• 제목/요약/키워드: Similarity Perception

검색결과 84건 처리시간 0.024초

Optimal Image Quality Assessment based on Distortion Classification and Color Perception

  • Lee, Jee-Yong;Kim, Young-Jin
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.257-271
    • /
    • 2016
  • The Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index is one of the most widely-used methods for perceptual image quality assessment (IQA). It is based on the principle that the human visual system (HVS) is sensitive to the overall structure of an image. However, it has been reported that indices predicted by SSIM tend to be biased depending on the type of distortion, which increases the deviation from the main regression curve. Consequently, SSIM can result in serious performance degradation. In this study, we investigate the aforementioned phenomenon from a new perspective and review a constant that plays a big role within the SSIM metric but has been overlooked thus far. Through an experimental study on the influence of this constant in evaluating images with SSIM, we are able to propose a new solution that resolves this issue. In the proposed IQA method, we first design a system to classify different types of distortion, and then match an optimal constant to each type. In addition, we supplement the proposed method by adding color perception-based structural information. For a comprehensive assessment, we compare the proposed method with 15 existing IQA methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more consistent with the HVS than the other methods.

한국어 단모음의 지각적 모음공간과 심적 표상 (Perceptual Vowel Space and Mental Representation of Korean Monophthongs)

  • 최양규
    • 음성과학
    • /
    • 제10권2호
    • /
    • pp.287-301
    • /
    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to examine whether the same vowel sounds are perceived differently by the two local dialect speakers, Seoul dialect speakers (SDS) and Kyungnam dialect speakers (KDS), whose vowel systems differ each other. In the first experiment SDS and KDS heard vowels synthesized in vowel space with F1 by F2 and categorized them into one of 10 Korean monophthongs. The results showed that SDS and KDS perceived the synthesized vowels differently. For example, /$\varepsilon$ versus /e/ contrast, ${\o}$/, and /y/ are differentiated by SDS, whereas they are perceptually confused by KDS. We also observed that /i/ could not be perceived unless the vowel synthesis included F3 or higher formants. In the second experiment SDS and KDS performed the similarity rating task of 10 synthesized Korean monophthongs. Two-dimensional MDS solution based on the similarity rating scores was obtained for each dialect group. The first dimension can be named 'vowel advancement' and the second 'vowel height'. The comparison of the two MDS solutions showed that the overall psychological distances among the vowels are shorter in KDS than SDS and that especially the distance between /$\Lambda$/ and /i/ is shorter in KDS than SDS. The result suggested that perception or mental representation of vowels depends on the vowel system of the listener's dialect or language. Further research problems were discussed in the final section.

  • PDF

Young Children's Use of Trait Similarity Information to Make Inference of Others

  • Yoo, Seung Heon
    • Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.83-94
    • /
    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of personality trait information on young children's perception of initial attraction in peer relationships. The sample consisted of 90 children of three to five years of age in South Korea. Children were presented with an inductive inference task where they had to make inference of a target character's preference on novel-play and prosocial act based on trait labels (smart-not smart, outgoing-shy, nice-mean) and perceptual (toy) similarity information of two test characters. Children showed difference in their use of trait information depending on the perceptual similarity information, trait valence, and inference question with age. This result provides initial support that not only do young children understand the significance of trait in peer attraction but also know when trait label is more informative to use to infer others depending on the situation.

퍼지적분을 이용한 내용기반 검색 사용자 의견 반영시스템 (Relevance Feedback for Content Based Retrieval Using Fuzzy Integral)

  • Young Sik Choi
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
    • /
    • 제1권2호
    • /
    • pp.89-96
    • /
    • 2000
  • 영상의 유사성에 대한 사용자의 주관적인지를 학습하는 방법으로 relevance feedback 기술이 사용되며, 최근 들어 이에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 대부분의 relevance feedback기술은 영상 유사성을 측정하는데 사용되는 특징이 서로 독립적이라는 가정하고 있으나, 이러한 가정은 유사성 판단을 모델링 하는데 있어서 상당한 제약을 두는 것이다. 이 논문에서는. 퍼지 측정과 Choquet 적분을 이용하여, 유사성 판단에 대한 보다 나은 모델링 방법을 제안하고, 이를 이용한 relevance feedback 알고리즘을 제안한다. 실험결과를 통하여, 기존의 가중치 평균 방식에 의한 relevance feedback보다 제안된 방식이 우수함을 보인다.

  • PDF

건축적 조화를 위한 디자인 방법론 -유사성에 의한 통일성을 중심으로- (Unification through Similarity' as a Design Principle for Achieving Harmony in an Architectural Design)

  • 추승연
    • 한국주거학회논문집
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.9-16
    • /
    • 2004
  • Architectural theories in western architecture have been considered as a basis for answering the fundamental questions of architectonics: proportion, symmetry, color, harmony and so on. Among those the architectural design theory is significant, since it affects the aesthetic evaluation of human perception. This paper gives an outline in applying the traditional design principles of architecture to contemporary architecture by 'unification through similarity' of architectural components such as form, scale, texture and color. As we see from this research, unification can be achieved in a design by the combination of the four components; that is, to balance between the four above-mentioned components in buildings, through the similarity of one or more of these components.

Perceptional Change of a New Product, DMB Phone

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Ko, Deok-Im
    • 마케팅과학연구
    • /
    • 제18권3호
    • /
    • pp.59-88
    • /
    • 2008
  • Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.

  • PDF

이미지 데이터베이스 유사도 순위 매김 알고리즘 (A Similarity Ranking Algorithm for Image Databases)

  • 차광호
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
    • /
    • 제36권5호
    • /
    • pp.366-373
    • /
    • 2009
  • 이 논문은 이미지 데이터베이스를 위한 유사도 순위 매김 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이미지 검색의 문제점 중 하나가 이미지로부터 자동적으로 계산한 하위 레벨 특성과 인간 지각과의 의미 차이이며, 검색시에 이미지 유사도 측정을 위해 많은 알고리즘에서는 민코프스키 측정법($L_p$-norm)을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 민코프스키 측정법은 인간 시각 시스템의 비선형적 특성과 문맥 정보를 반영하지 못한다. 본 알고리즘에서는 인간 지각의 비선형성과 문맥 정보를 반영하는 유사도와 탐색 알고리즘을 통해 이 문제를 해결한다. 본 알고리즘을 필기체 숫자 이미지 데이터베이스에 적용하여 성능의 우수성과 효과를 증명하였다.

실내디자인 이미지의 유사성 측정 - 관찰자 직관 기반 측정법과 알고리즘 기반 정량적 측정법의 결과 비교를 중심으로 - (The Similarity Measurement of Interior Design Images - Comparison between Measurement based on Perceptual Judgment and Measurement through Computing the Algorithm -)

  • 유호정;하미경
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.32-41
    • /
    • 2015
  • We live in the era of unlimited design competition. As the importance of design is increasing in all areas including marketing, each country does its best effort on design development. However, the preparation on protecting interior design rights by intellectual property laws(IPLs) has not been enough even though they occupy an important place in the design field. It is not quite easy to make a judgement on the similarity between two images having a single common factor because the factors which are composed of interior design have complicated interactive relations between them. From the IPLs point of view, designs with the similar overall appearance are decided to be similar. Objective evaluation criteria not only for designers but also for design examiners and judges are required in order to protect interior design by the IPLs. The objective of this study is the analysis of the possibility that a computer algorithm method can be useful to decide the similarity of interior design images. According to this study, it is realized that the Img2 which is one of content-based image retrieval computer programs can be utilized to measure the degree of the similarity. The simulation results of three descriptors(CEDD, FCTH, JCD) in the Img2 showed the high degree of similar patterns compared with the results of perceptual judgment by observers. In particular, it was verified that the Img2 has high availability on interior design images with a high score of similarity below 60 which are perceptually judged by observers.

Effects of Temporal Distance on Brand Extension Evaluation: Applying the Construal-Level Perspective to Brand Extensions

  • Park, Kiwan
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.97-121
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this research, we examine whether and why temporal distance influences evaluations of two different types of brand extensions: concept-based extensions, defined as extensions primarily based on the importance or relevance of brand concepts to extension products; and similarity-based extensions, defined as extensions primarily based on the amount of feature similarity at the product-category level. In Study 1, we test the hypothesis that concept-based extensions are evaluated more favorably when they are framed to launch in the distant rather than in the near future, whereas similaritybased extensions are evaluated more favorably when they are framed to launch in the near rather than in the distant future. In Study 2, we confirm that this time-dependent differential evaluation is driven by the difference in construal level between the bases of the two types of extensions - i.e., brand-concept consistency and product-category feature similarity. As such, we find that conceptbased extensions are evaluated more favorably under the abstract than concrete mindset, whereas similarity-based extensions are evaluated more favorably under the concrete than abstract mindset. In Study 3, we extend to the case for a broad brand (i.e., brands that market products across multiple categories), finding that making accessible a specific product category of a broad parent brand influences evaluations of near-future, but not distant-future, brand extensions. Combined together, our findings suggest that temporal distance influences brand extension evaluation through its effect on the importance placed on brand concepts and feature similarity. That is, consumers rely on different bases to evaluate brand extensions, depending on their perception of when the extensions take place and on under what mindset they are placed. This research makes theoretical contributions to the brand extension research by identifying one important determinant to brand extension evaluation and also uncovering its underlying dynamics. It also contributes to expanding the scope of the construal level theory by putting forth a novel interpretation of two bases of perceived fit in terms of construal level. Marketers who are about to launch and advertise brand extensions may benefit by considering temporal-distance information in determining what content to deliver about extensions in their communication efforts. Conceptual relation of a parent brand to extensions needs to be emphasized in the distant future, whereas feature similarity should be highlighted in the near future.

영어 원어민과 한국어 원어민의 한국어운율 인식 (Perception of Korean Prosody by Native Speakers of English and Native Speakers of Korean)

  • 이서배
    • 대한음성학회지:말소리
    • /
    • 제65호
    • /
    • pp.1-11
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study explored the perception of transplanted Korean prosody by NE (Native speakers of English) and NK (Native speakers of Korean) listeners. The Korean utterances of various sentence types produced by NE and NK were employed to transplant the original Korean prosody contours to the Korean utterances read by NE. Then, other NE and NK were instructed to rate the transplanted prosodic components. Results showed that the interactions between the two rater groups with the three factors (e.g., transplantation types & rater groups, sentence types & rater groups, sentence length & rater groups) turned out to be meaningful. Both rater groups preferred the combined effect of transplanted prosodic components (e.g. DP, DPI) to that of individual transplantation (e.g. I, D, P). Compared to NK, NE were more sensitive to duration change than pitch change whereas NK showed equal preference to the both. In sentence types such as De, Ex, Im, and Ta, NE perceived higher similarity than NK.

  • PDF