strength for use in high-pressure die casting. In this study, we investigated the improvements in the bending strength of KCl-based salt cores resulting from the use of reinforcing materials. KCl and Na₂CO₃ powders were used as matrix materials, and glass fiber and carbon fiber were used as reinforcing materials. The effects of carbon fiber and glass fiber contents on the bending strength properties were investigated. Here, we obtained a new fiber-reinforced salt core composition with improved bending strength for high-pressure die casting by adding a relatively small amount of glass fiber (0.3 wt%). The reinforced salt core indicates the improved properties, including a bending strength of 49.3 Mpa, linear shrinkage of 1.5%, water solubility rate of 16.25 g/min·m² in distilled water, and hygroscopic rate of 0.058%.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

In this study, we fabricated a parallelly connected Li-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid cell to combine the advantageous characteristics of Li-ion battery and supercapacitor, high energy density and high power density, respectively, and investigated its discharging characteristics over a wide temperature range from -40 to $25^{\circ}C$. At the initial state of discharging of the hybrid cell, the power was mostly provided by the supercapacitor and then the portion of the Li-ion battery was gradually increased. By installing a switching system into the hybrid cell, which controls the discharging sequence of Li-ion battery and supercapacitor, the maximum power was improved by 40% compared with non switching system. In addition at low temperatures, the power and discharging time of the hybrid cell were significantly enhanced compared to a battery-alone system. The hybrid cell is expected to be applied in electric vehicles and small domestic appliances that require high power at initial discharging state.