• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

In this study, variables were constructed based on prior research to examine the impact of information system quality (information quality, system quality, service quality), customer value and satisfaction in hotel comparison site. The samples consist of 205 survey data drawn from hotel comparison site users. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 21.0. According to results of the reliability and validity test, all were found reliable, and all items were included. The results are as follows: first, Among the information system quality (information quality, system quality, and service quality) of the hotel comparison site, the information quality and service quality have positive effects on customer value. Second, the information system quality(information quality, system quality, and service quality) of the hotel comparison site has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Third, the customer value of the hotel comparison site has a positive effect on customer satisfaction.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

This study makes an attempt to appraise how much successful both (Ham-Pyung) Butterfly Festival and (Mu-Ju) Firefly Festival are in the view point of ecology-friendly effects, and based on this appraisal, searches for desirable and developmental directions of other eco-festivals. The empirical analysis of the study shows that even if the Butterfly Festival turns out to be more famous than the Firefly Festival, the latter is confirmed to be more eco-friendly than the former. The fact that the latter is more eco-friendly seems to be due to the fact that the subject matter, that is the theme, of the festival is the fireflies which are not only natural monuments but also peculiar in-site-resources specific to Mu-Ju. This fact suggests that the other eco-festivals, newly emerging ones in particular, need to find and designate in-site-resources inherent in their regions as the theme, as far as possible.

• 지구물리
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2006

A GDS (Geomagnetic Depth Sounding) method, one of extremely low-frequency EM methods, has been carried out to examine conductivity anomalies in and around the Korean Peninsula. In this study, new GDS data acquired at the five sites in south-eastern area of the peninsula were incorporated into the previous GDS data. In order to quantitatively interpret observed induction arrows, the 3-D MT modeling considering the surrounding seas of the Korean Peninsula has been performed to evaluate sea effect at each GDS site. The modeling results revealed that the observed real induction arrows were not explained by solely sea effects, consequently two conductive structures that are responsible for the discrepancies between observed and calculated induction arrows were proposed. The first one is the Imjingang Belt, which is thought as an extension of Quiling-Dabie-sulu continental collision belt. The effects of the Imjingang Belt clearly appear at the site YIN and ICHN. The second one is the HCL (Highly Conductive Layer), which is considered as a conductive anomaly by mantle upwelling produced in back-basin region. The effects of the HCL are seen at the site KZU, KMT101, and KMT 107 in the south-eastern region of the Korean Peninsula.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2019

The evaluation of the seismic hazard for a given site is to estimate the seismic ground motion at the surface. This is the result of the combination of the action of the seismic source, which generates seismic waves, the propagation of these waves between the source and the site, and site local conditions. The aim of this work is to evaluate the sensitivity of dynamic response of extended structures to spatial variable ground motions (SVGM). All factors of spatial variability of ground motion are considered, especially local site effect. In this paper, a method is presented to simulate spatially varying earthquake ground motions. The scheme for generating spatially varying ground motions is established for spatial locations on the ground surface with varying site conditions. In this proposed method, two steps are necessary. Firstly, the base rock motions are assumed to have the same intensity and are modelled with a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function. An empirical coherency loss model is used to define spatial variable seismic ground motions at the base rock. In the second step, power spectral density function of ground motion on surface is derived by considering site amplification effect based on the one dimensional seismic wave propagation theory. Several dynamics analysis of a curved viaduct to various cases of spatially varying seismic ground motions are performed. For comparison, responses to uniform ground motion, to spatial ground motions without considering local site effect, to spatial ground motions with considering coherency loss, phase delay and local site effects are also calculated. The results showed that the generated seismic signals are strongly conditioned by the local site effect. In the same sense, the dynamic response of the viaduct is very sensitive of the variation of local geological conditions of the site. The effect of neglecting local site effect in dynamic analysis gives rise to a significant underestimation of the seismic demand of the structure.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 반복하중에 의한 반복 경화 및 연화 현상을 나타낼 수 있는 수정 IWAN 모델을 이용하여, 1차원 비선형 부지응답 해석프로그램(이하 KODSAP; Kaist One Dimensional Site-response Analysis Program)을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 지진하중 재하에 따른 지반의 반복경화 및 연화현상에 의한 부지응답 특성 변화를 재현할 수 있다. KODSAP을 이용하여 기반암 상부 40m인 모형지반의 반복경화 및 연화 정도, 지진가속도의 크기에 따른 부지응답특성 변화를 살펴 보았으며, 현재 실무에서 널리 적용되고 있는 등가선형, 비선형해석과 KODSAP 해석결과(지반의 반복경화 및 연화현상을 고려한)과의 차이점을 살펴 보았다.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2015

지진지반운동 증폭을 야기하는 부지효과는 지하 토사 조건과 구조뿐만 아니라 지표 지형에 의해 지대한 영향을 받는다. 그럼에도 불구하고 국내에서는 최근 수십 년에 걸쳐 주로 지질 및 토사 조건과 관련된 부지고유 지진응답 연구들이 대부분을 차지해 왔으며, 이러한 국부 지질 효과는 잘 정립되어 현행 국내 내진설계기준들에 반영되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 현행 국내 내진설계기준에서는 고려되고 있지 않은 지표 지형효과 평가의 일환으로, 세 가지 다른 경사각 조건의 유한요소 지반 모델링을 통한 이차원 지진 부지응답 해석을 수행하였다. 이차원 유한요소 해석 결과인 최대 지반가속도와 가속도 응답스펙트럼을 추가적으로 수행한 일차원 유한요소 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 최대 지반가속도와 스펙트럴가속도는 대부분의 사면상부 영역에서 지형효과로 인해 이차원이 일차원 해석에 비해 크게 나타났다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

This study conducted RIII reflex measurement to examine degree of pain depending on polarity of high voltage pulsed current of primary and secondary hyperalgesia site in hyperalgesia rat by local thermal injury. Hind paw which was injury site was taken as primary hyperalgeisa site, sole which was injury adjacent site was taken as secondary hyperalgesia site, and mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold and root mean square of RIII reflex were measured. This study was conducted with control group I of hyperalgesia rat at hind paw by thermal injury and experimental groups divided into cathodal high voltage treatment group II, anodal high voltage treatment group III and alternate high voltage treatment group IV, applied active electrode of high voltage pulsed current to hind paw directly, placed reference electrode on the sole of injury adjacent site and applied pulse frequency. It measured RIII reflex and obtained the following results: Root mean square of RIII reflex at primary hyperalgeisa site was significantly reduced in group II after 2 days of hyperalgesia. Group II showed significant decrease after 5 and 6 days of hyperalgesia. Root mean square of RIII reflex at secondary hyperalgesia site showed significant reduction in group II after 6 days of hyperalgesia. Consequently it was found that application of high voltage pulsed current of hyperalgesia site reduced RIII reflex at primary hyperalgeisa site and secondary hyperalgesia site by electrical stimuli. Effects by polarity of high voltage pulsed current showed the greatest reduction of pain threshold when cathodal active electrode was used.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.689-695
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• 1991

Dielectric properties of Ba1-$\chi$Sr$\chi$Ti1-yCayO3-y ceramics, where Sr and Ca were doped to Ba-site and Ti-site within the range of 0 x 0.24 and 0 y 0.05, respectively, were investigated. The substitution of Ca for Ti, which maintained the high resistivity of these formulations after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, was confirmed. Ca addition decreased the tetragonality c/a, increased the unit cell volume, and lowered Curie temperature, which were attributed to the occupancy of Ca2+ ions on Ti-sites. The lowering of Curie temperature by Ca addition was affected by the substitution of Sr for Ba-site; within 2 mol% of Ca, Curie temperature was lowered at a rate of 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 16$^{\circ}C$ per mol% of Ca at x=0 and x=0.08, respectively. Whereas the resistivity of the formulations without Ca was reduced to 107 {{{{ OMEGA }}cm, when sintered at low oxygen partial pressure of 10-9 MPa, the resistivity value higher than 1011 {{{{ OMEGA }}cm was maintained for the formulations containing Ca more than 0.5 mol%. Dielectric loss factor, tan$\delta$, was about 1% for most formulations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.627-639
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• 2021

Fragility curves are being more significant as a useful tool for evaluating the relationship between the earthquake intensity measure and the effects of the engineering demand parameter on the buildings. In this paper, the effect of different site conditions on the vulnerability of the structures was examined through the fragility curves taking into account different strength capacities of the precast columns. Thus, typical existing single-story precast RC industrial buildings which were built in Turkey after the year 2000 were examined. The fragility curves for the three typical existing industrial structures were derived from an analytical approach by performing non-linear dynamic analyses considering three different soil conditions. The Park and Ang damage index was used in order to determine the damage level of the members. The spectral acceleration (Sa) was used as the ground motion parameter in the fragility curves. The results indicate that the fragility curves were derived for the structures vary depending on the site conditions. The damage probability of exceedance values increased from stiff site to soft site for any Sa value. This difference increases in long period in examined buildings. In addition, earthquake demand values were calculated by considering the buildings and site conditions, and the effect of the site class on the building damage was evaluated by considering the Mean Damage Ratio parameter (MDR). Achieving fragility curves and MDR curves as a function of spectral acceleration enables a quick and practical risk assessment in existing buildings.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop the effects of site environmental factors on estimation of site index function for Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher stands. We derived nonlinear growth equation and the draw site index curves by applying this estimated equation. This study with Chapman-Richards function showed significant P-value which was less then 0.0001 and $R^2$ value 0.5947. This study was conducted to develop the feasible site index equation of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher. For the table, the data of 82 sample areas that were thought to be without errors among the data of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher sample area located on the value-oriented forest location chart were used and estimated. After analyzing the quantification method I based on 13 environmental factors to develop the score table for the site-index estimation of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher, $R^2$ value of the model was 0.7555. It has been analyzed that the scope value of Soil moisture in horizon A was 7.5045, that of total soil depth was 6.3896, that of topography was 5.3471, that of slope was 4.7000 and that of aspect was 3.2038. After analyzing the partial correlation to examine the factors that affected most the site-index of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher, it has been noted that the partial correlation of climatic zone was 0.4987, which was highest, and it was followed by Soil moisture in horizon A (0.4592), slope (0.4537), topography (0.3299) and total soil depth (0.1035). As a result of conducting the significance test for partial correlation, it has been found that topography, climatic zone, parent rock, slope, altitude, aspect, Soil moisture in horizon A, soil hardness in horizon A and total soil depth were recognized significant with 1% of significance level and sedimentary type and soil texture in horizon A were recognized significant with 5% of significance level.