• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 2023

Grit is a person's passion and perseverance that drive them to achieve long-term and meaningful goals. The purpose of this study was to identify practical resources that can affect single parents' grit. Using the fourth-year panel data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018), descriptive statistics were produced and a correlation analysis was conducted for 284 single parents. Hierarchical regression analysis was also performed to explore the demographic factors, personal resources(psychological, lifestyle/health), and family resources(family relationships/child, economic) that affect single parents' grit. First, the correlation analysis revealed that single parents' grit had a significant correlation with age, education status, life satisfaction, happiness, self-esteem, smartphone dependency, physical activity time, frequency of breakfast consumption, household size, parent's satisfaction with child's school achievement and school adjustment, subjective family economic status, and private education expenses. Second, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that education status, self-esteem, employment status, smartphone dependency, physical activity time, household size, parent's satisfaction with child's school achievement, and subjective family economic status were significant factors affecting single parents' grit. Based on the research results, this study suggests directions for programs and policies to provide a stable environment for single-parent families to raise their children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Using a subsample of 3,409 unmarried smothers and their children from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, the present study examined the cross-lagged effects of unmarried fathers' involvement on their children's behavior problems. Father involvement was used as a latent variable to measure the frequency of fathers' visits to the child, fathers' instrumental support, and their supportive parenting. Both variables of father involvement and child behavior problems were repeatedly measured at child ages 3, 5, and 9 to estimate their trends over time. The results indicated that fathers' more active engagement in parenting at child ages 3 to 5 reduced behavior problems in children at ages 5 to 9. Further discussions include programs and services to support unmarried fathers through education and training opportunities for effective parenting, relationship skills, and conflict resolutions as well as policy strategies to encourage their continuous involvement in the lives of their children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore a life-supportive housing alternative for single-parent family, focused on cohousing. Single-parent family is considerably increasing according to diverse social changes. In foreign countries, for instance, Scandinavian countries where dual-income households and single-parent families occupy comparatively higher proportion of the whole households, cohousing has been implemented as one of the life-supportive housing alternatives. Cohousing community has been developed aiming to reduce burden of housework, child-care and loneliness through mutual support amongst inhabitants. Opinions of single-parent families are described in this study in order to explore any possibility of development of cohousing for single-parent families for their well-being in Korea. The study was fulfilled by intensive interviews with 4 heads of single-parent families as well as inhabitants of collective housing and cohousing in Korea and foreign countries.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to explore family life issues of institutionalized single-mother families in Seoul. Using in-depth interviews and self-administered questionnaires, this study is focused on the needs assessments of social workers and institutionalized single-mothers. Subjects were 4 social workers and 31 institutionalized single-mothers. The results of study showed that institutionalized single-mother families experienced economic, child rearing, emotional problems, negative stigma and the loss of social networks. Future research, theoretical and practical implications are added.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 1999

This study focused on the coping behavior and perceived economic well-being of the housing-subsidized single-mother family. The major findings were as follows: 1. Single mothers who had higher level of income, education, and self-esteem tended to have better coping behaviors. 2. Internally oriented single mothers had better coping behaviors. 3. Single mothers who had high level of income, job satisfaction, and social support perceived their income more adequately. 4. Single mothers who were satisfied with job, social support and child relationship reported a high level of economic satisfaction. 5. Single mothers who had high score in coping behavior tended to have a high level of perceived economic well-being.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

An A-B-A-C single subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and inhibitive techniques on spasticity in a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the right leg. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. Inhibitive techniques including stretch, antagonist contraction, and weight bearing were used. The tonus of the leg muscle was measured by means of a surface-EMG biofeedback unit. Visual analysis of data indicate that the child showed clinically significant reduction of spasticity in passive ankle movement following 30 minutes of TENS and inhibitive techniques application, respectively. The effect of TENS on spasticity inhibition was similar to that of inhibitive techniques. This result suggests that for this child with cerebral palsy, the application of TENS to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the spasticity of cerebral palsy. Replication of this study with a more complex single-subject design involving more subjects is recommended to confirm this result.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study intended to examine whether working mothers' job satisfaction has a moderating effect on the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Methods: The subjects were 202 working mothers in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, all of who had a single child under 36 months old. Working mothers' parenting stress, job satisfaction and second childbearing intention were assessed with questionnaires completed by the mothers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, and moderator regression analysis. Results: First, a significant difference was revealed in the mothers' second childbearing intention depending on the type of their child's main caregiver. The second childbearing intention of the mothers who relied on babysitters to care for their children was lower than that of the mothers whose mothers, mother-in-laws or child care teachers cared for their children. Secondly, working mothers' parenting stress and job satisfaction significantly affected their second childbearing intention. Thirdly, the mothers' job satisfaction moderated the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to provide working mothers with social support for enhancing their job satisfaction and alleviating their job stress, in order to increase their second childbearing intention.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.491-504
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• 2005

This research studies the residential environment of the elderly and its trend. Our main focus is on the residential condition and its type between parents and their child/ren in korea which has already entered the aging society. The results are as follows: (1) This paper finds that the residence type of the households with elderly people becomes multifarious, as in a two-generation household, a couple and their single child, a couple family, etc. (2) The parents living separately from their child/ren account for 63.3%, which is becoming predominant in the residence type of the elderly. On the other hand, those living with their child/ren take up merely 24.5%. Thus, we can infer that the number of the parents with the former type is on the increase. (3) The residence type in reality is different from the one intended by elderly people, so we can estimate future change in the residence type. (4) The residence type varies, as in living together with young family, living separately from young family, separation at a distance, etc. In conclusion, we need appropriate living programs for each various residence type between elderly people and their children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

Social support may be a crucial aspect in single mothers' adjustment from the loss of spouse. Using a survey data collected from 285 widowed or divorced mothers, this study investigated whether social support buffers the deleterious effects of stress on psychological adjustment among poor single mothers. Results revealed that social support is not provided for at a desirable level. After controlling the single mothers' characteristics, stress in daily life, emotional support, job status and child relationship were associated with depression of them. It was also founded that emotional support buffer the negative effect of stress on depression of single mothers. Therefore, the support programs focused on emotional support are necessary for single mothers to enhance their mental health.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-116
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals and family closeness on the sociality of elementary school children. From October 1 to November 30, 2010, data were collected from 290 elementary school children and their parents residing in Seoul and Incheon. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference between double-income and single-income families in the frequency of family meals single-income families enjoyed fewer family leisure activities and more family meals than double-income families did. Second, the levels of family closeness were significantly predicted by the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals, and family meals more significantly predicted the levels of family closeness than did family leisure activities. Finally, the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals significantly predicted the levels of children's sociality, as did the levels of family closeness. In conclusion, family leisure and family meals are important activities that enhance family closeness and children's sociality.