• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of abandoned paddy wetlands according to topography and land cover. In Seosan-si, Dangjin-si, Boryeong-si, and Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, abandoned rice wetlands were found through GIS and field surveys, and the distribution status according to slope, elevation and land cover type was analyzed. As a result of the study, a total of 106 abandoned paddy wetlands were identified, and the average elevation of each abandoned paddy wetlands was 38.85m (S.D.32.76), the average slope was 6.27˚ (S.D.5.39), and the total area was 24,200km². 90 sites (84.9%) of abandoned paddy wetlands were distributed on flat land with less than 5˚ slope, 63 sites (12,121.07km²), and 27 sites(9,524.15km²) at 5-10˚ (9,524.15km²) on flat land with less than 10˚. The area is 21,645.22km²(89.5%) of the total area of abandoned paddy wetlands. 48 sites(12,326km²) in the lowlands with an altitude of less than 25 m, 29 sites(4,909.4km²) below 50m. It accounts for 71.2% of the total area of abandoned paddy wetlands. Among environmental factors of abandoned paddy wetlands, there was no statistically significant correlation between slope and altitude. According to the land cover classification, it was widely distributed in artificial grasslands (38), paddy fields (33), and fields (22).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

This study examined the definition and major values, the designated procedures and types, and the designation trend in Korean scenic sites and national parks in the United States. Based on this, the analysis of the characteristics of the designation of the two natural heritages. The results are as follows; First, Scenic Sites has characteristics of complex heritage that includes academic, historical, and humanities values on the basis of landscape. As a natural heritage based on public nature, the U.S. National Park aims to contribute to the people's natural heritage and satisfy both ecological and historical values through the protection of the landscape. Second, the designation of a scenic sites are decided through deliberation by the Cultural Heritage Committee after the request of the owner, manager, or local government or by the authority of the head of the Cultural Heritage Administration. The designated survey is divided into basic resource surveys and resource surveys by type. Since the initial designation of the Sogeumgang Mountain in Cheonghakdong, Myeongju in 1970, the number of designated scenic sites was low until the 2000s, but the number of designated scenic sites has increased rapidly since 2006 due to the policy to promote the scenic site, and the proportion of natural and historical and cultural scenic sites has been balanced. The designation of the U.S. national park is decided by the Congress or the president, and the National Park Service makes a series of decisions on whether to conduct a special resource study of provisional resources through a preliminary inspection survey, whether to satisfy the criteria for designation of national parks based on the results of special resource research, and to prioritize them. The U.S. National Parks have been expanded not only by Congress but also by the president's empowerment to designate them as national monuments. With the integrated operation of the National Park Service, the number of designated cases increased as the national park included the heritage sites under the control of various ministries. In addition, a number of historical areas were designated by the enactment of the Historical Site Act, and recreational areas were designated to provide leisure space and classified and managed in a total of 18 units. Third, the comparison of the designation characteristics of the two heritage properties confirmed that the designation of natural heritage with complex value, the classification of types according to complementary designation system and resource characteristics, the establishment of the competent ministry and the balancing of the heritage according to the designation policy. The two heritages had the characteristics of complex natural heritages that met ecological, historical and academic values at the same time based on landscape and public nature. In addition, both countries have identified a system for deliberating the designation of heritage through a basic resource survey and an in-depth designation survey, and classified each type according to the characteristics of the resource. In addition, the policies for promoting scenic sites in Korea and the integrated operation of the National Park Service in the U.S. influenced the designated aspects of the two heritage sites, balancing natural heritage with historical and cultural heritage. Fourth, the resource types and conservation management methods of Scenic site and National Park were largely related. The natural areas of the U.S. National Park include types of natural monuments in Korea as major resources, and have characteristics similar to natural scenic sites. In addition, historical resources were similar to the criteria for designation of historical and cultural scenic sites in terms of landscape, and the aspects of war and celebrity-related relics were related to the types of historic sites. In terms of conservation management, the natural area of the U.S. national park has a way of keeping the original ecosystem intact, but the Korean natural heritage protection system is likely to be useful for focusing on the resource of viscosity. Meanwhile, historical resources include historical sites and historical and cultural scenic sites in the traditional era, but historical relics in the U.S. National Parks have set a time limit to modern times for war history and celebrity-related relics, and the active provision of entertainment programs based on existing resources was derived as a difference.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.136-145
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• 2009

Site characteristic is an important input parameter in the geologic hazard assessments including, but not limited to, earthquakes, liquefaction and landslides. Although it is a routine to use data collected by boreholes or seismic prospecting for site classifications, we used indirect methods using the geologic and the topographic maps. A site classification map in the Gyeongsang Province has been produced by GIS tools based on geologic age, rock types, and elevations from the geologic map and the topographic map of Korea. Site B (rock site) is dominant in the study area, although softer soils are observed along rivers and in reclaimed lands. We have found that 73% of the site classification results in the study are in concordance with those obtained from borehole data. Observed discrepancies are attributed to errors in the geologic and the topographic maps. For some sites, the origin of the differences is not clear, which requires a further field study or a drilling. Site classification from this study provides essential information for reliable hazard assessments of earthquakes, floods, landslides and liquefaction. Results obtained in the study also play a crucial role in land use planning for developing areas.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

Deep learning models show excellent performance in tasks such as image classification and object detection in the field of computer vision, and are used in various ways in actual industrial sites. Recently, research on improving robustness has been actively conducted, along with pointing out that this deep learning model is vulnerable to hostile examples. A hostile example is an image in which small noise is added to induce misclassification, and can pose a significant threat when applying a deep learning model to a real environment. In this paper, we tried to confirm the robustness of the edge-learning classification model and the performance of the adversarial example detection model using it for adversarial examples of various algorithms. As a result of robustness experiments, the basic classification model showed about 17% accuracy for the FGSM algorithm, while the edge-learning models maintained accuracy in the 60-70% range, and the basic classification model showed accuracy in the 0-1% range for the PGD/DeepFool/CW algorithm, while the edge-learning models maintained accuracy in 80-90%. As a result of the adversarial example detection experiment, a high detection rate of 91-95% was confirmed for all algorithms of FGSM/PGD/DeepFool/CW. By presenting the possibility of defending against various hostile algorithms through this study, it is expected to improve the safety and reliability of deep learning models in various industries using computer vision.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.303-313
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• 1997

A new evaluation technique, i.e. multicriterion matrix technique, on the vegetation assessment was proposed and compared with several techniques having been previously used in the environmental impact assessment. Four criterias and 10 subcriterias were selected for two evaluation indices such as vegetation naturalness value and vegetation class. These criterias were characterized by syntaxonomical informations of hemeroby concept and potential vegetation, hierarchical system between criterias, and ordinal scale of vegetation naturalness valuse. Vegetation naturalness values were classified into 11 ordinal levels and condensed to five vegetation classes for facilitating practical use. In the example study two sites were compared by using two indices. This technique could have useful applications for ssessment of regional vegetation. A vegetation map of naturalness described by combination of two indices was proposed in order to illustrate regional vegetation naturalness.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 1983

The cluster analysis on the distribution of epiphytic lichens on the north, south, east and west slope of Mt. Hanra was carried out by three methods, sum of square algorithm (SSA), prinicipal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling method(MDS). Analysis of concentration (AOC) was used for the comparison between the lichen communities of north and south slope. The lichen species was identified 35 species by Hale and Culberson technique. The classification of sites by SSA method was divided into two areas in four slopes, and that of species by SSA, PCA and MDS methods was classified into three clusters in east slope, four clusters in south and west slope, and there clusters in north slope. The comparison between north and south slope of the distribution of lichens indicates that loight elevation of north slope (NH; 1600m~1900m) was similar to that of relative low elevation of south slope (SL; 1000m~1300m). The genus lichen, Anaptychia, Parmelia, Lobaria and peltigera was found as the dominant genus in both slopes.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.97-118
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• 2000

This paper proposes an evaluation model for internet shopping mall business by defining its characteristics and evaluation criteria. We analyzed the characteristics of internet shopping mall business environments and classified the business into four major categories. We derived the evaluation criteria which can evaluated all categories comprehensively. The proposed criteria are cost, netizen, technology, transaction, and marketing, each of which gives a significant impact on the business profitability. Based on these criteria, a quantitative evaluation method was developed. We also proposed a penta-classification scheme which can be used to identify the overall characteristics shape of each internet shopping mall business site. An actual application of our evaluation model was illustrated in order to show that our proposed model may be used in the real business sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Several soil parameters can be calculated for results of Piezocone test; sensitivity, soil classification, OCR, undrained shear strength, coefficient of consolidation etc., and used to analysis geotechnical problems. Particularly, the coefficient of consolidation which is related to degree of consolidation varies according to rigidity index(I/sub r/). In this study, rigidity index(I/sub r/) was analyzed by Roy's formula. Trixial tests and unconfined compression tests data in the ten sites was analyzed. In conclusion, rigidity index(I/sub r/) was suggested such as rigidity index(I/sub r/) = 15∼60, average rigidity index value(I/sub r/) of approximately 33 within a country.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

The difference the guide specifications of between housing and land development has been caused many problems, since Korea Land Corporation and Korea Housing Corporation were merged into LH (Land and Housing Corporation) in 2009. Those are that specification criteria to establishing lower level specifications are disordered; duplicated investment on sites; management systems are conflicted site to site, which are based on different operation system from old land and housing corporations, etc. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a direction of integrated guide specification system of LH including improved and advanced classification hierarchy and specification.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2007

Bronchial asthma is a major public health problem worldwide and the morbidity and mortality of asthma have increased in last few decades. There is high prevalence of usage of alternative traditional system of medicines for the treatment of asthma. Large numbers of medicinal plant preparations have been reported to possess anti-asthmatic effects. Plant cells are now considered to be the chemical factories synthesizing a large variety of chemical compounds. Further, Ayurvedic system of medicine has an elaborate description of asthma from the earliest times describing it as 'Shwasa' meaning disease pertaining to breathing. This review classifies the antiasthmatics herbs based on the possible mechanism of action reported. Thus, these plants can be used to obtain a polyherbal formulation which contains various herbs acting at particular sites of the pathophysiological cascade of asthma for prophylaxis as well as for the treatment of asthma.