• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2005

A series of reinforced G109 type specimens was fabricated and pended with a 15 weight percent NaCl solution. Mix design variables included 1) two cement alkalinities (equivalent alkalinities of 0.32 and 1.08), 2) w/c 0.50 and 3) two rebar surface conditions (as-received and wire-brushed). Potential and macro-cell current between top and bottom bars were monitored to determine corrosion initiation time. Once corrosion was initiated, the specimen was ultimately autopsied to perform visual inspection, and the procedure included determination of the number and size of air voids along the top half of the upper steel surface. This size determination was based upon a diameter measurement assuming the air voids to be half spheres or ellipse. The followings were reached based upon the visual inspection of G109 specimens that were autopsied to date. First, voids at the steel-concrete interface facilitated passive film breakdown and onset of localized corrosion. Based upon this, the initiation mechanism probably involved a concentration cell with contiguous concrete coated and bare steel serving as cathodes and anodes, respectively. Second, the corrosion tended to initiate at relatively large voids. Third, specimens with wire-brushed steel had a lower number of voids at the interface for both cement alkalinities, suggesting that air voids preferentially formed on the rough as-received surface compared to the smooth wire brushed one.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2016

The prototype SFR has currently been under design by KAERI. The size of its major components is much larger than that of APR1400 and high temperature materials are applied for it. The increased size of components and those specific materials effect on material procurement, manufacturing process and fabrication facilities. The manufacturing methods are studied for Reactor Vessel/Guard Vessel, Control Rod Drive Mechanism, Heat Exchanger, Primary Pump, Reactor Vessel Internals, Steam Generator and In-Vessel Transfer Machine. The proper manufacturing methods are suggested for each component including side forging technology for ultra large forgings of Reactor Vessel to minimize the weld seams on which In-service Inspection should be conducted.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

Purpose. Scheduled calibration of refractive error's have various refractive surgery, and a side effect of post refractive surgery for refractive errors's before refractive surgery, by analyzing the eye condition of the refractive error's good state, it tries to increase the satisfaction of refractive error's refractive surgery. Methods. In response to 60 people preoperative data 20-30 generations of age, were analyzed for eye conditions. Results. IOP, thickness of the cornea, liquid leakage amount inspection, the corneal endothelium inspection, the size of the pupil, have been conducted auto refraction test and showed a numerical value in most normal range. Conclusion. Surgery can be of individual differences of patients, it is difficult to define the full normal range, to the surgery based on the case of this study, the side effects of patients after surgery is expected to be prevention.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2004

사회가 발전함에 따라 시민들은 콘크리트 구조물의 해체에 있어 안전하고, 경제적이며, 환경친화적인 공법의 적용을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 해체공법의 문제점을 검토하여 환경오염의 주원인인 냉각수와 슬러지를 최소화 할 수 있는 공법을 개발하였으며, 개발된 공법의 타당성은 유한요소해석을 통하여 확인하였다. 천공개수, 깊이, 크기, 그리고 자중을 변수로 선정하여 다양한 경우에 대한 비교 분석을 수행하였으며, 자중에 따른 최적의 천공개수, 천공깊이, 천공크기를 제시하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Alpha track analysis for the determination of the trace amount of alpha emitting nuclides in a very small particle was performed as an efficient and powerful technique during safeguard inspection. Metal particles with well-defined spherical shape, size and isotopic compositions as a reference material were used to correlate the number of tracks or track diameter with an isotopic composition eventually to identify the uranium enrichment in the environmental swipe samples. Slopes in the number of tracks versus the exposure time curve provide a simple insight into the uranium enrichment of an unknown particle. Low enriched uranium metal particles result in slopes still steeper than the depleted or natural uranium metal particles. In addition, a linear relationship between track diameter and particle size Is thought to be a useful first stage analytical tool as an efficient and convenient inspection guide. The significance of the simple linear model was also judged using the usual statistical tests.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.821-841
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• 2015

This paper proposes a two-stage imaging approach for quantitative inspection of damages in metallic plates using the fundamental anti-symmetric mode of ($A_0$) Lamb wave. The proposed approach employs a number of transducers to transmit and receive $A_0$ Lamb wave pulses, and hence, to sequentially scan the plate structures before and after the presence of damage. The approach is applied to image the corrosion damages, which are simplified as a reduction of plate thickness in this study. In stage-one of the proposed approach a damage location image is reconstructed by analyzing the cross-correlation of the wavelet coefficient calculated from the excitation pulse and scattered wave signals for each transducer pairs to determine the damage location. In stage-two the Lamb wave diffraction tomography is then used to reconstruct a thickness reduction image for evaluating the size and depth of the damage. Finite element simulations are carried out to provide a comprehensive verification of the proposed imaging approach. A number of numerical case studies considering a circular transducer network with eight transducers are used to identify the damages with different locations, sizes and thicknesses. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to accurately identify the damage locations with inaccuracy of the order of few millimeters of a circular inspection area of $100mm^2$ and provide a reasonable estimation of the size and depth of the damages.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.657-666
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• 2020

A rotational pulse-echo ultrasonic propagation imager that can inspect cylindrical specimens for material nondestructive evaluations is proposed herein. In this system, a laser-generated ultrasonic bulk wave is used for inspection, which enables a clear visualization of subsurface defects with a precise reproduction of the damage shape and size. The ultrasonic waves are generated by a Q-switched laser that impinges on the outer surface of the specimen walls. The generated waves travel through the walls and their echo is detected by a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) at the same point. To obtain the optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the measured signal, the LDV requires the sensed surface to be at a right angle to the laser beam and at a predefined constant standoff distance from the laser head. For flat specimens, these constraints can be easily satisfied by performing a raster scan using a dual-axis linear stage. However, this arrangement cannot be used for cylindrical specimens owing to their curved nature. To inspect the cylindrical specimens, a circular scan technology is newly proposed for pulse-echo laser ultrasound. A rotational stage is coupled with a single-axis linear stage to inspect the desired area of the specimen. This system arrangement ensures that the standoff distance and beam incidence angle are maintained while the cylindrical specimen is being inspected. This enables the inspection of a curved specimen while maintaining the optimal SNR. The measurement result is displayed in parallel with the on-going inspection. The inspection data used in scanning are mapped from rotational coordinates to linear coordinates for visualization and post-processing of results. A graphical user interface software is implemented in C++ using a QT framework and controls all the individual blocks of the system and implements the necessary image processing, scan calculations, data acquisition, signal processing and result visualization.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

렌즈 왜곡현상은 비전 시스템에 있어 필연적인 현상이며 가격과 시스템의 크기를 줄이기 위한 렌즈의 선택으로 왜곡현상은 점점 더 심해지고 있다. 이와 같은 추세로 왜곡보정의 필요성은 중대한 문제가 되고 있지만 기존의 카메라 모델을 이용한 왜곡보정 방식은 복잡하고 많은 연산이 필요한 문제점이 있다. 비전 검사에서 디지털 이미지의 효과적인 왜곡 보정은 물체 탐지 및 인식의 전제 조건이다. 복잡한 모델링, 대규모 계산과 한계 정보 손실 같은 전통적인 왜곡 보정 알고리즘의 결점을 극복하기위해 본 논문에서는 사진측량적 기법을 보정 기법으로 이용하였다. 이 방법은 표준 격자 배열의 이미지를 이용하여 왜곡 이미지를 보정하는 방법으로, 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 ALC 블럭의 검사 시스템에 실험한 결과 약 4ms의 처리시간을 단축하였으며, 사람의 육안에 의한 검사보다 검사의 에러율이 2.3% 줄어들었다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 추계학술대회지
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• pp.197-202
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• 2005

일반적으로 수 마이크로 단위로 계측되는 반도체의 검사 정밀도를 높이기 위해서는 라인스캔 카메라가 이용된다. 그러나 불량 검사는 스캔속도와 조명조건에 매우 민감하기 때문에 정확한 경계 검출 알고리즘이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 반도체 칩의 범프 불량 검출의 정확성을 높이기 위해서 서브픽셀을 적용한 경계 검출을 제안하였다. 범프 에지는 범프 중심점에서 네 방향으로 1차 도함수에 의해서 검출되고 서브픽셀 방법으로 정확한 에지 위치를 찾는다. 그리고 범프 돌기, 범프 브리지, 범프 변색에 의해 범프 크기가 변할 수 있기 때문에 에러를 최소화하기 위해서 최소자승법을 이용하여 정확한 범프 경계를 구한다. 실험 결과 제안된 방법은 기존의 다른 경계 검출 알고리즘에 비하여 커다란 성능향상을 보였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2012

To protect aquatic animal health of importing countries from the potential risks associated with exotic diseases introduced through international trade of live aquatic animals, inspection of designated commodities at ports of entry is a critical component of the safeguarding system. The only way to be 100% confident that no fishes in a shipment are infected with a specific agent is to test every fish in the commodity imported with a perfect diagnostic test. For the majority of cases, this is unrealistic since the group of interest may very large particularly for aquatic animals, or imperfect tests are often available. It is, therefore, more common to test a fixed proportion of a group by preplanned sampling schemes. However, decision making based on results of testing the sample can provide quite a chance that infected groups may be misclassified as uninfected, depending on sampling strategy employed. The objective of this study was to determine the possibility that one or more fishes in the group imported being infected but tests negative after inspecting samples. This question is critical to government authorities to examine whether sampling plan is sufficient to achieve the purpose intended for. At fixed population size, the maximum number of infected fishes when all tests negative was decreased as the sampling fraction increased. The probability of including at least one undetected but infected fish in a group for negative tests increased with the number of fish tested or true prevalence. The risk was much lesser where high sensitivity test was assumed; when increasing test sensitivity from 0.9 to 0.99, this risk was dramatically reduced to about a tenth or a fourth for prevalence ranges from 2 to 10%, given sample size ranges from 10 to 200. Based on the preliminary analysis, the author concluded that current sampling plan testing 4-8% of the import proposal for human consumption still can yield high false negative results. Therefore, from the quarantine inspection point of view, an enforced commodity-specific sampling design that accounts for the cost of testing with an imperfect test at the specified design prevalence is urgent.