• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2014

A Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (hereafter 'BNWAS') is to monitor and detect if an officer of watch(hereafter 'OOW') keeps a sharp lookout on the bridge. The careless lookout of an OOW could lead to marine accidents. For this reason on June 5th, 2009, IMO decided that a ship is equipped with a BNWAS. However, an existing BNWAS gives the OOW a lot of inconvenience and stress in its operation. It requires that the OOW should press reset buttons to confirm their alert watch on the bridge at every three to twelve minute. Many OOWs have complained that at some circumstances they cannot focus on their bridge activities including watch-keeping due to a lots of resetting inputs of BNWAS. Accordingly, IMO has allowed the use of a motion sensor as a resetting device. The motion sensor detects the movements of human body on the bridge and subsequently sends reset signals directly to BNWAS automatically. As a result, OOWs can work uninterrupted. However, some of classification societies and flag authorities have a slightly different stance on the use of motion sensor as a resetting method for BNWAS. The reason is that the motion sensor may trigger false reset signals caused by the motion of objects on the bridge, especially a slight movement such as toss and turn of human body which can extend the period of careless watch. As a basic study to minimize the false reset signals, this paper proposes a simple configuration of BNWAS, which consists of only three motion sensors associated with 'AND' and 'OR' logic gates. Additionally, several considerations are also proposed for the implementation of motion sensors. This study found that the proposed configuration which consists of three motion sensors is better than an existing one by reducing false reset signals caused by a slight movement of human body in one's sleep. The proposed configuration in this paper filters false reset signals and is simple to be implemented on existing vessels. In addition, it can be easily installed just by a basic electrical knowledge.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6495-6503
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to evaluate patients' compliance with the hemodialysis and to investigate relationships between compliance, physiological parameters, and health-related quality of life. Data were collected from 220 patients at 27 local hemodialysis clinics. Compliance was measured with Sick-role Behavioral Compliance including interdialytic weight gain, serum potassium, and phosphorus. Health-related quality of life was assessed using Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Total compliance scored 2.92 out of 4 points on average. Among fifteen items, 'I keep on my dialysis schedule(time and date)' was the highest score. There were differences in the scores for compliance according to age, marital status, and dialysis period. Statistically significant correlations were found between four compliance items(medication, infection control, sleep, eating vegetable and fruit) and health-related quality of life. The results of the study indicate that a patient-centered approach would be helpful to improve quality of life in patients with hemodialysis. Healthcare providers need to understand the patients' perspectives by identifying what is important to patients and taking patient values and priorities into account.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to report an improvement on the symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) after using Hyeongbangsabaeksan.Methods The patient was diagnosed with Soyangin Soyang-sangpung Symptomatology and treated with Hyeongbangsabaeksan. The patient's subjective symptoms of pain on the lower limb and discomfort in sleeping were observed using the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) respectively during the treatment period. And other specific symptoms of RLS were assessed once per week for a total of three times with Korean Versions of the International Restless Legs Scale.Results and Conclusions The pain on the patient's lower limb decreased from NRS 4 to NRS 0 after one week of treatment. And discomfort in sleeping decreased from VAS 5.5 to VAS 0 after one week of treatment. Furthermore, the score of Korean Versions of the International Restless Legs Scale decreased from 40 to 5 after two weeks of treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that Sasang Constitutional Medicine can be an effective treatment for Soyangin patient with Restless Legs Syndrome as Soyangin Soyang-sangpung Symptomatology.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.215-223
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• 1984

Panax ginseng has often been suggested as a geriatric restorative. This study is a double blind crossover trial to test whether ginseng can improve function in subjects with the depression and reduced abilities associated with senescence. 49 screened subjects were given 1500 mg Korean Red ginseng and identical placebo each for ten days, with a washout period in between the dosages. Standard tests of mental function, neuromuscular reflexes, responsiveness, mood and well being were used. The subjects were somewhat better at the co-ordination and speed test ('number copying') but tests of concentration and memory ('Concentration', 'Paired Association', 'Digit Span' and 'Object Learning') gave equivocal results. There were small improvements in mood and well being ('Life Satisfaction' and 'General Health Questionnaire') while the subjects indicated increased energy, alertness and less sleep, but also less happiness on the daily analogue scales. The major result was a highly significant improvement in reactivity, speed and co-oridnation at the tapping test, and the visual, auditory and disjunctive reaction timer. These are the most objective and accurate tests used in this trial. It is therefore concluded that ginseng can increase function in senile individuals. This effect is most easily visualisable in objective psychophysical tests, rather than the more subjective memory and concentration tests.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study is to investigate treatment results and reasons of difference of treatment result. Method : 22 patients with atopic dermatitis were evaluated for the symptoms and signs according to SCORAD index before and after Oriental medical treatment. And they were divided into two groups(G1: the lower group, G2: the higher group) with 30 scores in standard and analyzed for differences of treatment result. Reasult : 22 patients's Change of total SCORAD index before and after treatment were $35.79{\pm}10.86$ and period were $4.55{\pm}2.94$ months. There were no significant differences between two groups in sex, age, congenital fever, onset and hospital treatment. There were many differences between two groups in the weakness of Digestive system. There were more familial histories in G2 than G1. Past years were $3.20{\pm}3.72$ years in G1 and $1.75{\pm}1.68$ years in G2. There were more deterioration fetors in G1 than G2. Sleep conditions before treatment were worse in G2 than G1 but all children except one were good after treatment. SCORAD index before treatment were worse in G2 than G1. The used herbal medicines were Bangpungtongsungsan gagambang, Yukmijihawangtang gagambang, Saenghyeolyunbuum gagambang. The most frequently used herbal medicine was Bangpungtongsungsan gagambang in G1, Yukmijihawangtang gagambang in G2. Conclusion : On the basis of this study, we thought factors which affected treatment result were the weakness of Digestive system, past years, deterioration factors and SCORAD index before treatment. But this study's cases are small in number so more study is need.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.487-503
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the situation of adolescent drug use in Seoul, and to com-pare this with the 1991 survey in order to better understand the present situation. The subject for this study were 1000 students in High School and Middle School. The data were collected during the period from september 1, 1992 to December 30, 1992. The guestionnaire developed by Kim So Ya Ja (1991) to survey adolescent drug use was used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, 1-test and ANOVA with the SPSS program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. Prevalence of Substance use : Antihistamines were used by 0.3% of adolescent, Sedatives 0.6%, Stimulants 8.1%, Hallucinogens 0.9%, Inhalants 3.2%, Narcotics 1.7%, and Analgetics 154.3%. 2. Trend in substance use compared to the 1991 surbey : Alcohol use increased from 52.8% to 63.7% and narcotics from 0.6% to 1.7%, while Smeking, Analgetics, Antihistamines, Sedatives, and Inhalants showed a decrease. 3. Smoking and Alcohol use : Twenty five percent of school adolescent had experienced cigarette smoking and 63.7% of school adolescent had experienced alcohol use. 4. Motives for drug use : The highest was avoidence of sleep at 49.4% and the next highest was adventure seeking at 27.7%. As to feeling after drug use, 34.3％ felt apathy, 22.8% had feelings of sleepiness and unconsciousness. 5. Places were dreg were purchased : The most frequent was the drug store (78.3%) and 84.4% of the respondents answered that drug purchase was easy and 86.7% that drug use was mainly at home. 6. Related Variables : There was a statistically significent high score for drug and alcohol use by adolescents whose fathers used drugs. (PC.05) In conclusion, adolescents in Seoul showed in decrease in the tendency to use drugs compared to the 1991 survey, however drugs which are habit-forming and lead to dependency are still being abused. Therefore, counter-plans and preventive stratiges are important.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.617-624
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• 2017

Objective: To compare the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles between bruxers and nonbruxers in adult and adolescent patients. Material and Methods: The samples composed of the surface electromyography (EMG) recordings obtained from the orthodontic patients. Sixty-eight patients who had bruxsim habit (43 female and 25 male) were divided into four groups according to their age and gender. Control groups consisted of 79 patients who had not bruxism habit. EMG of the masseter muscle and anterior temporal muscle were recorded before treatment in clenching at maximum intercuspation. The ratio of temporal and masseter muscle activity (T/M ratio) was compared between bruxers and nonbruxers in adult and adolescent patients. Results: EMG of masseter muscle and temporal muscle were significantly higher in adult male bruxism group than control. T/M ratio in adult male bruxism group was significantly lower than in adult male nonbruxism group. However, there was no significant difference in T/M ratio between adolescent bruxism group and adolescent nonbruxism group. Conclusions: The balance in the activity of the masseter and temporal muscles may not differ between bruxers and nonbruxers during adolescent periods. However, in adult period, the masseter muscle activity against temporal muscle is greater in males with bruxism habit compared to non-bruxer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2B
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• pp.76-81
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• 2008

LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) has been proposed as a routing protocol with a hierarchical structure, in order to achieve the energy efficiency that is of primary importance in the wireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor network adopting LEACH is composed of a few clusters, each of which consists of member nodes that sense the data, and head nodes that deliver the collected data from member nodes to a sink node that is connected to a backbone network. A head node in a cluster allocates TDMA slots to its member nodes without taking into account whether they have data to transmit or not, thus resulting in inefficiency of energy usage of head node that remains in active mode during the entire round time. This motivates us to propose a scheme to improve the energy efficiency of LEACH, by assigning TDMA slots only to those member nodes who have data to send. As a result, the head node can remain sleep during the period of no data transmission from member nodes, leading to the substantial energy saving. By using the ns-2 simulator, we evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with the original LEACH. Experimental results validate our scheme, showing a better performance than original LEACH in terms of the number of outliving nodes and the quantity of energy consumption as time evolves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2012

Objectives: This study examines the occurrence of disease resulting from low back pain and factors of working environment meaningfully influencing the occurrence of lumbago as well as analyzes '2nd Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS)' conducted in 2010 so as to establish the prevention and improvement measures. Methods: The analysis method is that it is to compare the prevalence rate of low back pain according to working environment via odds ratio and to implement the test about the factors having the difference in working environment between low back pain group and normal group through weighted t-test. Results: As a result, it indicates that there is a meaningful difference for prevalence rate of low back pain according to age, status in employment and education level which are socio-demographical factors. The analysis in working hours shows that the period of work is a factor raising the prevalence rate of low back pain rather than weekly working hours. The analysis in the work risk factor indicates that the increase in prevalence rate of low back pain takes place to either workers with repetitive movement and continuously standing posture or those with heavy stress and emotional labour. Conclusions: Workers with low back pain have suffered from accident, depression, anxiety disorder and sleep. The factors in which the prevalence rate of low back pain decrease are to provide information on health and safety and working speed, and enough rest.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting weight loss effect of Gamitaeumjowee-tang and to see if weight loss could be predicted using influence factors and weight loss progress. Methods: From September 2016 to March 2017, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 139 patients who were visited to the Korean Oriental Clinic for 3 months. We conducted a regression analysis to determine whether age, gender, initial weight, patient health questionnaire-9, heart rate variability (HRV), sleep quality, drinking habit and the medication history of weight loss affect weight loss. We found weight loss prediction equations using multiple regression analysis applying significant factors and weight loss progress. Results: Gender and initial weight had a significant effect on weight loss in all periods (P<0.001). HRV had a significant effect on primary weight loss (P<0.01). Other factors did not have any significant effect on weight loss. Using the significant factors, weight loss of each period could be predicted from 23.9% to 44.6%, and tertiary weight loss could be predicted with 76.6% using factors, primary weight loss and secondary weight loss (P<0.001). Conclusions: This study suggests that weight loss effect of Gamitaeumjowee-tang maybe be affected by influence factors and that weight loss prediction equations using them can be used for obesity treatment.