• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.201-218
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• 2006

Using an instrument validated in an antecedent study, this study explored the effect of counseling and working environment variables on burnout in child counselors. The 191 counselors of this study worked with children under 18 years of age. Data were analyzed by Cronbach's a, quantification methods I. Counseling and working environment variables have 33% of ad-$R^2$ over the total score of burnout in child counselors. Variables contributing to burnout were workload, position in an institution, income from counseling, theoretical approach, and job stress. Counselors with 1-5 cases per week, working independent of an institution and using a single theory of counseling experienced more burnout, and counselors without challenge on the job, excessive role conflict, role ambiguousness, and excessive workload experienced more burnout.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.15-33
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• 2015

The present study conducted ethnography of a welfare facility for single-father families. The participants were 13 single-fathers living in a welfare facility. To explore life within the welfare facility, the qualitative research method of ethnography was used with Spradley's developmental research sequence (DRS). The major results of this study were as follows. The first theme was 'finding a way to overcome the crisis: the facility is a lifeline.' For fathers, choosing to enter a facility meant enduring a social stigma, but the decision was made with the hope of achieving successful parenting and economic independence amidst pressing difficulties. The category of living in the facility was represented by the theme 'build the family: preparing for independence through living in a welfare facility.' The fathers achieved psychological recovery through the decrease in parenting stress, improvements in their economic situation brought by living in a facility, and used this time as the foundation to gain independence and build a stable life. The event of departure from the facility was seen as 'incomplete preparation for departure' by the single fathers. The fathers with infants or younger children admitted to being anxious about leaving the facility, which involved the burden of raising the children on their own. There are practical and policy-related implications based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-141
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to determine how effective individual resources, family resources and developed environmental resources are in assisting the adaptation of a single parent's child to school life. The subjects were 284 first-year middle-school students with a single parent who were included in the first year of the Korean Children and Youth Research Panel 2010 data. The data were statistically processed using SPSS 18.0software. The results were as follows. First, the research participants' adaptation to school life, self-esteem, self-resilience, and peer relations were all shown to have an average of higher than 2 on a 4-point scale. Positive perceptions of parenting attitudes were 2.87, and negative perceptions 2.38. Computer usage was high, scoring 2.42, but mobile phone usage was average, at 2.02. Of the participants, 83.8% did not participate in a club or extracurricular activity. Second, self-esteem, self-resilience, peer relations, and positive parenting attitudes were correlated positively with adaptation to school life, but relying on a mobile phone was correlated negatively. Third, regarding the consequences of the relative effectiveness of the variables for adaptation to school life, as self-esteem, self-elasticity, and positive perceptions of parenting attitudes increased, Adaptation of a single parent's child to school life was more successful. Additionally, as annual family income and reliance on mobile phones increased, students' adaptation to school was less successful.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

The purpose of this study are the following two: first, to identify success level of elderly's Aging by their household types and second, to analyze the factors affecting successful aging. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for policy and program development for the successful life of the elderly. For this purpose, 699 single household, 1,412 couple household and 238 couple/child household data in personal survey and supplementary survey of the 4th Korean Retirement and Income Study. According to the analysis, the level of successful later life of single household is lower than that of couple or couple/children household. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting successful aging in single household. The results showed that economic activity, economic independence, housework, neighborhood affairs, family relations, and parent-child relationship were statistically significant. Economic independence, physical health, friendship, and parent-child relationship were found to affect in couple household. Physical health and friendship were found to be significant factors for successful aging in couple/child household.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.317-328
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• 2022

Trophoblasts, important functional cells in the placenta, play a critical role in maintaining placental function. The heterogeneity of trophoblasts has been reported, but little is known about the trophoblast subtypes and distinctive functions during preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes by performing unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of placental tissue samples, including those of patients diagnosed with PE and matched healthy controls. A total of 29,006 cells were identified in 11 cell types, including trophoblasts and immune cells, and the functions of the trophoblast subtypes in the PE group and the control group were also analyzed. As an important trophoblast subtype, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were further divided into 4 subgroups, and their functions were preliminarily analyzed. We found that some biological processes related to pregnancy, hormone secretion and immunity changed in the PE group. We also identified and analyzed the regulatory network of transcription factors (TFs) identified in the EVTs, among which 3 modules were decreased in the PE group. Then, through in vitro cell experiments, we found that in one of the modules, CEBPB and GTF2B may be involved in EVT dysfunction in PE. In conclusion, our study showed the different transcriptional profiles and regulatory modules in trophoblasts between placentas in the control and PE groups at the single-cell level; these changes may be involved in the pathological process of PE, providing a new molecular theoretical basis for preeclamptic trophoblast dysfunction.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2004

This study examined the use of intonation in children with single word sentences and investigated the communicative functions of pitch range and pitch direction. Two children aged 13months were observed in interaction with their mothers for 10 months. The vocalizations were coded separately for communicative function and for prosodic feature. Results show that level tones are used most frequently, and pitch range is higher for request than declaration or answer and lower for answer than request or declaration. And trends in prosodic contours were observed in request, declaration, and answer respectively. For one child, rising tones were frequently associated with request whereas rising-falling tone with declaration. For the other child, rising-level tones were more frequently associated with request whereas falling-level appeared more often in conjunction with declaration. These trends appeared more distinct in proportion as they grow in months. This result indicate that the way to express communicative functions transfer gradually from differentiating pitch range to diversify pitch direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.133-163
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between social support and child behavior problems and cognitive development in low income female-headed families. Informed by the stress-coping theory, family process model, and theoretical perspectives related to social support, this study estimates both direct and indirect effects of social support on child behavior problems and cognitive development. In particular, we focus on how the relationship between child outcomes and social support is mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The first three waves of longitudinal data from a subsample of 1,315 single and non-cohabiting low-income mothers in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were utilized in this study. Results suggest that social support is directly associated with child behavior problems and also indirectly associated with child behavior problems mediated by mothers' parenting stress. Social support did not have a direct effect on children's cognitive development but rather had an indirect effect, which was mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.121-140
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand how the economic conditions and needs of single-parent families are different between single-mother and single-father families, and also how they are dependent on household composition. The data for this study were drawn from the 1st Korea Welfare Panel Study and analyzed by frequencies, means, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, F-test, and logistic regression with the STATA 9.1 program. The major findings are as follows: (1) Single-parent families are more likely to live in a three-generation household than married couple families. (2) The composition of a three-generation household of single-parent families is affected by sex, age, education, type of marital disruption, the type of employment of single parents and the age of the last-born child. (3) The income-to-needs ratio is not significantly different depending on the sex of the single parents and their household composition. However, material hardship is significantly low in three-generation household single-parent families. (4) There are differences between three-generation single-parent families and independent single-parent families in income sources: The ratio of public transfer to total incomes is higher in three-generation households than independent households, while the ratio of private transfer to total incomes is higher in independent households.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.56
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• pp.221-251
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine whether single-parent family status affects children's school adjustment through children's self-care and media exposure. In addition, the study investigated the mediating effects of self-protection and media exposure of children by analyzing whether single-parent family status has effects on school adjustment through self-care and media exposure of children. For this purpose, we used data of 1,916 students in the 4th grade who participated in the 4th year of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The results of the structural equation modeling showed that single-parent family environment not only had direct effects on the school adjustment, but also had effects on school adjustment through self-care of children. In addition, it was revealed that self-care of children influenced school adjustment through media exposure. One of the covariates, monthly income of households, did not affect the level of children's self-care. This result draws attention to the problems of the structural deficit of single-parent families. Therefore, political measures that correspond to the structural characteristics and special needs of single-parent families, along with their current financial support, are needed to improve the level of school adjustment of children from single-parent families.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of preservice teachers toward children from single parent families. 218 preservice teachers (209 female and 9 male) who were enrolled in the department of early childhood education and child care & education were participated in this study. A questionnaire was developed based on the questionnaire developed by Song, Sung, & Han (2003). Data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.5. The results were followed. First, preservice teachers' personal experiences of single parent families did not influence their perception of children from single-parent family. Second, preservice teachers who strongly held the view of keeping traditional family structure showed negative expectations of children's school adjustment. Third, preservice teachers reported the importance to help the children adjustment at school as well as to deal with their personal and family problem. The results presented that there was an increasing need in teacher education, to develop curriculum for preservice teachers to have balanced views or reduce their biased perception against diverse family structure and children from single parent families.