• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

YBCO films were deposited with various thicknesses from 100nm to 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ on single crystal $SrTiO_3$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effects of different deposition conditions, especially different deposition rates by means of changing the pulsed laser frequency up to 200Hz, on the J$_{c}$ value were studied. For YBCO film with the thickness of 200nm, the $J_{c}$ value of $2.1MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ has been achieved under the high deposition rate of 3.2nm/s (190nm/min). The $J_{c}$ can be maintained greater than $1M/\textrm{cm}^2$ with the thickness less than 1$\mu\textrm{m}$. The X-ray analysis was used to examine the texture, crystallization and surface quality. The SEM was employed to analyze the surface of YBCO, and it was shown the surface of YBCO film became rougher with increasing the thickness. There were many large singular outgrowths and networks of outgrowths on the surface of YBCO films which lowered the density of thick YBCO film. The outgrowth network was probably the a-axis YBCO corresponding to XRD $\theta$-2$\theta$scan and $\chi$-scan which were used to characterize a-axis orientation of YBCO film. The reason for J$_{c}$ declining with increasing the thickness was studied and discussed.sed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The concepts of many Korean medicine terms have changed for a long time and cumulatively been recorded in later medicine literatures. And, the same terms have very often been used for different meanings depending on context. Methods : This study was performed so that conceptual magnitude of Korean medicine terms could intuitively be recognized for the purpose of quantization. Results : This study was performed under the premise that terms used in old literatures of Korean medicine are related mostly to treatments that could immediately be reverted to types of medical herbs used. Through this, conceptual magnitude of terms was quantified by the method that frequency of medical herbs used for treatment was changed to numerical values. For this, data of "Compilation of Formulas and Medicinals Addendum" were used. First, after 'specificity' of each medicine herb corresponding to representative disease symptoms was calculated, medians in the set were selected, and 'values of conceptual magnitude' for representative disease symptoms were calculated. Conclusions : As a result, if disease symptoms are diverse, concept range is diachronically changed greatly, and specific disease symptoms of great conceptual difference are included, value of conceptual magnitude was great. Meanwhile, if disease factor and treatment are singular or limited to several types, and many medical herbs with high specificity are used, value of conceptual magnitude was less.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.3048-3057
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• 1996

Analysis model containing two inclined surface cracks on semi-infinite elastic body is established and analyzed on the basis of linear fracture mechanics to examine mutual interference of two surface cracks. Muskhelishvili's complex stress functions are introduced and a set of singular integral equations is obtained for a dislocation density function. The stress intensity factors at crack tip are obtained by using the Gerasoulis'method. When two surface cracks are parallel and have the same length, the values of $K_1$and $\Delta K_11$(variation of $K_11$) for crack 1 and crack 2 decrease by the mutual interference of two surface cracks as the distance between the two surface cracks shortens. The effect of mutual interference is remarkable in high friction coefficient. In case that two surface cracks are parallel, the values of $K_1$and $\Delta K_11$for crack 2 decrease as the length ratio ot crack 2 to crack 1 becomes small. As the crack inclination angle rises, the value of $K_1$ and the mutual interference of $K_1$for crack 2 increase and the value of$\Delta K_11$ for crack 1 becomes smaller than that for crack 2.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

If the nondestructive analysis is carried out by using an X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer(XRF) for ingredient analysis with the target of gold plated silverware that plates gold on a silver basis, a singular point showing big difference at the value of weight percent(wt.%) according to the electron orbit of the principal ingredient can be confirmed. The present research made reproduced samples and carried out comparative analysis in order to suggest a basis that can judge whether the technique of gold plated silverware was used in case of remains uneasy to understand with eyes by using this singular point. As a result, the same result as analysis results of actual remains could be seen in specimens manufactured by a mercury amalgam plating method. However, in case of gold and silver alloy specimens, it could be confirmed that the difference according to the electron orbit of the principal ingredients is slight unlike plated specimens. The reason appearing at plated specimens seems to be generated while absorbing XRF beam at plated layers by double structure due to plating instead of single material. Accordingly, if this result appearing at nondestructive analysis is used, it was confirmed that the application of the technique of gold plated silverware can be judged without observing its section.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

This study review of Compositional Evaluation Items for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) in Korea. The ECVAM is composed of legal assessment and environmental/ecological assessment items. ECVAM basically adapts an overlay method for environmental/ecological assessment items. The objective of this study is to suggest supplementary items for the ECVAM with the following process : Overlapping rates of the assessment items in the ECVAM are calculated to understand the grade distribution of the environmental conservation value assessment and to analyze the overlapping rates among the assessment items, as a result it is found that various items are overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the ECVAM, Analyzed the overlapping degree among assessment items to be applied to this map. On the concrete we gripped results to be assessed by various items, which were overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the environmental conservation value assessment map of national land, we analyzed the overlapping degree on environmental/ecological items, and investigated the grade distribution by field survey. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by 5 kinds of method. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district, Method 2 is Comparing overlapping areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and Permission of each assessment items' duplication, Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items, Method 4 is Only Grade 1 areas of Method 2 and Method 5 is Only Grade 2 areas of Method 2. As results, Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities reveal a high proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Kangwon-Do, show a high proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability), forest diameter item was accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter and forest density was accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. From now on, this study will contribute to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the pliability in the process of managing and updating this map.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.41
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• pp.75-107
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• 2008

The paper aims to figure out the meaning of money in terms of communication in which we can find the specific communicative and cultural form of money. In the modern capitalist society, we cannot limit money within the economical terms - for example, store of value, medium of exchange, unit of account and means of payment - because money mediates all human activities beyond the economic boundary and conveys specific meaning in the social and the cultural area. Money can be the medium of the cultural and the communicational as well as the medium of the economic. In this respect, we've try to articulate money with linguistic or semiotic insight. Through this theoretical dialogue, we find two significations of money as a medium of communication. The first signification is meta-signification which drives the individual to the unlimited accumulation of the money. Meta-signification displace the second signification of the money that is the singular, over-determined and the mosaic significations. In this process money can be the signifier without signification. And then, money is the Master signifier which all sign should be identified imaginary. Finally, Money is not only the re-presense (Darstellung) of all sings but also the representative (Vertretung) of all signs. But this double position creates some tensions and makes master signifier of money unstable. Man's analysis of Bonapartism, which shares the linguistic or semiotic insight, shows the crack of the re-presence between the representative. Like Marx's analysis, the money has the tension between two signification which makes the room for the struggle to signify.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.802-810
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• 2003

In this paper, the modified singular fracture process zone (S-FPZ) model is proposed to consider variation of a fracture criterion for continuous crack propagation in concrete. The fracture properties of the proposed fracture model are strain energy release rate at a micro-crack tip and crack closure stress (CCS) versus crack opening displacement (COD) relationship in the FPZ. The proposed model can simulate the estimated fracture energy of experimental results. The analysis results of the experimental data shows that specimen geometry and loading condition did not affect the CCS-COD relation. But the strain energy release rate is a function of not only specimen geometry but also crack extension. Until 25 mm crack extension, the strain energy release rate is a constant minimum value, and then it increased linearly to the maximum value. The maximum fracture criterion occurred at the peak load for an large size specimen. The fracture criterion remains the maximum value after the peak load. The variation of the fracture criterion is caused by micro-cracking and micro-crack localizing. The fracture criterion of strain energy release rate can simply be the size effect of concrete fracture, and it can be used to quantify the micro-tracking and micro-crack localizing behaviors of concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

Fingerprint classification is a step to increase the efficiency of an 1:N fingerprint recognition system and plays a role to reduce the matching time of fingerprint and to increase accuracy of recognition. It is difficult to classify fingerprints, because the ridge pattern of each fingerprint class has an overlapping characteristic with more than one class, fingerprint images may include a lot of noise and an input condition is an exceptional case. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to design a stochastic model and to accomplish fingerprint classification using a directional characteristic of fingerprints for an effective classification of various qualities. We compute the directional value by searching a fingerprint ridge pixel by pixel and extract a directional characteristic by merging a computed directional value by fixed pixels unit. The modified Markov model of each fingerprint class is generated using Markov model which is a stochastic information extraction and a recognition method by extracted directional characteristic. The weight list of classification model of each class is decided by analyzing the state transition matrixes of the generated Markov model of each class and the optimized value which improves the performance of fingerprint classification using GA (Genetic Algorithm) is estimated. The performance of the optimized classification model by GA is superior to the model before the optimization by the experiment result of applying the fingerprint database of various qualities to the optimized model by GA. And the proposed method effectively achieved fingerprint classification to exceptional input conditions because this approach is independent of the existence and nonexistence of singular points by the result of analyzing the fingerprint database which is used to the experiments.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.308-310
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• 2002

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and halorhodopsin (hR), which exist in the membrane of Halobacterium salinarum, are light-driven ion pumps. In spite of high similarity of primary and tertiary structures between bR and hR, these membrane proteins transport different ions, proton and chloride, in the opposite direction. From alignment of the amino acid sequences, Thr-89 of bR is homologous to Ser-l15 of hR from Halobacterium salinarum (shR). X-ray structure of shR has revealed that OH group of this residue directly interacts with CI$\^$-/ Thus, Ser-lI5 of shR is expected to play an important role in CI$\^$-/ binding and transport. In this study, we expressed wild type hR from Natronobacterium pharaonis (PhR) and Sl30A, which corresponds to Ser-l15 of shR, in E. coli in order to clarify binding affinity of chloride ion and photocycle reactions. From the titration with CI$\^$-/, affinity of Sl30A became quite lower than that of WT (WT 6 mM, Sl30A 89 mM). Furthermore, from the flash photolysis with pulse laser of λ$\_$max/ at 532 nm, the reaction rate of SI30A from 0 intermediate to hR ground state was found to become apparently slower than that of WT. The singular value decomposition (SVD) and global fitting analyses of the photocycles were performed to identify all photointermediates and determine the reaction rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 2009

A two-dimensional cross-section analysis program based on the finite element method has been developed for composite blades with solid, thin-walled and compound cross-sections. The weighted-modulus method is introduced to determine the laminated composite material properties. The shear center and the torsion constant for any given section are calculated according to the Trefftz' definition and the St. Venant torsion theory, respectively. The singular value problem of cross-section stiffness properties faced during the section analysis has been solved by performing an eigenvalue analysis to remove the rigid body mode. Numerical results showing the accuracy of the program obtained for stiffness, offset and inertia properties are compared in this analysis. The current analysis results are validated with those obtained by commercial software and published data available in the literature and a good correlation has generally been achieved through a series of validation study.