• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1978

저자는 1970년부터 1975년까지 6 년갑에 걸쳐 부산지역 국민학교 학생들의 신체발육상태를 평가하고져 무작위로 추출한 부산시 모 국민학교 학생 656명(남 374, 여 282)을 대상으로 그들의 실제 신체체격 측정을 통하여 과거 6 년 동안의 신체발육상태를 조사 분석하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. (1) 신장의 연간 최대성장연령은 남자$7{\sim}8$세 (5.9cm), 여자 $10{\sim}11$세 (6.5cm)이었고 남녀 신장발육곡선은 $10{\sim}11$세에서 서로 교차하였다. (2) 체중의 연간 최대성장연령은 남자 $9{\sim}10$세(3.1kg), 여자 $10{\sim}11$세 (3.9kg)이었고 남녀체중발육 곡선은 $10{\sim}11$세에서 서로 교차하였다. (3) 흉위의 연간 최대성장연령은 남자 $8{\sim}9$세(3.1cm), 여자 $9{\sim}10$세 (2.9cm)이었고 전자와는 달리 남녀 융위발육곡선은 서로 교차하지 않았다. 4. 좌고의 연간 최대성장연령은 남녀 모두 $6{\sim}7$세 (남 3.3cm, 여 3.4cm)이었고 남너 좌고발육곡선은 $8{\sim}9$세에서 서로 교차하였다. (5) 각 지역간의 비교에는 각각의 신체계측치를 체격종합치 (Physical Integrated Ualue)로서 서로 비교하는 것이 매우 간편하고 바람직 하였으며 한국소아 신체표준발육치에 대한 부산지역 국민학교 학동들의 체격종합치 (Physical Integrated Value)는 남여 각각 신장 +0.30, +0.29, 체중 +0.33, +0.35 흉위 +0.65, +0.57, 좌고 +0.10, +0.20으로 서울을 제외한 타지역 (대구, 대전, 농촌지역)에 비하여 비교적 우수하였다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1997

In order to assess the physical growth and development, and nutritional status of primary, middle and high school students in the city of Seoul, physiques of 4, 041 persons(Male : 2, 096, Female: 1, 945) were measured from March 1 to July 31 in 1995 and variouis physical and nutritional indices, maximum growth age related to them were calculated. The results are as follows: 1. Physical Growth and Development The growth of body height showed straight linear development among male in the ages 7~16 and among female 7~14, and after that showed slower development. The age of cross over between two sexes was between 11.5 to 12.5 years of age. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(7.28cm) in male and between 11 aqnd 12 years of age(9.77cm) in female. In terms of body weight, it also showed straight linear development among male in the ages 7~16 and among female 7~14, and after that showed slower development. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(7.64kg) in male and between 11 and 12 years of age(8.l9kg) in female. In terms of chest girth, it showed two step development among male in the age of 7~13 and 13~17, and among female in the age of 7~14 and 14~17. The age of cross over between two sexes was 11 and 12 years of age. In terms of sitting height, it showed two step development in the age of 7~14 and 14~17 of both sexes and the age of cross over between two sexes was between 10.5 to 14.5 years of age. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(3.64cm) in male and between 11 and 12 years of age(5.98cm) in female. 2. Maximum Growth Age of Physical Growth and Development In body height, MGA was 10.59 for male and 10.34 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. In body weight, MGA was 10.30 for male and 10.30 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. In chest-girth, MGA was 14.74 for male and 11.60 for female which showed that MGA for female appeared about 3 years earlier than for male. In sitting height, MGA was 11.69 for male and 11.38 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. Maximum growth ages of physiques appeared in order of body height 〉 body weight 〉 sitting height 〉 chest-girth.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Push-pull strength has been found to be associated with various work factors such as height, distance, repetition, duration, posture and individual factors. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of various work factors on push-pull strength and muscle recruitment pattern. Work factors were consisted of grip height(elbow, shoulder), grip distance(100%, 50%, and 25% of maximum grip distance) and shoulder angle(neutral($90^{\cire}$), and abduction($45^{\cire}$, $0^{\cire}$)) during sitting work. The results showed that the normalized strength and EMG value were higher at the elbow height than the shoulder height, and increased with grip distance and shoulder adduction. The results of ANOVA showed that there was significant difference on muscle recruitment patterns among the task conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider work factors as well as strength to prevent workers from work-related injuries.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.321-337
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for the prevention and control of adolescent back pain through analyzing connections between study environments and physical posture. The subjects were 960 male general high school students in the Chonju area and the data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire from Mar. 17 to Mar. 22, 1999. The collected data were analyzed by a frequency, chi-square and t-test using an SPSS program. The results are as follows; 1) The experience rate of back pain perceived by subjects was 67.5% and by each grade: 1st-27.5%, 2nd-35.4%, 3rd-37.1%. The relationship between grades and the experience of back pain didn't show any significant difference. 2) The causes of back pain perceived by subjects such as 'postures are not good' was 56.7%, 'sitting too much time in a chair' was 39.1%, and 'too severe exercise' was 32.4%. 27.8% had back pain first during the 3rd grade of middle school, and 23.9% had it first during the 1st grade of high school. 3) Intensity of subjects' back pain spread from 'moderate' at 49.6%, to 'severe' at 16.4%. Concerning the frequency of back pain, 58.6% said it was 'irregalar'. 4) Among interventions to deal with back pain: 'move by exercising my back or ask friends to beat my back' was 41.0%, 'just bear it' was 23.1%, and at home 'don't have 'any treatment' was ranked first, at 54.9%. 5) The relationship between subjects' general characteristics and back pain experiences: height (t=-1.99, P=.046), sitting/height (t=-2.61, P=.009), self-perceived condition of health (${\chi}^2=23.530$, P=.000), family history (${\chi}^2=43.903$, P=.000) showed significant difference, but the kinds of transportation, sleeping postures, sleeping method and smoking didn't show significant differences. 6) The relationship between subjects' learning environment and back pain experiences, the height of students' desk and chair showed significant difference (${\chi}^2=23.054$, P=.000), but the sitting time didn't show significant difference. 7) The relationship between the characteristics of subjects' physical postures and back pain experiences: standing postures (${\chi}^2=15.105$, P=.001), and sitting postures (${\chi}^2=20.264$X2, P=.001) showed significant difference, but lifting postures didn't show significant difference.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

Background and purpose : The shoulder joints permit the greatest mobility of any joint area carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Research has now shown that grip strength has proven to be a reliable indicator for quality of life at an older age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of testing posture and shoulder position on grip strength for repetitive gripping task. Methods : Forty(20male, 20female) college adult volunteers with no known shoulder dysfunction participated subject in two testing posture(sitting and standing) and three positions with shoulder flexion: (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The paired t-test was used to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the testing posture and shoulder position. Results : The higher grip strength gained in the sitting with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion and the higher grip strength gained in the standing with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The second experiment showed that the grip strength was significant for sitting, standing position of shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion( p<0.05). Grip strength goes up as increase height and weight. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that the theory does not fit with, because of the influence of gravity, a measure from the shoulder joint is the most high, $0^{\circ}$. And sitting posture and stance in the grip of a difference when compared SIT $0^{\circ}$ and standing position $0^{\circ}$ significant difference in indicated but, $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ in the sitting position and stance in the grip of the difference was not significant difference. To demonstrate the universality of this study's results, future studies should have a larger and more subject as well as a more even distribution of male and female subject. Therefore future research is needed to refine the definition and identify optimal methods of measuring this grip strength.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of slump sitting postures on the masticatory, neck, shoulder, and trunk muscles associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Eleven healthy adults (age, $23.3{\pm}2.7$ yrs; height, $174.0{\pm}4.1$ cm; weight, $61.4{\pm}6.6$ kg) participated in this study. The participants were free of injury history and neurologic deficits in the masticatory, neck muscles and upper extremities at the time of participation. The subjects were asked to perform erect and slump sitting postures under the guidance of physical therapists. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the anterior temporalis, masseter, upper trapezius, serratus anterior, middle trapezius, L3 paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, gluteus maximus muscles of 11 adults as they performed visual terminal display work, which are known as the weakened and tightened muscles owing to WRMD. The recorded signals were averaged and normalized to the mean amplitude of the EMG signal obtained during submaximal reference voluntary contractions. The results of study were as follows: The masseter, upper trapezius, serratus anterior, middle trapezius, L3 paraspinal, external abdominal oblique muscles significantly differed in the slump sitting posture (p<.05). The muscle activities of the serratus anterior, middle trapezius muscle, and external abdominal oblique were significantly lower and that of the masseter, upper trapezius, L3 paraspinal muscles were significantly higher. Further research is needed to assess the motor control problems and the function of the deep muscles in posture stability of patients with WRMD.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.453-463
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Probody Massage Program on the physical characteristics, gross motor function and ROM (Range Of Motion) of children with cerebral palsy. Method : The subjects of this study were two children who have been diagnosed with first grade cerebral palsy that utilized T development support center located in B Metropolitan city for 8 weeks, twice a week, to carry out the Probody Massage Program for 30 minutes. Physiological reactions (height, weight, BMI, blood pressure (an index of inflammation), pulse rate) and large operating functions (sitting, crawling and the joints' range of motion as an angle of the shoulders' upper limb articulation) were measured pretest, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks. Results : The Probody Massage Program showed positive changes in physical characteristics (blood pressure, sitting, and crawling), gross motor function (upper limb shoulder movement), joint range of motion, height, body weight, metabolic activation and blood circulation of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion : We believe making a practical impact on the growth and development, functional recovery of daily life, and improvement of quality of life of children with cerebral palsy by utilizing Probody Massage Program improves blood pressure (an index of inflammation), pulse, sitting, crawling, and the joints' range of motion as an angle of the shoulder joints' upper limb movement of children with cerebral palsy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the two different types of chairs on trapezius muscle activation during dictation tasks. Seventeen university students, each of whom were within ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of the mean Korean standard body size, voluntarily participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to collect electrical signals from both the upper and lower trapezius muscles. Amplitude Probability Distribution Function (APDF) was performed to analyze the muscle activity. The findings of this study were 1) The backrest-point height of the auditorium chair and the height, length and width of the connected desk were shorter than what was suggested by the KS. Another difference was that the auditorium chair had a bigger angle of the backrest compared to the classroom chair. 2) Regarding within-subject effect the sole statistically significant difference was found between activation of the upper trapezius muscle. The upper trapezius muscle's %RVC in the APDF 10th-50th-90th percentile was statistically higher for participants sitting in the auditorium chair than for participants sitting in the classroom chair (p<.05). 3) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'two muscle-sides' in the APDF 10th-50th percentile (p<.05). 4) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'three gaze-direction' in the APDF 90th percentile (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that maintaining a writing posture for a prolonged period of time in an auditorium chair significantly increased the left upper trapezius muscle activation compared to a classroom chair.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine height, weight. chest circumference, sitting height, hematological status. eating behaviors and nutrient intakes for the lower grade primary school children in Gwangju. The subjects consisted of 76 boys and 60 girls aged 9 years old. Height, Weight, Chest circumference, Sitting height, Hct, WBC, RBC, Hb, serum GOT, GPT and cholesterol were measured. With regard to regularity of meal time, 66.7% of the subjects has been 'regular'. With regaled to amount of eaten food, 100.0% of the subjects has been 'moderate'. With regard to nutritional balance, 66.6% of the subjects has been 'think,but do not practice'. The study also found that 100.0% of the subjects skipped breakfast, liked korean food. Their dietary intake vase assesed for 1 day by means of 24 hours dietary recall method. The mean energy intake of the subjects was 1,306 kcal. The subjects consumed 47.9g protein, 28.8g lipid, 3.9g fiber, 446.9mg calcium, 835.0mg phosphorous, 7.9mg iron, 3,721mg sodium, 1.863mg potassium, 362.3RE retinol, 0.8mg thiamin, 1.1mg riboflavin, 10.8NE niacin, 93.9mg ascorbic acrid and 173.5mg cholesterol respectively. Energy, protein, calcium, iron, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake was lower than the Korean RDA. There were positive correlations between meal time and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake : negative correlations between meal time and sodium intake negative correlations between saltiness and cholesterol intake positive correlations between use of perilla seeds and riboflavin intake or niacin intake : negative correlations between energy intake or carbohydrate intake or phosphorous intake : negative correlations between frequency of eating-out and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake or thiamin intake or riboflavin intake or niacin intake.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of differing insole height on the electromyographic (EMG) activity and muscle fatique in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius a lot of repeat college students from the desk during a sit to stand activity. Methods: For the 20 subjects (males), let them wear insole in order. Using EMG equipment measured the difference in muscle activity and muscle fatigue degree. All subjects measured for 3 seconds in standing up from the chair. It's measured total 3 times. Results: The summary of results stated above is as follows: It's sitting to standing activity when there were no significant differences between the muscles. But sitting activity in muscle fatigue-calf muscle during standing activity correlated only. Conclusion: The results of this study, the height of an adult male lead in adequate to maintain a healthy foot function and health elements of effective and aesthetic elements based on a significance in that it presents.