• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.329-342
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the issues which how situational constraints of negotiation affect outcomes. To achieve the purpose of this research, a multiple regression model was set up to identify the relationships between situational constraints of negotiation and negotiation outcome on international trade contracts. To implement the study, empirical questionnaires were collected from Korean business men who have actually conducted international trade with foreign firms. Reliability analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of research variables. and multiple regression analysis were used for testing the relationships between situational constraints of negotiation and negotiation outcome. From this study, following results were identified; i) situational constraints of negotiation effects on negotiation outcomes ii) arbitrary and continuous situations affect significantly positive on negotiation outcomes iii) submissive situations affect significantly negative effects on negotiation outcomes In conclusion, participant of negotiation and their managers try to promote negotiation situation toward to arbitrary and continuous situations if they have any availability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.233-244
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of situational involvement on impulse buying of clothing products in cable TV home shopping. Data were obtained from 235 women aged between 20 and 50 living in Seoul metropolitan area who have bought apparel products on impulse through cable TV. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, MANOVA, and Chi-square analysis. By factor analysis, two factors of situational involvement factors were identified: Emotional Involvement and Cognitive Involvement. Based on situational involvement, consumers were classified into four groups; High Involvement, Low Involvement, Cognitive Involvement, and Emotional Involvement groups. These groups showed different decision making styles. The situational involvement groups were also different in terms of demographic characteristics, purchase behaviors, types of impulse purchase products, and responses to marketing stimuli. The findings of this study provide useful information for retails of Cable TV home shopping. Retailers may need to make useful marketing efforts for each types of situational involvement.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly needed as they can replace manned aircrafts in dangerous military missions. However, because of their low autonomy, current UAVs can execute missions only under continuous operator control. To overcome this limitation, higher autonomy levels of UAVs based on autonomous situational awareness is required. In this paper, we propose an autonomous situational awareness software consisting of situation awareness management, threat recognition, threat identification, and threat space analysis to detect dynamic situational change by external threats. We implemented the proposed software in real mission computer hardware and evaluated the performance of situational awareness toward dynamic radar threats in flight simulations.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2015

An algorithm to automatically extract coordinate and time information from optical observation data of geostationary orbit satellites (GEO satellites) or geosynchronous orbit satellites (GOS satellites) is developed. The optical wide-field patrol system is capable of automatic observation using a pre-arranged schedule. Therefore, if this type of automatic analysis algorithm is available, daily unmanned monitoring of GEO satellites can be possible. For data acquisition for development, the COMS1 satellite was observed with 1-s exposure time and 1-m interval. The images were grouped and processed in terms of "action", and each action was composed of six or nine successive images. First, a reference image with the best quality in one action was selected. Next, the rest of the images in the action were geometrically transformed to fit in the horizontal coordinate system (expressed in azimuthal angle and elevation) of the reference image. Then, these images were median-combined to retain only the possible non-moving GEO candidates. By reverting the coordinate transformation of the positions of these GEO satellite candidates, the final coordinates could be calculated.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.111-128
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• 2022

This study tried to verify the effect of situational consumer animosity on consumer attitudes and behaviors with the moderating effect of cultural internalization. For this purpose, 460 valid survey data were collected from Koreans. The causal and regulatory relationships between the variables were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis using AMOS with the collected data. It was confirmed that the national situational animosity had a negative effect on quality evaluation, while personal situational animosity did not. Also, the positive relationship between quality evaluation and purchase intention was confirmed. In addition, it was found that internalization of individual culture moderates the effect of quality evaluation on purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 2021

The topic of this paper was analyzed as "t -test" and "multiple regression analysis" for 303 helicopter pilot trainees from aviation schools in the county for "improvement of education through correlation analysis of helicopter pilots' situational awareness and education satisfaction." In addition to the factors for overcoming situational awareness and situational awareness, the level of satisfaction of the instructor and the level of satisfaction of the learning management system (LMS) is the confidence interval p<.05, 95%. It was analyzed to be significant at the level of 05, 95%. Therefore, it was analyzed that in order to improve the "quality of the instructor" in future education, institutional supplementation and "learning management system (LMS)" need to be established including VR and AR so that pilot trainees can use it at all times.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the effect of situational, transformational, and transactional leadership on the firm survival of restaurants distribution in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the existing literature, situational, transformational, and transactional leadership are the origin of firm performance leading to firm survival. Therefore, situational, transformational, and transactional leadership were the critical factors in creating the firm implementation of restaurants distribution in Thailand. Research design, data, and methodology: The sample consisted of 400 restaurants in Thailand, and the statistical approach for data analysis was an ordinary least-squares regression. The study analyzed the response bias, validity, and reliability. Results: Significantly, these findings firmly revealed that situational, transformational, and transactional leadership primarily positively affected firm performance. However, the uncertain environmental conditions had a moderate impact, resulting in a negative correlation between the three leadership styles and the company's performance. Conclusions: Despite the COVID-19 situation in Thailand, the research findings show no significant positive correlation between the performance of restaurants distribution and their survival as a business due to the COVID-19 pandemic is rare for firms to endure and survive, including restaurants distribution in Thailand. In conclusion, we have presented practical and theoretical ideas and recommendations for future research.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

This study examined the influences of cognitive conflict and non-cognitive variables induced by a discrepant event on process of conceptual change, and the processes that a discrepant event lead to situational interest. Seventh graders participated in this study. A preconception test was administered to select students possessing misconceptions about density. The tests of cognitive response and situational interest to a discrepant event were administered. After learning with a CAl program, the tests assessing attention and effort allocated to the CAl, and conceptual understanding were also administered. A path analysis revealed that cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event caused situational interest, which in turn increased attention and/or effort and thus, resulted in conceptual change. The results of the path analysis on the processes in which a discrepant event led to situational interest suggested that novelty may be a primary source of situational interest. Novelty influenced situational interest directly as well as through attention demand, exploration intention, and instant enjoyment. Moreover, novelty exerted a direct effect on challenge, which in turn had negative effects on instant enjoyment directly as well as through cognitive conflict, and thus, decreased situational interest. However, the path coefficients of the latter were relatively smaller than those of the former. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.536-548
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• 1994

The puprpose of this study were to investigate the conceptual framework of situational variables on clothing types, to find out the relationship between situational variables and personality characteristics, and to determine the effects of situational variables on clothing purchase types. A Questionnaire was developed based on the previous studies. Data was collected from 530 women living Pusan and analyzed by the factor analysis, person correlation, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as following; Communication situations and purchasing situations were found out to be different on clothing purchase types. In planning purchase, consumers were affected by printed and tele-communication information search and were affected by interpersonal information search in unplanning purchase. In impulseing purchase, consumers were affected by store information search. It was found out that consumers with high rational clothing involvements were affected by only the purchasing situations when they would buy clothing, but consumers with high emotional clothing involvements were affected by the communication situations as well as the purchase situations. Consumers with high self monitoring traits were not affected by the communication situations and mostly the purchasing situations. Results showed that the purchasing situation was the most significant variables in clothing purchase behavior, communication situating or purchasing situations were differently influenced on clothing purchase types.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-302
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• 2017

The key risk analysis technologies for the re-entry of space objects into Earth's atmosphere are divided into four categories: cataloguing and databases of the re-entry of space objects, lifetime and re-entry trajectory predictions, break-up models after re-entry and multiple debris distribution predictions, and ground impact probability models. In this study, we focused on reentry prediction, including orbital lifetime assessments, for space situational awareness systems. Re-entry predictions are very difficult and are affected by various sources of uncertainty. In particular, during uncontrolled re-entry, large spacecraft may break into several pieces of debris, and the surviving fragments can be a significant hazard for persons and properties on the ground. In recent years, specific methods and procedures have been developed to provide clear information for predicting and analyzing the re-entry of space objects and for ground-risk assessments. Representative tools include object reentry survival analysis tool (ORSAT) and debris assessment software (DAS) developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), spacecraft atmospheric re-entry and aerothermal break-up (SCARAB) and debris risk assessment and mitigation analysis (DRAMA) developed by European Space Agency (ESA), and semi-analytic tool for end of life analysis (STELA) developed by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). In this study, various surveys of existing re-entry space objects are reviewed, and an efficient re-entry prediction technique is suggested based on STELA, the life-cycle analysis tool for satellites, and DRAMA, a re-entry analysis tool. To verify the proposed method, the re-entry of the Tiangong-1 Space Lab, which is expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere shortly, was simulated. Eventually, these results will provide a basis for space situational awareness risk analyses of the re-entry of space objects.