• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2001년도 제33회 춘계학술대회 개최
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Friction and wear properties of brake friction materials containing different metal fibers (Al, Cu or Steel fibers) were investigated using a pad-on-disk type friction tester. Two different materials(gray iron and Al-MMC)) were used for disks rubbing against the friction materials. Results from ambient temperature tests revealed that the friction material containing Cu fibers sliding against cast iron disk showed a distinct negative ${\mu}$-ν (friction coefficient vs. sliding velocity) relation implying possible stick-slip generation at low speed. The negative ${\mu}$-ν relation was not observed when the Cu-containing friction materials were rubbed against the. Al-MMC counter surface. As applied loads increased, friction materials showed higher friction coefficients comparatively. Friction materials slid against cast iron disks exhibited higher friction coefficients than Al-MMC disks during high temperature tests. On the other hand, high temperature test results suggested that copper fibers in the friction material improved fade resistance and the steel fibers were not compatible with Al-MMC disks showing severe material transfer and erratic friction behavior during sliding at elevated temperatures.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2000

X-ray diffraction method detects change of crystal lattice distance under material surface using diffraction angle 2$\theta$. This technique can be applied to the behavior on slip band and micro crack due to material degradation. The relation between half-value breadth and number of cycle has three stages which constitute rapid decrease in initial number of cycles, slight decrease in middle number of cycles and rapid decrease in final number of cycles. The ratio of half-value breadth takes a constant value on B/B$_{0}$-N diagram with loading condition except early part of fatigue life. The ratio of half-value breadth B/B$_{0}$ with respect to number of cycle to failure N$_{f}$ has linear behavior on B/B$_{0}$-log N$_{f}$ diagram. Therefore, in this paper the estimation of fatigue life by average gradient method has much less estimated mean error than the estimation of fatigue life by log B/B$_{0}$-log N/N$_{f}$ relation.elation.ation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2019

Based on the effective stress principle, a new formula for shear strength of unsaturated soil is derived under the general nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion to improve the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil. Meanwhile, the simple irrigation model under steady seepage is adopted to obtain the distribution of the matrix suction or the degree of saturation (DOS) above the groundwater table in the slope. Then, combined with the improved strength criterion of unsaturated soil and the simple irrigation model under steady seepage, the limit equilibrium (LE) solutions for the unsaturated slope stability are established according to the global LE conditions of the entire sliding body with assumption of the stresses on the slip surface. Compared to the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil, not only the cohesion soil but also the internal friction angle is affected by the matric suction or the DOS in the improved strength criterion. Moreover, the internal friction angle related to the matric suction has the nonlinear characteristics, particularly for a small of the matric suction. Thereafter, the feasibility of the present method is verified by comparison and analysis on some slope examples. Furthermore, stability charts are also drawn to quickly analyze the unsaturated slope stability.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2019

Due to the seepage of groundwater, the resisting force of slopes decreases and the sliding force increases, resulting in significantly reduced slope stability. The instability of most natural slopes is closely related to the influence of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to study slope stability under groundwater seepage conditions. Thus, using a simplified seepage model of groundwater combined with the analysis of stresses on the slip surface, the limit equilibrium (LE) analytical solutions for two- and three-dimensional slope stability under groundwater seepage are deduced in this work. Meanwhile, the general nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion is adopted to describe the shear failure of a slope. By comparing the results with the traditional LE methods on slope examples, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified. In contrast to traditional LE methods, the proposed method is more suitable for analyzing slope stability under complex conditions. In addition, to facilitate the optimization of drainage design in the slope, stability charts are drawn for slopes with different groundwater tables. Furthermore, the study concluded that: (1) when the hydraulic gradient of groundwater is small, the effect on slope stability is also small for a change in the groundwater table; and (2) compared with a slope without a groundwater table, a slope with a groundwater table has a larger failure range under groundwater seepage.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

지진하중의 불확실성을 평가할 수 있는 신뢰성기반 해석기법을 제시한다. 이 기법은 종래의 한계평형법과 뉴막-형식의 변형량 계산기법에 확률개념을 도입하였으며 피해 위험성을 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션 해석기법으로 계산한다. 지진파를 작성하고 이들을 사면 내진 해석에 사용하고자 확률변수 프로세스와 RMS 재해 기법을 도입하였다. 지반성질의 변동성과 통계오차도 고려하였다. 신뢰성 해석 결과 지진활동이 활발한 지역에서는, 계산된 사면파괴 위험성과 과도한 영구변형의 관점에서 비교할 때 지진재해 평가가 더 중요한 사항이며, 재료성질의 모사방법의 차이는 상대적으로 영향이 적다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 이 결과는 원형 및 비원형 형태의 활동면 파괴에 모두 해당된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

Steel-concrete composite slabs represent a very efficient floor solution combining the key performance of two different materials: the steel and the concrete. Composite slab response is governed by the degree of the interaction between these two materials, mainly depending by chemical and mechanical bond. The latter is characterized by a limited degree of confinement if compared with the one of the rebars in reinforced concrete members while the former is remarkably influenced by the type of concrete and the roughness of the profiled surface, frequently lubricated during the cold-forming manufacturing processes. Indeed, owing to the impossibility to guarantee a full interaction between the two materials, a key parameter governing slab design is represented by the horizontal shear-bond strength, which should be always experimentally estimated. According to EC4, the design of the slab bending resistance, is based on the simplified assumption that the decking sheet is totally yielded, i.e., always in plastic range, despite experimental and numerical researches demonstrate that a large part of the steel deck resists in elastic range when longitudinal shear collapse is achieved. In the paper, the limit strain for composite slab, which corresponds to the slip, i.e., the debonding between the two materials, has been appraised by means of a refined numerical method used for the simulation of experimental results obtained on 8 different composite slab types. In total, 71 specimens have been considered, differing for the properties of the materials, cross-section of the trapezoidal profiled metal sheets and specimen lengths.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2023

This paper proposes a method of estimating the pose of a mobile robot by using a learning model. When estimating the pose of a mobile robot, wheel encoder and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data are generally utilized. However, depending on the condition of the ground surface, slip occurs due to interaction between the wheel and the floor. In this case, it is hard to predict pose accurately by using only encoder and IMU. Thus, in order to reduce pose error even in such conditions, this paper introduces a pose estimation method based on a learning model using data of the wheel encoder and IMU. As the learning model, long short-term memory (LSTM) network is adopted. The inputs to LSTM are velocity and acceleration data from the wheel encoder and IMU. Outputs from network are corrected linear and angular velocity. Estimated pose is calculated through numerically integrating output velocities. Dataset used as ground truth of learning model is collected in various ground conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed learning model has higher accuracy of pose estimation than extended Kalman filter (EKF) and other learning models using the same data under various ground conditions.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2020

태풍 등과 같은 강풍에 의한 비산물로부터 구조물과 인명의 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 비산물의 비행 시작 풍속을 예측할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 강풍 시 비산물의 비행시작 풍속을 예측하기 위한 방법과 예측에 필요한 데이터를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해 힘의 평형방정식으로부터 비산물의 비행 시작 풍속 예측식을 제시하였다. 또한 예측식에 필요한 공기력계수를 산출하기 위해 풍동실험을 수행하여 비산물의 길이와 높이의 비에 따른 공기력계수를 측정하고, 아울러 비율에 따른 공기력계수를 계산할 수 있는 경험식을 제시하였다. 예측 비행 시작 풍속을 검증하기 위해 풍동에서 자유비산 실험을 수행하여 비산물의 비행 시작 풍속을 측정하였다. 비산물의 길이와 두께의 비가 10 미만인 경우에는 주로 미끄러짐에 의해 비행이 시작되었고, 10 이상인 경우에는 주로 전도에 의해 비행이 시작되는 것으로 나타났다. 실제 비행 시작 풍속은 예측 풍속과 전반적으로 일치하나 약 20~30 % 낮았다. 이는 도류판 표면의 경계층 흐름 및 시험체의 변형 등이 원인으로 추정되며, 향후 예측 정확도를 높이기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.568-577
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• 2006

With the increase of ship size and speed, the loading on the propeller is increasing, which in turn increases the rotational speed in the propeller slipstream. The rudder placed in the propeller slip stream is therefore subject to severe cavitation with the increased angle of attack due to the increased rotational induction speed of the propeller. In the present paper the surface panel method, which has been proved useful in predicting the sheet cavitation on the propeller blade, is applied to solve the cavity boundary value problem on the rudder. The problem is then solved numerically by discretizing the rudder and cavity surface elements of the quadrilateral panels with constant strengths of sources and dipoles. The strengths of the singularities are determined satisfying the boundary conditions on the rudder and cavity surfaces. The extent of the cavity, which is unknown a priori, is determined by iterative procedure. Series of numerical experiments are performed increasing the degree of complexity of the rudder geometry and oncoming flows from the simple hydrofoil case to the real rudder in the circumferentially averaged propeller slipstream. Numerical results are presented with experimental results.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2004

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northem part of the Ulsan(Bulguksa) fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Ulsan fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quatemary fan deposits. Buguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Gyeongju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. The lateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at jinty villagy. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S strike thrusts it westward over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical displacements on the high surfaces along the Bulguksa fault system are about 1.05 m at Ha-Dong, 9.5-10.5 m at Jinhyun-Dong, and about 10 m high at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6 m high at Ha-Dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.43 mm/y.