• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.787-799
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• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-105
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• 2017

Objectives : Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is chronic skin disease characterized by allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Saeng-ryo-Samul-tang (SRSM) can treat skin disease by cooling down blood heat, cealering away congenital fever and detoxicating. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SRSM on AD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice Methods : In this study, the effects of SRSM on changes in body weights, thicknesses of dorsum skin, thicknesses and weights of ear, changes of symptoms on the dorsum skin, histopathological degree of ear and dorsum skin, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in serum were observed. And the effects on the proliferation rates of splenocytes were also investigated in vivo and in vitro study. Results : In SRSM topical application (Topical) group, SRSM oral application (Oral) group and SRSM Combination (Combi) group thickness of dorsum skin decreased significantly. But in TPC, ORL and CBN group, weight of ear didn't show any changes, but thickness of ear decreased significantly. And TPC, ORL and CBN group showed meaningful effectiveness symptoms like desquamation and erythema on AD's clinical espect. In histopathological observation, spongiosis, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration of epidermal were remarkably diminished in TPC, ORL and CBN group. And SRSM diminished the proliferation rates of splenocytes in vivo and vitro study. Conclusions : The present study suggests that SRSM can significantly reduced symptoms of AD, therefore SRSM is effective to treatment of AD.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

Soybeans are one of the major crops for human food resource; protein, lipid, and carbohydrate. In these days, they are widely using for cosmetics to supply phospholipid; natural surfactant. In this study we used black soybean seed in korea and observed many kinds of biochemical constituents; isoflavone, melatonin, crisantemine and calcium in ethanol extract. Also, its extract (we named it Flatonin) has been demonstrated that korean black soybean seed is able to stimulate the proliferation of NIH 373 cells and increase the production of type III collagen in NIH 373 and Malme-3 (human skin fibroblast) cells. The addition of korean black soybean to quiescent NIH 373 cells resulted in an increase of proliferation which was assayed by MTF method. The maximum effect of korean black soybean was detected in 0.4％ korean black soybean treated cells which was comparable to that of 5% serum(96％ of 5％ serum effect). The addition of korean black soybean to NIH 373 and Malme-3 cells also increased the production of type III collagen in both cells. These results indicate that korean black soybean may enhance the repair process after injury and prevent aging processes in connective tissues.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

Coculture with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes. To enhance outcomes of skin disorders caused by melanocyte loss or death, mixed transplantation with ADSCs has been suggested. However, role of cocultured ADSCs in proliferation and migration of melanocytes remains unclear. This study determined the effect of ADSCs on production of growth factors and expression levels of intergrins in primary culture of adult human melanocytes with or without ADSCs and in nude mice grafted with such melanocytes. Higher amounts of growth factors for melanocytes, such as bFGF and SCF were produced and released from ADSCs by coculturing with melanocytes. Relative levels of integrins ${\beta}1$, ${\alpha}5$, and ${\alpha}6$ as well as adhesion to fibronectin and laminin were increased in melanocytes cocultured with ADSCs. Such increases were inhibited by neutralization of bFGF or SCF. Relative levels of bFGF, SCF and integrins were increased in nude mice skin after grafting with melanocyte+ADSC cocultures. Collectively, these results indicate that ADSCs can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes by increasing expression of integrins in melanocytes through upregulation of production/release of melanocyte growth factors such as bFGF and SCF.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Purpose: Oncostatin M(OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the interleukin(IL)-6 family. Although there have been a number of studies that focused on the role and mechanism of OSM in various organs and tissues, there are few reports on its effect on wound healing. The final purpose of this project is to evaluate the effect of OSM on wound healing. This pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of OSM on proliferation and matrix synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts, which are the major components of the wound healing. Methods: Excess skin that was obtained from patients who underwent skin grafts, was used for this study. From this material, fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. The cultured fibroblasts were treated with one of four concentrations of OSM. The OSM concentrations used were 0, 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml, respectively. After the OSM treatment, cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, collagen synthesis by the C1CP method, GAG levels by the Blyscan Dye method. The parameter levels of each group were compared. Results: OSM treatment increased all the components tested in the study. In particular, cell proliferation, GAG synthesis demonstrated statistically significant increases(p<0.05 in the Mann-Whitney U-test). The highest increase in all the components was obtained at a 100 ng/ml concentration of OSM.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that OSM stimulates proliferation and matrix synthesis of human dermal fibroblast and the optimal concentration for wound healing is 100 ng/mL.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2022

The migration and proliferation of keratinocytes are key events in re-epithelization, itself a major phase in the wound healing process. Cuscuta japonica Choisy (CJC) is used as a traditional medicine to improve liver, heart, and intestinal function, and its extracts are reported to have various biological properties such as whitening, anti-oxidancy, and an anti-acne effect. However, it is not yet known in particular whether or not CJC essential oil (CJCEO) affects skin regeneration. In the present study, we isolated CJCEO by solvent extraction and tested its effect on wound healing responses using normal human keratinocytes, namely HaCaT cells. We found that CJCEO induced proliferation as well as migration in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with a control group, CJCEO treatment at 250 ㎍/ml increased proliferation by 239.98±5.51% in HaCaT cells in a dose and migration by 124.86±6.06%. Moreover, the oil induced sprout outgrowth and, at 250 ㎍/ml, increased collagen synthesis by 148.56±15.47% in HaCaT cells. These results demonstrate that CJCEO may promote skin regeneration and wound healing by increasing the migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis of HaCaT cells. We therefore suggest that CJCEO could be used as a cosmetic material.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

Alpha-hydroxy acid(AHA) are used in cosmetic products as a pH adjuster, mild exfoliant and humectant-skin conditioner. Cosmetics containing higher concentration (30%) and lower pH (3.0) of AHA can cause side effects if it is applied without the prescription. For providing information on the safety of AHA and on human risk assessments we studied skin irritation effect of glycolic acid, one of the most commonly used AHA in guinea pigs. The skin irritation by glycolic acid was increased in a dose(10% to 70%), acidity (pH 2.5 to 5.5.) and length of exposure dependent manner (for up to 14 days), respectively. The combination treatment with UVB (0.4 or 3.0 J/$cm^2$) increased glycolic acid-induced skin irritation. Histological examination showed that hyperplasia of non-inflammatory cells in the epidermis of skin treated with high dose of glycolic acid (pH 3.0). There results show that glycolic acid increased skin irritation in a dose, length of exposure and pH dependent manner, respectively, in guinea pig, and the combination with UVB increased glycolic acid-induced skin irritation. The cell proliferation of non-inflammatory cell may be involved in high doses of glycolic acid-induced skin irritation. Long-term application of more than 30% of glycolic acid (pH 3.0) may cause skin irritation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) are multipotent, sphere-forming and embryonic neural crest-related precursor cells that can be isolated from dermis. It is known that the properties of porcine SKPs can be enhanced by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) which is an essential factor for the generation of embryonic stem cells in mice. In our present study, to enhance or maintain the properties of murine SKPs, LIF was added to the culture medium. SKPs were treated with 1,000 IU LIF for 72 hours after passage 3. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was then performed to quantify the expression of the pluripotent stem cell specific genes Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc, and the neural crest specific genes Snai2 and Ngfr. The results show that the expression of Oct4 is increased in murine SKPs by LIF treatment whereas the level of Ngfr is decreased under these conditions. Interestingly, LIF treatment reduced Nanog expression which is also important for cell proliferation in adult stem cells and for osteogenic induction in mesenchymal stem cells. These findings implicate LIF in the maintenance of stemness in SKPs through the suppression of lineage differentiation and in part through the control of cell proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.644-648
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• 2018

The incidence of skin cancer has continuously increased in Korea, probably due to sun exposure and increases in the aging population. Ultraviolet light, a well-known risk factor for skin cancer, can cause DNA damage, mutation, and immune suppression, followed by abnormal proliferation. To prevent photocarcinogenesis, the appropriate use of sunscreen should be emphasized. Using broad-spectrum sunscreens with sun protection factor values of 15 or higher and frequent reapplication are recommended. Controversy exists about whether vitamin D synthesis is inhibited by the use of sunscreen. However, considering that skin cancer most commonly develops on the head and neck area, applying it to the face and neck is reasonable in terms of balancing the risk-benefit ratio.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2018

In a previous study, we have demonstrated that S-methylmethionine sulfonium (SMMS) confers wound-healing and photoprotective effects on the skin, suggesting that SMMS can be used as a cosmetic raw material. However, it has an unpleasant odor. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized odor-free SMMS derivatives by eliminating dimethyl sulfide, which is the cause of the unpleasant odor and identified two derivatives that exhibited skin-protective effects: one derivative comprised (2S,4S)- and (2R,4S)-2-phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the other comprised (2S,4R)-, (2S,4S)-, (2R,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazinane-4-carboxylic acid. We performed in vitro proliferation assays using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The two SMMS derivatives were shown to increase hDF and HaCaT cell proliferation as well as improve their survival by protecting against ultraviolet exposure. Moreover, the derivatives regulated the expression of collagen type I and MMP mRNAs against ultraviolet exposure in hDFs, suggesting that these derivatives can be developed as cosmetic raw materials.