• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.641-648
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• 2001

A face detection in color images is important for many multimedia applications. It is first step for face recognition and can be used for classifying specific shorts. This paper describes a new method to detect faces in color images based on the skin color and hair color. This paper presents a fuzzy-based method for classifying skin color region in a complex background under varying illumination. The Fuzzy rule bases of the fuzzy system are generated using training method like a genetic algorithm(GA). We find the skin color region and hair color region using the fuzzy system and apply the convex-hull to each region and find the face from their intersection relationship. To validity the effectiveness of the proposed method, we make experiment with various cases.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1095-1103
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• 2016

We present a method for transferring deformation weights of a human character to three-dimensional (3D) scanned clothes. First, clothing vertices are projected onto a character skin. Their deformation weights are determined from the barycentric coordinates of the projection points. For more complicated parts, such as shoulders and armpits, continuously moving planes are constructed and employed as projection reference planes. Clothing vertices on a plane are projected onto the intersection curve of the plane with a character skin to achieve a smooth weight transfer. The proposed method produces an initial deformation for physically based clothing simulations. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our method through several deformation results for 3D scanned clothes.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

Background: When a skin defect occurs, clinicians must work to restore the original skin quality as soon as possible. Accordingly, an artificial dermis can be used to supplement the wound and prevent severe scar contracture formation. The Terudermis is an artificial dermis that is simple and easy to use. We investigated the effectiveness of the Terudermis in the treatment of facial skin defects by analyzing previous relevant cases treated in our institution. Methods: We retrospectively examined 143 patients who were treated with the Terudermis graft in facial skin defect at Dong Kang General Hospital in 2015 and 2016. The patients' age, sex and location, wound size, complications were analyzed. In addition, the patients were asked to complete a self-satisfaction questionnaire after 18 months from the completion of treatment. The results were compared with that of autologous full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) and split-thickness skin graft (STSG) patients in same period. Results: The mean self-satisfaction scores evaluated by patients were $4.1{\pm}1.0$, $4.0{\pm}1.3$ and $3.5{\pm}1.8$ for the Terudermis graft, FTSG and STSG patients, respectively. With respect to complications, there were fewer incidences of hematoma, partial skin loss and complete skin loss in the Terudermis graft patients. Conclusion: In the present study, the Terudermis, when used to treat post-traumatic facial skin defects, is a good alternative option to obtain satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. Also, the Terudermis grafting is a simple and easy treatment method to perform.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of some decontamination agents against skin contamination of $^{60}Co$ and $^{137}Cs$, the experiments were carried out in this study. In the experiments, pig skin was used instead of human skin , $^{60}CoC1_2$ and $^{137}CsCl$ were used the liquid sources of skin contamination. To examine the effectiveness of decontamination agents, skin decontamination was tried using soup, EDTA, KAERICON which was developed for decontamination of radionulides on the surface of building structure, and new decontamination agents such as IOCON, TRICON, and CHARCON, which were developed in this study. The absorption of radionuclides through the skin was evaluated by the gamma-tay detection on the surface of sample skin after radionuclides were penetrated into the skin during 16 hour soiling time. The results of this absorption experiment indicated that 11.5% and 3.2% of initial amounts of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$, respectively, were panerated into the skin. In the experiment to remove the residual radioactivity fixed on the skin, KAERICON showed the decontamination rates up to 52.1%(decontamination factor of 2.1) and IOCON showed the equivalent decontamination rate (decontamination factor 1.9) for $^{137}Cs$. However, IOCON and CHARCON showed the poor decontamination rates of less than 20%(decontamination factor of 1.2) for $^{60}Co$, and KAERICON showed the poor decontamination rate (decontamination factor 1.1) for $^{60}Co$. For TRICON, the decontamination factors were 1.6 to 1.8 for $^{137}Cs$, and 1.0 to 1.2 for $^{60}Co$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

In this paper, we empirically compare the effectiveness of training models to recognize beauty-related skin disease using supervised deep learning algorithms. Recently, deep learning algorithms are being actively applied for various fields such as industry, education, and medical. For instance, in the medical field, the ability to diagnose cutaneous cancer using deep learning based artificial intelligence has improved to the experts level. However, there are still insufficient cases applied to disease related to skin beauty. This study experimentally compares the effectiveness of identifying beauty-related skin disease by applying deep learning algorithms, considering CNN, ResNet, and SE-ResNet. The experimental results using these training models show that the accuracy of CNN is 71.5% on average, ResNet is 90.6% on average, and SE-ResNet is 95.3% on average. In particular, the SE-ResNet-50 model, which is a SE-ResNet algorithm with 50 hierarchical structures, showed the most effective result for identifying beauty-related skin diseases with an average accuracy of 96.2%. The purpose of this paper is to study effective training and methods of deep learning algorithms in consideration of the identification for beauty-related skin disease. Thus, it will be able to contribute to the development of services used to treat and easy the skin disease.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tree-spray of calcium formate compound extracted from oyster shell with several active agents on the calcium concentration, fruit skin shape and quality of 'Fuji' apple. The tree-spray of calcium formate compound extracted from oyster shell (Os-CaF, $52.4\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) appeared to have more effectiveness on the calcium translocation into leaves, fruit skin and flesh than control. Addition of adjuvants to Os-CaF increased calcium concentration of 'Fuji' apple when sprayed three times before harvest. Among the active agents examined, the treatment ascorbic acid and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) in leaves, Ag-colloidal and PVA in fruit skin, ascorbic acid, Ag-colloidal, and PVA in fruit flesh exhibited highest effectiveness. Fruit qualities (fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids, acidity and Hunter value) were not affect by Os-CaF on different concentrations and solutions of active agents.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2018

Background Skin grafting is a commonly performed operation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The tie-over dressing is an effective technique to secure the grafted skin by delivering persistent downward pressure. However, if an additional dressing is required due to incomplete graft healing, the process of re-implementing the tie-over dressing may be frustrating for both patients and surgeons. Therefore, we introduce the double tie-over dressing, which readily allows for an additional tie-over dressing after the first dressing, and we present a comparison of its effectiveness with that of the simpler bolster dressing. Methods Of 128 patients with a skin defect, 69 received a double tie-over dressing and 59 patients received a simple bolster dressing. Using the independent t-test, the mean healing time, which was defined as the mean time it took for the wound to heal completely so that no additional dressing was required and it was washable with tap water, was compared between the 2 groups in both the head and neck region and in other areas. Results The mean healing time for the head and neck region in the double tie-over dressing group was $9.19{\pm}1.78days$, while it was $11.05{\pm}3.85days$ in the bolster dressing group. The comparison of the 2 groups by the independent t-test revealed a P-value of 0.003 for the mean healing time. Conclusions In the head and neck area, the double tie-over dressing required less time to heal than the simple bolster dressing.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2020

Background: Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) have been widely used after facial skin cancer resection, for correcting defects that are too wide to be reconstructed using a local flap or if structural deformation is expected. The preauricular, posterior auricular, supraclavicular, conchal bowl, nasolabial fold, and upper eyelid skin areas are known as the main donor sites for facial FTSG. Herein, we aimed to describe the effectiveness of using infraclavicular skin as the donor site for specific cases. Methods: We performed FTSG using the infraclavicular skin as the donor site in older Asian adults following skin cancer resection. Outcomes were observed for > 6 months postoperatively. The Manchester Scar Scale was used for an objective evaluation of satisfaction following surgery and scarring. Results: We analyzed the data of 17 patients. During follow-up, the donor and recipient sites of all patients healed without complications. Upon evaluation, the average Manchester Scar Scale scores for the recipient and donor sites were 7.4 points and 5.7 points, respectively. Conclusion: In general, conventional donor sites, such as the preauricular, posterior auricular, and supraclavicular sites, are widely used for facial FTSG because they achieve good cosmetic results. However, the infraclavicular skin may be a useful donor for facial FTSG in cases where the duration of time spent under anesthesia must be minimized due to a patient's advanced age or underlying health conditions, or when the recipient site is relatively thick area, such as the nose, forehead, or cheek.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2020

This paper presents our clinical experiences for reconstruction of the linear depressed postburn scar band by rhombus subcutaneous pedicle skin flap (RSPF). We report new RSPF, it's versatility, and effectiveness for correction of the mild to moderate linear depressed postburn scar band. To correct the postburn scar band, we have newly designed the Rhombus Subcutaneous Pedicle Skin Flap (RSPF), which is made as rhombus-shaped skin flap on the inside of scar band. After excision of burn scar band, the each vertex of RSPF flap is advanced into the skin defects at apex of extended skin incision, which is starting from the upper and lower portion of the removed burn scar band at a near right angle. This flap can add more extra skin to adjacent superior and inferior area of excised scar band. We have experienced 2 cases of RSPF for reconstruction of linear depressed postburn scar band deformities in lower extremity. After 3 weeks to 3 months postoperative follow ups, relatively satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. We had successfully reconstructed the linear depressed postburn scar postburn band of lower extremity using the rhombus subcutaneous pedicle skin flap. For the correction of mild to moderate sized linear depressed postburn scar band deformities in extremity, the RSPF is simple, and very effective without donor morbidity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

Objectives : Acne is a common disease that affects more than 70% of adolescents. Acne patients have a poor quality of life compared to patients with other skin diseases. We tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of acne treatment using cleansing soap which is easily used in daily life. Methods : We selected 20 students with acne symptoms on their facial skin. We made herbal Cp (Cold process) soaps using Seosiokyongsan, Kyungohkgo, Hwangryunhaedoktang and Baeksoooh and distributed them to experiment participants. We let them wash their face in the morning and evening for 6 weeks using herbal Cp soap. Prior to the experiment, their skin condition was checked and assessed using A-ONE Smart One-Click Automatic Facial Diagnosis System three times at 3-week intervals. Acne status was classified into 6 stages according to KAGS and acne status was also measured 3 times in total. After the experiment, the changes of skin were analyzed through facial analysis test. Results : Based on the KAGS classification, the condition of acne has improved as a whole. The state of moisture was gradually increased and the state of skin oil was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of using soap compared to before using soap. Conclusions : Cp soaps made from four kinds of herbal medicine are believed to improve the condition of acne by increasing the moisture of the facial skin and decreasing the skin oil content.