• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2015

Purpose - A rapidly changing business environment places great demands on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These SMEs need to find strategic alternatives for continued growth and, ultimately, survival. Thus, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are deemed an acceptable solution. Research to date has dealt with M&A in major organizations and focused on post merger integration (PMI). Our study focuses on SMEs, as they are relatively new and unknown to the public. Therefore, this study highlights successful M&A and decision making for SMEs through a case study analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - For this study, we examined an M&A case between company S, which produces cell phone parts, and company P, which produces SSD cases. We reviewed theories and previous studies in M&A literature. We comprehensively examined the decision-making procedure at each M&A stage, describing the situation of the buying company and the selling company from the period of the M&A announcement through deal completion. In addition, we conducted interviews with both companies. The data regarding this case study were collected through interviews with managers of both companies who actively participated in the M&A process. When necessary, we asked them about additional relevant information during the interviews. Results - The result of the M&A between company S and company P was deemed acceptable with the exception of the long negotiation period. However, company S was not able to prepare for PMI after the acquisition due to a controversy over acquisition values. Moreover, the employees of the newly formed company, especially those who came from company P, complained about the M&A and attempted to leave. Thus, implications for successful M&As of SMEs are as follows: First, the procedural compliance of the M&A is needed. Second, support is needed from the CEO for the working group, rather than excessive intervention during due diligence. Third, the right, talented members of the organization should be part of the process of the M&A. Fourth, the use of various types of outside expert or business consultants is needed. Fifth, the strategic intervention by Human Resource managers is required. Last, sharing M&A information among employees is important as information dissemination will help employees be more receptive to such a change. However, this study has several limitations as a single case study; more varied SME M&A case studies are needed in order to generalize the results of the study. Conclusions - Most of the research dealing with M&As has focused on major companies and PMI and neglected SMEs. Thus, our study focuses on SMEs and the decision-making procedures for M&A. This study has significantly contributed to the literature in this area and has provided practical information around the implications of sound decision-making during M&As. Specifically, the results of the study contribute to the need for research on M&A among SMEs, which to date has often been neglected as a topic of choice.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.723-728
• /
• 2006

The species of Grateloupia filicina, Grateloupia divaricata in East Sea were investigated taxonmically in order to clarify taxonomic position. The ecological character, external morphology, anatomy of vegetative structure. Blade length are $15{\sim}40\;cm$, erect from discoidal holdfast of $3{\sim}10\;mm$ in diameter. Stipe $1{\sim}2.5\;cm$ long, narrowly cylindrical below, compressed above Grateloupia filicina. Main axis are long and compressed, $3{\sim}7\;mm$ broad in broadest part. Colors are scarlet to light red. Blade length are $10{\sim}25\;cm$, erect from discoidal holdfast of $3{\sim}8\;cm$ in diameter Grateloupia divaricata. Stipe are single and simple $2{\sim}5\;mm$ broad. Thallus composed of cortex and medulla in section ; cortex composed of $9{\sim}10$ layers of anticlinally arranged cortical cell, divided into outer, middle and inner parts. Partial fragments of nuclear 18S rDNAs from the two species of Grateloupia (Rhodophyta) were amplified using the PCR reaction and sequenced to compare their similarity. The partial sequences showed 98.9% similarity each other. Grateloupia filicina has 371 bp sizes and Grateloupia divaricata has 372 bp size. The G+C contents of Grateloupia filicina is 54.3% and Grateloupia divaricata is 53.64%.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2012

The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushroom species. In the breeding of new button mushroom, 'Seolgang' was developed by crossing two monokaryons 'CM020913-27' and 'SSU423-31'. Because of the secondarily homothallism, only a small percentage of the basidia produce 3 or 4 spores, which are mostly haploid (n) and do not fruit. Single spore cultures derived from these types of spores produce a vegetative mycelium that also contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell called monokaryon. The lack of clamp connections between monokaryon and dikaryon required a series of mycelial culture and fruiting test. After crossing, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. For this, the spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of 'Seolgang' on CDA was better at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of '505 Ho'. The mature cap shape of new strain 'Seolgang' is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 41.2 mm on average. In comparison with white strain '505 Ho', the strain had a yield that was 9% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 19% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 3-4 days later than those of '505 Ho'. The physical characteristics such as elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness were better than that of '505 Ho'. Genetic analysis of the new strain 'Seolgang' showed different profiles compared to '505 Ho', CM02913-27, SSU413-31, when RAPD primers A02 and O04 were used.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.347-351
• /
• 2003

II-Ⅵ ZnO compound semiconductor thin films were grown on $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) single crystal substrate by radical beam assisted molecular beam epitaxy and the optical properties were investigated. Zn(6N) was evaporated using Knudsen cell and O radical was assisted at the partial pressure of 1$\times$10$^{4}$ Torr and radical beam source of 250-450 W RF power. In $\theta$-2$\theta$ x-ray diffraction analysis, ZnO thin film with 500 nm thickness showed only ZnO(0002)and ZnO(0004) peaks is believed to be well grown along c-axis orientation. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement using He-Cd ($\lambda$=325 nm) laser is obtained in the temperature range of 9 K-300 K. At 9 K and 300 K, only near band edge (NBE) is observed and the FWHM's of PL peak of the ZnO deposited at 450 RF power are 45 meV and 145 meV respectively. From no observation of any weak deep level peak even at room temperature PL, the ZnO grains are regarded to contain very low defect density and impurity to cause the deep-level defects. The peak position of free exciton showed slightly red-shift as temperature was increased, and from this result the binding energy of free exciton can be experimentally determined as much as $58\pm$0.5 meV, which is very closed to that of ZnO bulk. By van der Pauw 4-point probe measurement, the grown ZnO is proved to be n-type with the electron concentration($n_{e}$ ) $1.69$\times$10^{18}$$cm^3$, mobility($\mu$) $-12.3\textrm{cm}^2$/Vㆍs, and resistivity($\rho$) 0.30 $\Omega$$\cdot$cm.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2006

[ $Mg_2Ni$ ]계 합금 입자의 수소저장 특성에 대한 표면처리 효과가 마이크로 전극 측정법에 의해 검토되었다. 카본-섬유로 된 마이크로 전극을 KOH 수용액 속에서 조정자를 사용하여 수소 단일입자에 접촉시켰다. 상온에서 $Mg_2Ni$ 합금의 수소저장 특성은 니켈 도금용액에 의한 표면 처리에 의해 크게 개선되었다. 니켈 도금용액 속에 있는 함유된 나트륨염(sodium phosphate 및 sodium dihydrogen citrate)이 합금을 아몰퍼스와 같은 형태로 만들었으며, 그 결과 상온에서 수소 흡장/방출 용량이 최초의 17[mAh/g]에서 150[mAh/g]로 향상되었다. 합금 입자 내에서 수소원자의 겉보기 화학적 확산계수를 계산하기 위하여 Potential-step 실험을 실시하였으며 데이터 해석을 위해 구형확산 모델을 적용하였다. 실험결과로서 겉보기 확산계수($D_{app}$)는 수소 흡장 및 방출되는 전 과정에서 $10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}[cm^2/s]$ 수준인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1973

몰포리노치오세미카바자이드의 결정 구조가 X-선 해석에 의하여 결정되었다. 세포 상수는 a=4.19(2), b=6.56(2), c=26.67(4)$A^{\circ}$ 이고, 단위 세포는 4분자를 포함하며, 공간 군은 $P2_12_12_1$이다. 원자좌표치는 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였으며 R값은 651개의 관측 반사를 써서 계산한 결과 0.07이다. 아미노 질소 원자는 a-축에 평행한 2회의 나선 축에 의하여 옮겨지는 다른 분자의 황원자와 3.48 및 3.49$A^{\circ}$의 수소결합을 하고 있으며 아미노 질소 원자는 a-축에 평행한 2회의 나선 축에 의하여 옮겨지는 다른 분자의 아미노 질소 원자와 3.04${\AA}$의 수소결합을 하고 있다. 이들 3개의 수소결합은 분자들을 2회의 나선축 부근에 배열하게 한다. 수소결합 이외로 분자들을 연결하는 힘은 van der waals의 힘이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.210-213
• /
• 2013

고양이 헤르페스 바이러스-1 감염과 관련된 고양이의 괴사성 안면 피부염의 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 3살된, 미거세 수컷 도메스틱 숏헤어 고양이가 2년간 지속된 소양성 피부염을 주증으로 내원하였다. 환자는 생후 약 2개월령부터 지속적인 눈꼽과 결막염을 가지고 있었으며, 눈 주위부터 안면 전체로 확대된 피부염의 병력을 가지고 있었다. 내원 당시에는 가피로 덮여있는 미란과 궤양성의 피부병변이 안면과 회음부에서 주로 관찰되었다. 피부 병변부위의 조직학적 검사 결과, 경계면 피부염을 동반한 기저층의 수포변성과 각질세포의 단세포 괴사 소견이 관찰되었으며, 호산구 침윤을 동반한 표피와 진피의 괴사와 각질세포의 핵내 봉입체도 관찰되었다. 이에 가피 부위의 가검물을 이용하여 PCR검사를 수행하였고, 그 결과 고양이 헤르페스 바이러스-1의 유전자가 검출되었다. 위의 소견으로부터, 본 증례는 고양이 헤르페스 바이러스-1 감염과 관련된 궤양성 피부염으로 진단되었고, 아시클로버의 경구투여와 고양이 인터페론 오메가의 국소투여로 피부 및 점막 병변의 뚜렷한 개선을 볼 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.620-626
• /
• 2004

2001년부터 2003년까지 3년간 부산지역의 안과 병ㆍ의원으로부터 채취한 급성 바이러스성 결막염 환자의 가검물 675 건을 대상으로 유행한 눈병 원인 바이러스의 분리 결과, 유행성각결막염의 원인바이러스인 Adenovirus 8ㆍ37형, 급성 출혈성결막염(아폴로눈병)의 원인바이러스인 Coxsackievirus A24ㆍB3형, Echovirus 6ㆍ7형을 분리하였고 인두결막열을 일으키는 Adenovirus 3ㆍ4형을 분리하였으며 Coxsackievirus A24는 2002년 아폴로눈병의 대유행과 관련하여 2002 년 8월 국내 최초로 분리하였다. 2002년과 2003년에 분리된 Coxsackievirus B3와 Echovirus 6은 지금까지 뇌수막염을 유발시키는 원인바이러스로 널리 알려져 있으나, 눈병환자에서의 분리된 것은 특징적이었다. 월별 발생양상은 주로 하절기에 집중적으로 분포하였고, 2003년에는 4월과 10월에도 높은 발생율을 보였다. 연령별 발생분포도는 10대에서 50대까지 높은 발생율을 나타내었고 유아와 60대 이상에서도 발생하였고 남녀 발생비는 1.2ㆍ1이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.321-334
• /
• 2017

Process surveillance within agricultural biogas plants (BGPs) was concurrently studied by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and an optimized quantitative microscopic fingerprinting (QMF) technique. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene amplicons, digitalized microscopy is a rapid and cost-effective method that facilitates enumeration and morphological differentiation of the most significant groups of methanogens regarding their shape and characteristic autofluorescent factor 420. Moreover, the fluorescence signal mirrors cell vitality. In this study, four different BGPs were investigated. The results indicated stable process performance in the mesophilic BGPs and in the thermophilic reactor. Bacterial subcommunity characterization revealed significant differences between the four BGPs. Most remarkably, the genera Defluviitoga and Halocella dominated the thermophilic bacterial subcommunity, whereas members of another taxon, Syntrophaceticus, were found to be abundant in the mesophilic BGP. The domain Archaea was dominated by the genus Methanoculleus in all four BGPs, followed by Methanosaeta in BGP1 and BGP3. In contrast, Methanothermobacter members were highly abundant in the thermophilic BGP4. Furthermore, a high consistency between the sequencing approach and the QMF method was shown, especially for the thermophilic BGP. The differences elucidated that using this biphasic approach for mesophilic BGPs provided novel insights regarding disaggregated single cells of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta species. Both dominated the archaeal subcommunity and replaced coccoid Methanoculleus members belonging to the same group of Methanomicrobiales that have been frequently observed in similar BGPs. This work demonstrates that combining QMF and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a complementary strategy to describe archaeal community structures within biogas processes.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2006

The effects of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on salivary glands have been recognized since 1982. The presence of purinergic recepetors(P2Rs) that mediate the effects of ATP in various tissues, including parotid and submandibular salivary gland, has been supported by the cloning of receptor cDNAs and the expression of the receptor proteins. P2Rs have many subtypes, and the activation of these receptor subtypes increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, a key ion in the regulation of the secretion in the salivary gland. The apical pores of taste buds in circumvallate and foliate papillae are surrounded by the saliva from von Ebner salivary gland(vEG). Thus, it is important how the secretion of vEG is controlled. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of P2Rs on salivary secretion of vEG. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 200 g) were used for this experiment. vEG-rich tissues were obtained from dissecting $500-1,000\;{\mu}m$ thick posterior tongue slices under stereomicroscope view. P2Rs mRNA in vEG acinar cells were identified with RT-PCR. To observe the change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ activity, we employed $Ca^{2+}-ion$ specific fluorescence analysis with fura-2. Single acinar cells and cell clusters were isolated by a sequential trypsin/collagenase treatment and were loaded with $10\;{\mu}M$ fura -2 AM for 60 minutes at room temperature. Several agonists and antagonists were used to test a receptor specificity. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNAs of $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$ and $P2Y_3$ are expressed in vEG acinar cells. The intracellular calcium activity was increased in response to $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP, a P2Rs agonist, and 2-MeSATP, a $P2Y_1$ and $P2Y_2R$ agonist. However, $300\;{\mu}M\;{\alpha}{\beta}-MeATP$, a $P2X_1$ and $P2X_3R$ agonist, did not elicit the response. The responses elicited by $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP and UTP, a $P2Y_2R$ agonists, were maintained when extracellular calcium was removed. $10\;{\mu}M$ suramin, a P2XR antagonist, and reactive blue 2, a P2YR antagonist, partially blocked ATP-induced response. However, when extracellular calciums were removed, suramin did not abolish the responses elicited by ATP. These results suggest that P2Rs play an important role in salivary secretion of vEG acinar cells and the effects of ATP on vEG salivary secretion may be mediated by $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, and/or $P2Y_3$.