• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.206-223
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to discuss the nature of pregnancy experience among unwed Korean mothers and to figure out what it meant for them, by asking some of them to reflect on themselves in a written form from interpretative and phenomenological perspective, based on van Manen's research method of the same approach. The subjects in this study were seven unmarried mothers in Korea. The data were collected from July through December 2000 through in- depth interview and observation. The statements of the participants were taped, recorded, analyzed and select essential themes. To have a phenomenological understanding of the pregnancy unmarried mothers, literary works, including essays and novels, were reviewed. The findings of this study were as below: The selected substantial themes about the pregnancy and birth experiences of the single mothers included 'hatred for boy friend,' 'hatred for the fetus,' and 'hatred for myself.' The unmarried mothers met their boy friends through the introduction of friends. At first, they were good friends, but they soon went on a date and had sexual relation with no common knowledge about sex. Most of them were aware of their pregnancy after they felt fetal movement, but they put off taking the test because they didn't want to accept the fact and feared it. Such an attitude was rare among married pregnant women, and being pregnant with no prior preparation or sexual knowledge is not common in Western countries. They felt guilty and informed their boy friends of the fact, but the boy friends didn't admit their responsibility and rejected the babies. This made the poor girls hate them, and it turned into severe abhorrence. They thought their lives were ruined by the babies, and wished they would disappear. They reproached the babies, hitting their own bellies or making a kick. They considered themselves to be abandoned and didn't want to live any more. Giving themselves up to despair, some attempted to commit a suicide. They hoped to die, thinking their death would solve the problem. When they lost a chance of abortion and were about to have the babies adopted, they felt sorry for them. The unwanted pregnancy gave them a pain, but they keenly felt they were loved by their mothers, and learned the value of family. It's attempted in this study to clearly show how much unmarried Korean mothers suffered from pregnancy, and this effort paved the way for seeing unwed mothers in a new light and having a better understanding of them, instead of sticking to general perception.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2017

The goal of marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) is to significantly reduce the number of breeding generations required by using genome-based molecular markers to select for a particular trait; however, MAB systems have only been developed for a few vegetable crops to date. Among the types of molecular markers, SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) are primarily used in the analysis of genetic diversity due to their abundance throughout most genomes. To develop a MAB system in Chinese cabbage, a high-throughput (HT) marker system was used, based on a previously developed set of 468 SNP probes (BraMAB1, Brassica Marker Assisted Backcrossing SNP 1). We selected a broad-spectrum TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus) resistance (trs) Chinese cabbage line (SB22) as a donor plant, constructing a $BC_1F_1$ population by crossing it with the TuMV-susceptible 12mo-682-1 elite line. Foreground selection was performed using the previously developed trsSCAR marker. Background selection was performed using 119 SNP markers that showed clear polymorphism between donor and recipient plants. The background genome recovery rate (% recurrent parent genome recovery; RPG) was good, with three of 75 $BC_1F_1$ plants showing a high RPG rate of over 80%. The background genotyping result and the phenotypic similarity between the recurrent parent and $BC_1F_1$ showed a correlation. The plant with the highest RPG recovery rate was backcrossed to construct the $BC_2F_1$ population. Foreground selection and background selection were performed using 169 $BC_2F_1$ plants. This study shows that, using MAB, we can recover over 90% of the background genome in only two generations, highlighting the MAB system using HT markers as a highly efficient Brassica rapa backcross breeding system. This is the first report of the application of a SNP marker set to the background selection of Chinese cabbage using HT SNP genotyping technology.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.253-275
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• 1994

Many flowering plants possess genetically controlled self -incompatibility (SI) system that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrosses. SI is usually controlled by a single, multiallelic S-locus. In gametophytically controlled system, SI results when the S-allele of the pollen is matched by one of the two S-alleles in the style, while in the sporophytic system self-incompatible reaction occurs by the interaction between the pistil genotype and genotype of, not the pollen, but the pollen parent In the former system the self-incompatible phenotype of pollen is determined by the haploid genome of the pollen itself but in the latter the pollen phenotype is governed by the genotype of the pollen parent along with the occurrence of either to-dominant or dominant/recessive allelic interactions. In the sporophytic type the inhibition reaction occurs within minutes following pollen-stigma contact, the incompatible pollen grains usually failing to germinate, whereas in gametophytic system pollen tube inhibition takes place during growth in the transmitting tissue of the style. Recognition and rejection of self pollen are the result of interaction between the S-locus protein in the pistil and the pollen protein. In the gametophytic SI the S-associated glycoprotein which is similar to the fungal ribonuclease in structure and function are localized at the intercellular matrix in the transmitting tissue of the style, with the highest concentration in the collar of the stigma, while in the sporophytic SI deposit of abundant S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLSG).is detected in the cell wall of stigmatic papillae of the open flowers. In the gametophytic system S-gene is expressed mostly at the stigmatic collar the upper third of the style length and in the pollen after meiosis. On the other hand, in the sporophytic SI S-glycoprotein gene is expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma as well as in e sporophytic tape is cells of anther wall. Recognition and rejection of self pollen in the gametophytic type is the reaction between the ribonuclease in the transmitting tissue of the style and the protein in the cytoplasm of pollen tube, whereas in the sporophytic system the inhibition of selfed pollen is caused by the interaction between the Sycoprotein in the wall of stigmatic papillar cell and the tapetum-origin protein deposited on the outer wall of the pollen grain. The claim that the S-allele-associated proteins are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen has been made merely based on indirect evidence. Recently it has been verified that inhibition of synthesis of S$_3$ protein in Petunia inflata plants of S$_2$S$_3$ genotype by the antisense S$_3$ gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plant to reject S$_3$ pollen and that expression of the transgenic encoding S$_3$ protein in the S$_1$S$_2$ genotype confers on the transgenic plant the ability to reject S$_3$ pollen. These finding Provide direct evidence that S-proteins control the s elf-incompatibility behavior of the pistil.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

떡납줄갱이 Rhodeus notatus와 흰줄납줄개 R. ocellatus 간의 자연 잡종으로 추정되는 3개체를 충청남도 아산시 좌부동 곡교천의 지류인 온양천 일대에서 채집하였으며, 이들의 부모종을 명확히 판별하기 위하여 형태학적 및 분자계통학적 분석을 수행하였다. 자연 잡종 3개체의 체색은 등 쪽이 연한 녹갈색으로 떡납줄갱이의 연한 갈색과 흰줄납줄개의 진한 녹갈색의 중간 색상이었고, 등지느러미 앞쪽 상단 및 뒷지느러미 바깥 가장자리에 붉은색을 나타내는 면적은 떡납줄갱이와 흰줄납줄개 간의 중간 크기로 나타나 전반적으로 부모종 간의 중간형질을 나타냈다. 계측 및 계수형질의 경우, 자연 잡종은 체장에 대한 가슴지느러미 기점거리의 비, 뒷지느러미 기점거리의 비와 두장에 대한 문장의 비, 양안 간격의 비, 미병장의 비, 미병고의 비 그리고 종렬비늘수 등에서 이들의 고유한 형질이 나타난 것으로 분석되었다. 핵 DNA의 rag1 유전자 영역에서 자연 잡종 3개체는 떡납줄갱이와 흰줄납줄개 간의 단일염기다형성 부위를 모두 반영하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 미토콘드리아 DNA의 cytb 유전자 영역을 이용한 분자계통도에서는 떡납줄갱이와 동일한 유전적 clade를 형성하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 분석한 자연 잡종 추정 개체들은 암컷 떡납줄갱이와 수컷 흰줄납줄개 간의 종간 잡종으로 판별되었다.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-63
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• 2020

본 연구는 중학생의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 가정의 경제적 수준과 정서행동문제(공격성, 사회적 위축, 우울), 부모구성 및 부모의 삶의 만족도의 관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, 부모구성(부모, 한부모)과 부모의 삶의 만족도에 따른 네 집단을 구성하였으며 가정의 경제적 수준과 삶의 만족도의 관계에서 정서행동문제를 매개요인으로 설정하여 다집단분석(multi-group analysis)을 실시하였다. 분석에는 한국청소년정책연구원의 한국아동·청소년패널조사(KCYPS) 초4 패널 데이터 중 5차년도 데이터를 활용하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 가정의 경제적 수준이 중학생의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 직접적인 영향력은 부모 모두와 같이 거주하며 부모의 삶의 만족도가 높은 집단에서만 유의하였다. 둘째, 가정의 경제적 수준이 중학생의 정서행동문제에 미치는 영향력은 부모구성과는 상관없이 부모의 삶의 만족도가 낮은 집단에서만 유의하였다. 셋째, 가정의 경제적 수준과 중학생의 삶의 만족도 관계에서 정서행동문제(공격성)의 매개효과는 부모 모두와 같이 거주하며 부모의 삶의 만족도가 낮은 집단 집단에서만 유의하였다. 넷째, 우울은 모든 집단에서 중학생의 삶의 만족도와 가장 높은 상관 및 경로계수를 지니는 변인으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 중학생의 삶의 만족도 향상을 위한 개입방법과 연구의 제한점 및 함의를 제시하였다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 취약계층 아동의 비만 형성에 대한 요인으로 식이 자기효능감, 신체적 자기효능감 및 아동이 지각하는 부모양육태도와의 관련성을 확인하므로 향후 취약계층 아동비만을 관리하는 간호중재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 K도 A시에 소재한 11개의 지역아동센터 방문하는 아동 중 취약계층 아동으로 본 연구에 참여하고자 부모와 아동이 함께 서면 동의한 대상자로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win(ver. 22.0)프로그램을 이용하여 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation, stepwise multiple regression을 통계 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 취약계층 아동의 비만요인으로는 식이자기효능감, 부모의 양육 태도, 가족형태·편부모가정, 부모비만여부·한 부모비만이었고, 취약계측 아동의 이들 변수의 비만요인에 대한 설명력은 32%였다. 따라서 취약계층 아동의 비만형성을 예방하기 위해 아동의 식이자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 있겠다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 향후 취약계층 아동들이 가지는 환경적요인 즉 부모양육태도, 가족형태 등을 고려한 아동과 부모가 함께 참여할 수 있는 간호중재전략개발이 필요하다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2019

'황다옥'은 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2009년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS203과 KS190을 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 1대 교잡 품종(F1품종)이다. '황다옥'의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2012년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2014~2016년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2016년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 '황다옥'으로 명명하였다. '황다옥'의 출사일수는 76일, 간장은 262 cm, 착수고율은 51%로 '장다옥'과 비슷하다. 도복은 '장다옥' 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수가 많으며, 이삭길이는 21.3 cm, 100립중은 34.7 g으로 '장다옥'과 비슷하다. 깨씨무늬병은 중강정도의 저항성이며, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 저항성이었다. 조명나방 저항성은 중 정도를 보인다. '황다옥'의 종실수량은 ha당 10톤으로 '장다옥'보다 6% 더 많았다. 2:1 (모본:부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 ha당 1.68톤이었다. '황다옥'은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.751-762
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• 2021

Objective : Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is challenging in case of wide-necked aneurysms because coils are prone to herniate into the parent artery, causing thromboembolic events or vessel occlusion. This study aims to compare long-term angiographic results of wide-necked aneurysms treated by stent-assisted, double-microcatheter, or single-microcatheter groups. Methods : Between January 2003 and October 2016, 108 aneurysms that were treated with endovascular coil embolization with a neck size wider than 4 mm and a follow-up period of more than 3 years were selected. We performed coil embolization with single-microcatheter, double-microcatheter, and stent-assisted techniques. Angiographic results were evaluated using the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RROC). All medical and angiographic records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Clinical and angiographic analyses were conducted in 108 wide-necked aneurysms. The immediate post-procedural results revealed RROC class I (complete occlusion) in 66 cases (61.1%), class II (residual neck) in 36 cases (33.3%), and class III (residual sac) in six cases (5.6%). The final follow-up results revealed class I in 48 cases (44.4%), class II in 49 cases (45.4%), and class III in 11 cases (10.2%). Of a total of 45 (41.6%) radiologic recurrences, there were 21 cases (19.4%) of major recurrence that required additional treatment, and 24 cases (22.2%) of minor recurrence. The final follow-up angiographic results showed statistically significant differences between the stent-assisted group and the others (p<0.01). Conclusion : Long-term follow-up angiography demonstrated that the stent-assisted technique had a better complete occlusion rate than the other two techniques.