• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 1990

Free and esterified forms of provitamin D in 30-day-old mele rat skin were isolated and quantitated using silicic acid column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) systems. Two forms of free provitamin D(cholesta-5, 7-dien-$3{\beta}$-ol and cholesta-5, 7, 24-trien-$3{\beta}$-ol) and at least thirteen esterified forms of provitamin D were isolated. The average total concentration of provitamin D in the whole skin was $6,056ng/cm^2$. The skin contained $846ng/cm^2$ of free provitamin D and $5,209ng/cm^2$ of esterified provitamin D. The proportion of esterified provitamin D in the skin was 86%.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have potential to differentiate to various cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons. SKPs are a candidate for cell-based therapy since they are easily accessible and have multipotency. Most mammalian cells are exposed to a low oxygen environment with 1 to 5% $O_2$ concentration in vivo, while 21% $O_2$ concentration is common in in vitro culture. The difference between in vitro and in vivo $O_2$ concentration may affect to the behavior of cultured cells. In this report, we investigated the effect of hypoxic condition on stemness and proliferation of SKPs. The results indicated that SKPs exposed to hypoxic condition for 5 days showed no change in proliferation. In terms of mRNA expression, hypoxia maintained expression of stemness markers; whereas, oncogenes, such as Klf4 and c-Myc, were downregulated, and the expression of Nestin, related to cancer migration, was also downregulated. Thus, SKPs cultured in hypoxia may reduce the risk of cancer in SKP cell-based therapy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2004

In order to develop an optimum formulation for iontophoretic flux of vitamine C 2-phosphate (VCP), we have prepared three different hydrogels containing VCP, using carbopol, HPMC and poloxamer, and iontophoretic flux through hairless mouse skin from these hydrogels was carried out. Drug stability in phosphate buffer (PBS) solution (pH 7.4) with and without current application was studied. The effect of various factors, such as drug concentration, current density, and current profile on skin flux was also investigated. Stability study indicated that VCP in PBS (pH 7.4) solution was stable under the experimental condition, irrespective of the presence of current. Cathodal delivery increased the flux markedly, whereas the anodal and passive flux was negligible. Thus, cathodal delivery was used in all experiments. Flux increased as the drug concentration (2.5, 5.0, 7.5%) and current density $(0.2,\;0.4,\;0.6\;mA/cm^2)$ increased. Pulsed application of the current showed lower flux than constant current application. The results obtained suggest that VCP can be delivered into the skin and the amount delivered can be controlled by varying hydrogel, current density, drug concentration and current application profile.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2018

Objectives : Hyaluronic acid(HA) is a mucopolysaccharide, occuring naturally in living organisms. It is one of the most hydrophilic molecules, so it has been known as being related to skin hydration and skin aging. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Angelica gigas(A. gigas) ethanol extract on hyaluronic acid synthesis. Methods : To determine cytotoxicity and hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression, hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells, MTT assay and RT-PCR ELISA was used. Results : There were no cytotoxicity in $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration A. gigas extract in MTT assay. Hyaluronic acid synthase 2(HAS2) gene expression was increased by all treated concentration A. gigas extract. Hyaluronic acid production was higher than control group in $50{\mu}g/ml$ & $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration A. gigas extract. Conclusions : Hyaluronic acid production was increased by A. gigas extracts. Therefore, We suggest that A. gigas can make a contribution to the moisturizing effect on human skin.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2021

Antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract from Caesalpinia sappan L. was investigated against skin flora such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur. The yield and polyphenol content of the aqueous extract were 14.01±0.81% and 487.5±19.69 ㎍/mg-extract, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract against E. coli, S. aureus, C. acnes, and M. furfur was 0.875, 1.750, 1.750, and 1.750 mg/mL, respectively. In disc diffusion test, the aqueous extract of C. sappan L. increased the clear zone in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract inhibited the microbial growth in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

This study was performed to analyze the relationship among sebum hydration content of the skin and nutritional intake, serum antioxidant minerals and antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxide concentration in 50 female subjects in their 20s. The skin type was divided into Dry Skin, Mixed Skin, and Oily Skin, and the dry skin group was 14%, the mixed skin group was 56%, and the oily skin group was 30% of all subjects. The average age of the subjects was $20.54{\pm}1.43$ years and BMI was 20.66. The average sebum content in each group was in the order of T-zone>forehead>chin>cheek. In case of the T-zone, a significant difference between the dry skin group and the oily skin group was observed, suggesting that the area is most sensitive to sebum content by skin type. Significant differences were not observed in energy and nutrient intakes by skin type. Serum concentrations of antioxidant minerals such as copper, manganese, zinc and selenium were not significantly different among the groups, but the dry skin group tended to be higher than the oily skin group. Serum catalase was significantly higher in the oily skin group (P < 0.05), and MDA was significantly higher in the mixed skin group (P < 0.05). The hydration of the cheek and serum zinc showed a negative correlation, and the sebum content of the cheek and GPx showed a significant negative correlation. The hydration of the forehead and serum copper showed a significant negative correlation, and the hydration of the forehead and GPx showed a significant positive correlation. The hydration of the chin and serum SOD showed a significant positive correlation. With these results, it is considered that the basic condition of nutritional status can affect the skin health.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the irritation of the prodigiosin isolated from Zooshikella rubidus on the skin and eyes in New Zealand white rabbits. The tests were performed on the basis of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines. Prodigiosin induced severe eye irritation at high concentration (0.5 g/site/ml) but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.3 mg/sitel ml). The primary irritation index was calculated from higher concentration (0.5 g/site/ml) to lower concentration (0.3 mg/site/ml). There were found non-irritation or induced mild irritation at lower concentration of prodigiosin application. On the basis of this study, it could be concluded that the prodigiosin may be non-irritant to mild irritant of usual application at lower concentration (0.3 mg/site) resulting it is safe and useful in dyeing technology of fabrics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.212-216
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• 2011

In traditional medicines, Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang-sasim-tang extracts were known to effects of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. To investigate the safety evaluation of skin, these extracts were measured to skin safety testing such as primary skin irritation test, eye irritation test and skin sensitization test. The results of the primary skin irritation test and eye irritation test in vitro showed that these extracts included in the nonirritating area. Skin sensitization test results by Guinea Pig Maximization (GPMA) indicated that there was no allergy reaction. Therefore, Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang-sasim-tang extracts were very safe in every safety test of skin. These results suggests that Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang- sasim-tang extracts in 1 % concentration can be useful cosmetic ingredients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2016

Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (MVE) is designed to accumulate within mitochondria and is applied to decrease mitochondrial oxidative damage. However, the protective effects of MVE in skin cells have not been identified. We investigated the protective effect of MVE against UVB in dermal fibroblasts and immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, we studied the wound-healing effect of MVE in animal models. We found that MVE increased the proliferation and survival of fibroblasts at low concentration (i.e., nM ranges). In addition, MVE increased collagen production and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase1. MVE also increased the proliferation and survival of HaCaT cells. UVB increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts and HaCaT cells, while MVE decreased ROS production at low concentration. In an animal experiment, MVE accelerated wound healing from laser-induced skin damage. These results collectively suggest that low dose MVE protects skin from UVB irradiation. Therefore, MVE can be developed as a cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.980-986
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• 1999

This study was done to ivestigate the fabrics thatminimized harmfulness of UVB(ultraviolet B) and that might product Vit. {{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} by UVB. Twelve female subjects wearing in three different types i.e fabric A(UVB 100% protection) fabric B(UVB 50% protection) and bikinii were exposed to outdoor environment (Air Temp : 25℃, 42% R,H Air velocity : 0.13m/s UV does :6KJ/m2) Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the after the experiment in order to examine concentration of vit.{{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} in the blood. During the experiment axillary temperature skin temperature of 7 areas(forehead Chest Upper arm, Hand Thigh Lower leg, Foot) were measured. The more irradiated areas by UVB were the more the concentration of serum 25(OH){{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} were significantly. Mean skin temperature was significantly low levekl in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001) Axillary temperature was significantly high level in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001). Therefore the fabric of UVB 50% protection intercepts the radiation and has advantage to give off body heat over other fabrics