• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1751-1758
• /
• 2012

Capillary blood sampling on the forearm reduces pain caused by skin puncture. The present study compared the blood glucose test results performed at different sampling sites of the forearm, finger, and vein to evaluate clinical validity of this alternative site blood sampling technique. Subjects numbered 555 including 61 diabetic patients participated to measure the glucose concentration on the finger ($G_F$) and the forearm ($G_A$) with a portable glucometer under overnight fasting state. Then, the venous glucose concentration ($G_V$) was measured in 514 subjects in less than 1 hour. The test results were analyzed by simple linear regression, intraclass correlation, and Passing-Bablok regression techniques. $G_A$ was highly correlated with $G_F$ or $G_V$ showing the correlation coefficients (r) of approximately 0.97 (P<0.0001) in the normal group. The patient group also resulted similarly high correlation with only slightly lower r value. The mean differences in glucose concentration were less than ${\pm}10mg/dL$ regardless of the sampling sites. Intraclass correlation coefficients were slightly smaller than r but very much similar in value in both groups. The 95% confidence intervals of the slope as well as the intercept in the Passing-Bablok regression analysis were < ${\pm}20%$ and < ${\pm}20mg/dL$, respectively, which were within the clinically acceptable ranges. These three statistical techniques introduced in the present study well demonstrated the consistency of $G_A$ with $G_F$ and $G_V$. Therefore, the forearm blood glucose test could be considered as clinically valid under fasting condition.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제63권1호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2020

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease that is accompanied by hyper proliferation of the epidermis, erythema of various sizes, and ulceration. However, the mechanism of the development of psoriasis dermatitis is unclear. Recently, it is known that the inflammatory cytokines and Th17 cells as well as chemokine (CC motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) are involved in the process of keratinocytes hyper-differentiation, which is common in psoriasis dermatitis. Therefore, we studied the effects of yakuchinone-A, an active ingredient of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel known for its anti-inflammatory activity, to improve psoriasis dermatitis. First, cytotoxicity of yakuchinone-A was observed in cell counting kit-8 assay and not observed in 10 ㎍/mL concentration on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Yakuchinone-A in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on HaCaT cells inhibited mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by up to 61.4±7.5, 23.6±1.5, 46.0±4.8%. CCL20, a chemokine that attracts immune cells such Th17 cells to the inflammation location, was also significantly suppressed by yakuchinone-A. In addition, IκB and STAT3 phosphorylation involved in the CCL20 expression was inhibited by yakuchinone-A in a concentration-dependent manner up to the level of 79.1±5.0, 80.8±2.3%. Furthermore, yakuchinone-A downregulated CCL20 mRNA expression level on IL-17A-activated HaCaT cells as a concentration-dependent manner. Based on these results, yakuchinone-A is expected to be developed as a new material for improving psoriasis dermatitis in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.766-778
• /
• 2019

In this study, Poria cocos bark were extracted by supercritical process, and anti-inflammatory, whitening, and antioxidant effects were measured in comparison with ethanol extract. Also, An effective percutaneous permeation method using a selected formulation of the extract and a drug delivery peptide was proposed. Pachymic acid, known as the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory compound of the ventricle, is an indicator component and the HPLC analysis shows that the supercritical extract of the pericardium is more than twice that of the Poria cocos bark extract. In order to confirm antioxidative effect of Bombyx mori, DPPH scavenging ability and ABTS scavenging ability test showed that the ethanol extract of Poria cocos Back had lower concentration than the supercritical extract of Poria cocos back. However, RAW 264.7 Measurements of Nitric oxide (NO) production in cells showed lower NO production at the same concentration than the Poria cocos back ethanol extract. In addition, after 72 hours of processing of $20{\mu}g/mL$ of the Poria cocos back extract in B16 melanoma cells, both the intracellular and extracellular melanin extract were effective and the supercritical extract was lower melanin content. No toxicity was observed at the concentration of $800{\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells used in NO production experiments. However, in B16 melanoma cells, even at $50{\mu}g/mL$, both Poria cocos back ethanol extract and supercritical extract showed a survival rate of less than 60%. The liposome formulation and drug delivery peptides were shown to be useful for percutaneous permeation of Supercritical Extract of Poria cocos back using a liposome formulation and a drug delivery peptide. it is expected that there will be great potential for development as a variety of cosmetic materials for Poria cocos back.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2014

This study has been conducted to investigate the treatment time and concentration of GA₃ solution dipping for labor saving in 'Campbell Early' grapevine. The rachis growth at harvest was reduced by GA₃ solution dipping before 5 days flowering, and increased significantly by GA₃ solution dipping treatment at full bloom and after 5 days full bloom. GA₃ 5, 10, 20 mg·L^-1 dipping treatment before 5 days flowering and GA₃ 20 mg·L^-1 treatment of full bloom and after 5 days full bloom showed a rachis twist phytotoxicity symptom. The optimum GA₃ concentrations for rachis growth promotion without phytotoxicity were 5 mg·L^-1 and 10 mg·L^-1. The degree of compact berry, bloom, skin color, SSC and acidity at harvest by GA₃ solution dipping treatment time between concentration were not different from those of control. But the fruit berry weight was decreased by before 5 days flowering treatment when compared with control. There were no differences in full bloom and after 5 days full bloom treatment. The occurrence percent of berry cracking at before 5 days flowering and after 5 days full bloom treatment were significantly increased by GA₃ treatment. The bitter rot occurrence of berry at harvest was not affected by GA₃ treatment. Total rachis length of fruit cluster was increased by full bloom and 5 days after full bloom treatment. The length of rachis increased without reference to them position at full bloom and 5 days after bloom treatment. Accordingly, GA₃ 5 mg·L^-1 solution dipping treatment at full bloom and 5 days after full bloom were can be effectively for rachis growth promotion.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2016

The tight junction, one of Intercellular junctions, performs a variety of biological functions by bonding adjacent cells, including the barrier function to control the movement of the electrolyte and water. Recent studies have revealed that unusual expression of tight junction-related genes have been shown to be related in cancer development and progression. Recently, there are many reports that control of tight junction proteins expression is closely related to the skin moisture. In this study, we are focusing on the regulating mechanism of tight junction-associated genes by the steviol and its derivatives. Steviol, used as a sweetner, is known to chemical compound isolated from stevia plant. The MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay was carried out in HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte cell line) in order to determine the cytotoxicity. As a result, while steviol showing cytotoxicity from $250{\mu}M$, steviol derivatives are not cytotoxic more than $250{\mu}M$ concentration. We have observed a change in the tight junction protein via quantitative real-time PCR. Claudin 8 among tight junction proteins is only significantly reduced up to 30% in the presence of steviol. In addition, cell migration was inhibited by steviol, not by stevioside and rebaudioside. Finally, we could observe that steviol, not stevioside and rebaudioside, is able to increase the skin barrier permeability through the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) measurements. These results suggest that the steviol and its derivatives are specifically acts on the tight junction related gene expression, but steviol derivatives are more suitable as a cosmetic material.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2009

The extract of Platycarya strobilacea is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer properties. We have reported that the ethyl acetate fraction of Platycarya strobilacea (PS-ET fraction) has high potential as an antioxidant agent (J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea 34(4) 275, 2008). In this study, antibacterial activity of the fraction and stability of the cream containing 0.2% PS-ET fraction were investigated for the application to cosmetics. Antibacterial activity of PS-ET fraction against various skin pathogenic bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pityrosporum ovale) was measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC values of PS-ET fraction on P. acnes, S. aureus, and P. ovale were 0.13%, 0.06% and 0.25%, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the fraction was the highest in the S. aureus. For the stability evaluation, pH and viscosity of the cream containing 0.2% PS-ET fraction were measured. The results showed that pH changes of the cream containing PS-ET fraction was lower than the control cream without PS-ET fraction. And the PS-ET fraction could repress the decrease of viscosity of the cream against sunlight treatment. These results suggest that the fraction of Platycarya strobilacea has high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria and could be added to improve the stability of cosmetic products.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.112-114
• /
• 2015

Purpose Vitamin D to Anti- Rickets both steroid compounds showing activity, By acting on bone tissue secretary and the key to maintain serum Ca homeostasis. The blood level of vitamin D is the largest in D3 that the concentration of the metabolite is reflected in the holding state of vitamin D in vivo. Sunlight to change the 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin and through the skin to D3, In the liver in combination with the D2 and D3 D4 changes. The Radioimmunoassay(RIA) method is measuring the D 3, the sensitivity can be measured also difficult trace substance to measure the normal test because it is very sensitive, but recently, a check is possible, for the Total D3 in Chemimicroparticle immunoassay(CMIA) or Chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA) measuring using microparticle RIA and CMIA(Architect i2000SR) / use the CLIA(DXI-800) method to compare and evaluate the correlation between the tests in the same test items. Materials and Methods Commissioned from January 2014 to March 2015 patients were enrolled in a total of 273 people. 29 out of 273 people conducted by RIA were compared with CMIA, 244 patients were compared with CLIA. Using reagents and equipment were used RIA(Diasource), CMIA(Architect i2000SR, Abbott Diagnostics) / CLIA( Unicel DXi-800, Beckman coulter). Results Correlation of the RIA and CLIA was a R2 = 0.1844 (y = 0.7303x + 3.9005), and the correlation of RIA CMIA is R2 = 0.2762 (y = 0.8862x + 4.56) respectively. (According to statistics, during the same period RIA is Deficiency 4.31%, Insufficiency 90.53%, Sufficiency 5.16%, was Excess 0%, CLIA / CMIA is Deficiency 17.02%, Insufficiency 75.91%, Sufficiency 7.03%, indicating the distribution of 0.03 % Excess) Conclusion Serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone that show an inverse relationship, the level above which are not parathyroid hormone and vitamin D reduced the increase. The density is different for each study, at most 20 is reported to be the maximum between 30 ng / ml. In Korea it requires a proposed standard of vitamin D deficiency, reference to the WHO lack the case more than 10ng/ml, 20ng/ml and defined by the lack of, if not more than, the IOM, but looking at 12ng/ml or less to the normal to lack, at least 20ng/ml, the reference do not match the deficit under 20ng/ml, 21-29ng/ml relative lack between, was also defined as a sufficient condition for more than 30ng/ml. Although not statistically is between RIA and CLIA two ways to vitamin D levels change according to season match, when seasonally seen in summer as commonly known (April to September), winter (October to March) relative to the increase measured than it was found. Finally, the study on the correlation between the two methods have been expected to result in a consistent and apply the same view high reference value on the graph is difficult. However, there may be differences between the test equipment and methods, and could be especially the case of RIA method using an organic solvent is difficult to compare different methods and correlated view similar trend in vitamin D deficiency and quarterly aspect ratio.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.270-280
• /
• 1983

Agar-gel Diffusion test (AGD), Counterimmunoelectrophoresis(CIEP) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) were examined with the sera of skin test positives for paragonimiasis. The crude antigen (Paragcnimus whole worm extracts: protein concentration, 7.56mg/m1) and human sera were used in AGD and CIEP. And in ELISA test, diluted antigen with 1:40, 000 of crude antigen and diluted sera with 1:100, 1:200 were used in the test. The positive identical ratio between AGD and CIEP reactions is 985 and negative identical ratio is 100%. One or three precipitin bands are observed in AGD. One to seven precipitin bands are also revealed in CIEP. Especially, deeply stained bands are observed in CIEP than those of AGD. The positive identical ratios between AGD and ELISA tests are 96% in 1:100 diluted sera, and 94% in 1:200 diluted sera. But the negative identical ratios between AGD and ELISA tests are 97% and 99% respectively in 1:100 and 1:200 diluted sera. The positive identical ratios between CIEP and ELIEA tests are 98% and 96% respectively in 1:100 and 1:200 diluted sera, but also 97% and 99% in 1:100 and 1:200. Control sera, such as clonorchiasis, amoebiasis and toxoplasmcsis, revealed all negatives with Paragonimus antigen in AGD, CIEP and ELISA tests. By above results, ELISA was mcst sensitive, next CIEP and AGD, But AGD test apprars to be more useful when used to crude antigen without cross rfacticn with other parasitic infections. CIEP test is basically equal in terms of precipitin reaction, but CIEP is able to be detected more sensitively and rapidly though less simple in handiwork than AGD. Consequently, three methods for inlmunological tests of paragonimiasis have gccd correlations with one another. Also, each of these has both merits and demerits in iymunolcgical test for paragonimiasis. But the ELISA test was proved to be the most sensitive and convenient tool for mass screening test, especially in cacti of using purified antigen.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.15-31
• /
• 2012

In our previous studies, the antioxidant, anti-aging, and antibacterial activities of Persicaria hydropipier L. extract, and the moisturizing effect of cream containing P. hydropipier extract were investigated. In this study, the cellular protective effects of P. hydropipier extract and isoquercitrin, main component from P. hydropipier in $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes and ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed HaCaT cells were investigated. Liposomes such as ethosome and elastic liposome for enhanced transdermal delivery were prepared. Size, loading efficiency, stability, and cumulative permeated amounts of ethosomes and elastic liposomes were evaluated. P. hydropipier extract and isoquercitrin showed more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as lipid antioxidant at $5{\mu}g/mL$. P. hydropipier extract didn't show any characteristics of cytotoxicity at $50{\mu}g/mL$. When HaCaT cells were exposed to a single large dose ($400mJ/cm^2$) of UVB, the extract protected the cells against UVB radiation in a concentration dependent manner ($12.5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). Cell viability of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB $400mJ/cm^2$ was increased by treatment with P. hydropipier extract or isoquercitrin from 36 % (cell viability of positve control groups) to 90 % (cell viability of P. hydropipier extract or isoquercitrin- treated groups). The size of 0.04 % P. hydropiper extract loaded ethosomes was 173.0 nm and the loading efficiency was 55.58 %. 0.04 % P. hydropiper extract loaded ethosomes were stable with as monodisperse particles for 1 week. The ethosome exhibited more skin permeability than general liposome and ethanol solution. The optimal ratio of lipid to surfactant ($Tego^{(R)}$ care 450) of 0.1 % P. hydropiper extract loaded elastic liposomes was observed to be 95 : 5. Vesicle size of 0.1 % P. hydropiper extract loaded elastic liposome was 176.5 nm. The deformability index of the elastic liposome was 16.4. The loading efficiency was 68.8 %. The elastic liposome containing P. hydropiper extract showed more skin permeability than liposome without surfactant ($Tego^{(R)}$ care 450).

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.419-426
• /
• 2009

The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of acid-soluble and pepsin-solubilizable shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) collagens (SC) (ASSC: acid-soluble shark skin collagen, ASMC: acid-soluble shark meat collagen, PSSC: pepsin-solubilizable shark skin collagen, PSMC: pepsin-solubilizable shark meat collagen) and standard marine collagen (STMC) as materials, and the ability of these materials to inhibit tyrosinase and elastase, were investigated. The electron-donating ability of SC ($1{\sim}5\;g/mL$) was $14.91{\sim}17.21%$, which was $3.0{\sim}3.6$-fold higher than that of STMC at the same concentration. Also, the SOD(superoxide dismutase)-like activity of SC (5.80 mg/mL) was $4.67{\sim}37.28%$, thus $3.0{\sim}3.6$-fold greater than that of STMC. The MIC values of SC against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis were $5{\mu}g$/disc, which were remarkably lower than that of STMC ($200{\mu}g$/disc). There was no antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli in STMC, but the MIC against E. coli was $200{\mu}g$/disc for acid-soluble SC and $100{\mu}g$/disc for pepsin-solubilizable SC. The inhibition of tyrosinase by SC (3-5 mg/mL) was $58.95{\sim}98.16%$, $3.34{\sim}3.74$-fold higher than that of STMC ($17.67{\sim}26.25%$). Also, elastase inhibition by SC (at 1 mg/mL) was $53.33{\sim}80.0%$, $1.1{\sim}4.0$-fold greater than that of STMC. These results indicated that shark collagens may be valuable new functional materials owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and because the inhibitory activities against elastase and tyrosinase are better than those of standard marine collagen.