• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of action observation training on the muscle onset time and symmetrical use of rectus femoris(RF) and gastrocnemius medialis(GCM) during sit-to-stand (STS). Methods: Sixteen patients with stroke entered a single-blind trial and were randomly assigned to the experimental(Action) or control(Landscape) groups. Those in the Action observation group watched video clips showing specific movement and strategies to STS, wheas those in the control group watched video clips of static pictures showing differnet landscapes. All patients was measured the EMG data in the STS on the affected side and unaffected side. The EMG data were collected from RF and GCM while performing the STS task. The EMG onset time and onset time ratio for the RF and GCM were calculated by dividing the EMG onset time of RF and GCM action on the affected side by these on the unaffected side. Results: Onset time of affected side RF, GCM was significantly faster action observation training group than control group(p<.05). But interventions before and after the symmetry did not show a significant increase. Conclusion: There findings suggest that action observation training has a positive effect on the muscle onset time shortened during STS tasks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

Artificial joint replacement is one of the major surgical advances of the 21th century. The primary purpose of a TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty) is to restore normal knee Auction. Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from a chair or climbing stairs;(b) allow the same range of motion as an complete knee; and (c) provide adequate knee joint stability. Four individuals (2 peoples after surgery one year and 2 peoples after surgery three years) participated in this study. All they were prescreened for health and functional status by the same surgeon who performed the operations. Two days of accommodation practice occurred prior to the actual strength testing. The isometric strength (KIN-COM III) of the quadriceps and hamstring were measured at 60$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$ of knee flexion, respectively. During isokinetic concentric testing, the range of motion was between 10$^\circ$ to 80$^\circ$ of knee flexion (stand-to-sit) and extension (sit-to-stand). for a given test, the trial exhibiting maximum torque was analyzed. A 16-channel MYOPACTM EMG system (Run Technologies, Inc.) was used to collect the differential input surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis(VL), rectus femoris (RF) during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tests. Disposable electrodes (Blue SensorTM, Medicotest, Inc.) were used to collect the EMG signals. The results were as follows; 1. Less maximum concentric (16% and 21% less for 1 yew man and 3 years mm, respectively) and isometric (12% and 29%, respectively) quadriceps torque for both participants. 2.14% less maximum hamstrings concentric torque for 1 year man but 16% greater torque for 3 years mm. However, 1 year man had similar hamstring isometric peak torque for both knees. 3. Less quadriceps co-contraction by 1 year man except for the VM at 10$^\circ$-20$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$-50$^\circ$ range of knee flexion.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Purpose : The study was to evaluate the weight distribution, balance and gait function of stroke patients wearing lateral wedged insole to the shoe of the affected side. Methods : 27 patients with stroke (15 men, 12 women) participated in this study. Participants performed weight distribution, dynamic balance and gait ability with or without wedged insole on affected side in a random order. The balancia was used to evaluate the weight distribution. Deviation from the center line was analyzed by Dartfish during sit to stand to evaluate dynamic balance. The functional walk ability evaluated by 10 m walking velocity. Results : The asymmetry index of weight bearing improved significantly with wedged insole of affected side(p<.05). During sit to stand, center of gravity significantly moved from non-affected side to more mid line of body(p<.05). Improvement were shown in walking speed after wearing the wedged insole(p<.05). Conclusion : Wedged insole applied on affected side have a beneficial effect on weight distribution, dynamic balance and walking speed with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between standing posture biomechanics and physical fitness in the elderly. Physical fitness variables and postural variables for 227 (140 women and 87 men) elderly individuals were tested. Physical fitness tests (Korean Institute of Sports Science, 2012) included 3m sit, walk, and return, grip test, 30 second chair sit and stand, sit and reach, figure 8 walks, and 2 minute stationary march. Postural biomechanics variables included resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), shoulder slope, pelvic slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference, thoracic angle, and upper body slope. In statistical analysis, multiple regression was conducted by using stepwise selection method via SAS (version 9.2). Analysis for both men and women revealed significant relationships between physical fitness and age, upper body slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference. Pelvic and thoracic angle were only related to figure 8 walking and sit and reach in women, while RCSP and shoulder slope had no relationship with any physical fitness variables.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.42-52
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• 2019

Background: Whole body-electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is widely used for the rehabilitation and recovery of patients with various neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Objects: To objectively measure changes in lower extremity and abdominal muscles after sit-to-stand dynamic movement training using WB-EMS. Methods: A total of 46 healthy adults (23 experimental and 23 control subjects) performed sit-to-stand exercise; the experimental group with WB-EMS, and the control group without WB-EMS. The muscle activity of the lower extremity, and the muscle thickness of the lower extremity and abdominal muscles were measured before and after the intervention. Results: In terms of electromyographic activity, there was a significant interaction effect for the rectus femoris (RF) muscle (F=30.212, p=.000). With regards to ultrasonographic imaging, the muscle thickness of the RF muscle had a significant interaction effect at the muscle contraction ratio (F=8.071, p=.007). The deep abdominal muscles, such as the transverse abdominal (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles, also showed significant interaction effects at the muscle contraction ratio (F=5.474, p=.024, F=24.151, p=.000, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that WB-EMS may help to improve the muscular activity of the RF muscle, and the muscle thickness of the RF muscle and deep muscles such as the TrA and IO muscles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1515-1516
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• 2013

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-332
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• 2018

Purpose: Patients with tibial fractures can have functional problems with balance and gait, as well as lower extremity muscle weakness. This case report aimed to describe the effect of hip joint strengthening exercises using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on balance and gait and lower limb function in a patient with tibia fracture. Methods: One patient diagnosed with tibial fracture was treated for seven weeks with the basic procedure, pattern, and technique of PNF for a hip joint strengthening exercise. Results: The results of pre- and post-intervention treatment showed improvements in physical function and structure in the clinical tests, including the manual strength test; the modified Ashworth scale; sensory evaluation; balance, sit-to-stand, and gait performance; and evaluation of lower limb function. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the use of theory-based proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation for hip joint strengthening exercises positively affects patients' functional improvement in tibial fracture patients, and this may be used as a therapeutic exercise method for those with orthopedic problems in the lower extremities. One limitation of this study was that it was performed on only one tibia fracture patient, which makes it difficult to extend the treatment effects to all patients with this condition.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Background: It is very difficult for hemiplegic patients to effectively perform the sit-to-stand (STS) movements independently because of several factors. Moreover, the analysis of STS motion in hemiplegic patients has been thus far confined to only muscle strength evaluation with little information available on structural and environmental factors of varying chair height and foot conditions. Objects: This study aimed to analyze the change in biomechanical factors (ground reaction force, center of mass displacement, and the angle and moment of joints) of the joints in the lower extremities with varying chair height and foot conditions in hemiplegic patients while they performed the STS movements. Methods: Nine hemiplegic patients voluntarily participated in this study. Their STS movements was analyzed in a total of nine sessions (one set of three consecutive sessions) with varying chair height and foot conditions. The biomechanical factors of the joints in the lower extremities were measured during the movements. Ground reaction force was measured using a force plate; and the other abovementioned parameters were measured using an infra-red camera. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was performed to determine the changes in biomechanical factors in the lower extremities with varying chair height and foot conditions. Results: No interaction was found between chair height and foot conditions (p>.05). All measured variables with varying chair height showed a significant difference (p<.05). Maximum joint flexion angle, maximum joint moment, and the displacement of the center of mass in foot conditions showed a significant difference (p<.05); however the maximum ground reaction force did not show a significant difference (p>.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that hemiplegic patients can more stably and efficiently perform the STS movement with increased chair height and while they are bare-foot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of muscle activity and mechanical loading according to the angle of ankle joint during a sit-to-stand (STS) task. METHODS: Thirty-four young participants performed the STS in a randomized trial with the ankle joint at a neutral, 15 degrees dorsiflexion and 15 degrees plantarflexion angle in a fixed sitting posture with the knee in 105 degrees flexion. Muscle activity of the tibialis anterior (TA), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius medialis (GCM) was measured, and the parameters calculated in relation to mechanical loading were the STS-time, maximum peak, minimum peak, and total sum of mechanical loading. RESULTS: In the dorsiflexion position, the muscle activity of the TA and GCM showed a significant increase (p<.05), and the STS time, maximum peak and total sum of mechanical loading showed a significant difference compared to that in the neutral position (p<.05). In the plantarflexion position, the muscle activity of the RF and GCM showed a significant increase (p<.05), while that of the TA showed a significant decrease (p<.05) compared to that in the neutral position. And the minimum peak was significantly increased than the neutral position (p<.05), and the maximum peak and total sum of mechanical loading were showed significant difference compared with dorsiflexion position (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results show that there is a difference in muscle activity and mechanical loading when performing the STS movement according to the change in the ankle joint angle.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the most suitable exercise for the elderly women by comparing the changes in body composition and physical function fitness after modern dance, aquarobic and combined exercise programs for the elderly women. The subjects of this study were 47 elderly women in J-do, chosen as MDG(n=13), AEG(n=11), CEG(n=11) and CG(n=12) for participated for 60 minutes/day and three times/wk for 12 weeks. The results of grip strength, chair stand, arm curl, 2 minute step, 244cm up and go was significantly than in the control group. Back scratch was decreased significantly after exercise only in the modern dance group and combined exercise group but there was no change in chair sit and reach. These results suggest that various exercises were found to play a positive role in maintaining and improving fitness for the elderly women. In addition, additional exercise programs are needed to improve flexibility and mobility of joints for the elderly. It is thought that it is important to voluntarily participate in a movement that suits your interests to make it sustainable.