• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2013

Antibiotic is one of the mainly prescribed drugs in dental office. The substantial part of all antibiotics used in dental office is given to patients without signs or symptoms of infection to prevent infections, and antibiotics became the most widely abused prescribed drugs on the basis of inappropriate indications, dosages and durations. Considering that antibiotics are one of the drugs that affect not only a single patient but also entire populations of individuals through their collective effects on microbial ecology, the importance of proper use of antimicrobial therapy can hardly be overemphasized. Therefore, the main considerations for antibiotic therapy in denial office were summarized here.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.141
• /
• pp.225-261
• /
• 2017

Zhàn-shì is divided into the process of getting $gu{\grave{a}}$(64卦) by doing dié-shī and the process of predicting the future by interpreting it. And zhàn-shì is implicitly presupposed before these two courses that there is some kind of information about the future in $gu{\grave{a}}$ which is obtained by doing dié-shī. Otherwise, Interpretation of the $gu{\grave{a}}$ becomes fundamentally invalid. Therefore in this paper the writer tried to clarify how some kind of information about the future can be embedded in $gu{\grave{a}}$ which is obtained by doing dié-shī in zhàn-shì, that is, the basis on which Zhàn-shì can be available. And this study in relation to this subject approaches in a way that it keeps track of what 'tiānmìng(天命)' in Zhōuyì means which can be the only clue. So this paper reveals that 'tiānmìng' becomes '$gu{\grave{a}}$ which is obtained by doing dié-shī', and this again becomes 'a sign or indication related to the future which someone wants to know'. 'To know tiānmìng'[zhīmìng(知命)] is to know signs or indications related to the future which someone wants to know. These three are in mutual equivalence relation. And this paper basically requires that someone should concentrate his consciousness on the desirous thing but should not intend it in the process of doing dié-shī in order 'to receive tiānmìng'[shòumìng(受命)]. Therefore, it is clarified that there is some kind of information about the future in $gu{\grave{a}}$ which is obtained by doing $di{\acute{e}}-sh$. 'some kind of information about the future' is 'signs or indications related to the future which someone wants to know'.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.72-75
• /
• 2009

Pulmonary bullae are air-filled spaces within the lung parenchyma that result from the destruction, dilatation and confluence of adjacent alveoli. Pulmonary bullae are found most often in healthy, middle aged, large breed or deep-chested dogs that have no previous history of lung disease and bulla may occur as a result of emphysema, inflammation or trauma. Clinical signs include respiratory distress, anorexia, depression and tachypnea. In this study, a dog with respiratory distress by traffic accident was diagnosed as pulmonary bullae with pneumothorax using radiography at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, GNU. In radiographs, various sized, smooth margin, well defined, oval shaped, gas or fluid filled multiple bullae are shown in the left cranial, left caudal and right accessory lobes. At the initial stage of observation, there were indications of four bullae, two of which were not found in the following radiograph. At the same time, there were serious indications of lung consolidation that caused respiratory distress of patient. Ultimately, the patient was expired after ten hours.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2012

Purpose: We reviewed 66 cases of the glomus tumors in the hands. The purpose of this study was to review the characteristic signs and symptoms of glomus tumors and the surgical outcomes. We made hypothesis that (1) our guideline for surgical excision are reliable and (2) our surgical technique is efficient and less harmful to the nail root. Materials and Methods: The clinical diagnosis was made with occasional radiological studies and surgical excision was performed according to our indications. Patients with electrical shock-like pain by touching (the essential symptom) and at least 2 of 4 clinical signs and symptoms (cold hypersensitivity, paroxysmal pain that radiated proximally, blue discoloration, nail deformity for dorsal tumor or a palpable nodule for pulp tumor) underwent surgical excision. Results: The duration of symptoms of the patients was about 5.3 years. No difference of prevalence was found in both hands, but the thumb and the middle finger were more affected than the other fingers. The mean follow up period was 2.4 years and none of the patients complained the same characteristic pain at the last visit. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this report is the largest case series about glomus tumors in the finger tip. The clinical signs and symptoms are important to make a diagnosis of glomus tumors, and surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.50 no.8
• /
• pp.507-515
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this article is to discuss the effect of aging on the treatment of replantation and transplantation of teeth in old patients. I case of replantation and 2 cases of transplantations in old patients are reported in this article. Patients aged 65 and over are included. They had several problems such as periapical lesion, crack or foot fractures. In those cases, the replantation and transplantation were treatment of choice. White ProRoot MTA was used in apical retrograde filling and perforation repair. After replantation and transplantation of teeth, follow-up visits showed signs of healing in 3 cases. Considerations and indications for replantation and transplantation are not much affected by age. Old patients are aware that replantation and transplantation can be performed comfortably and that age is not a factor in prediction success.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2005

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome comprised of a number of symptoms and signs associated with congestion and/or hypoperfusion. Specific pharmacologic therapies have been developed to slow disease progression from early to more advanced stages. Once symptoms have developed, aggressive multimodality interventions are instituted to alleviate symptoms and improve clinical status and quality of life; especially in those patients that present symptoms. Recently, an evolving adjunctive therapeutic modality, that involves using implanted electrical devices: cardiac resynchronization with or without implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). has been used for management. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a proven treatment for selected patients with heart failure-induced conduction disturbances and ventricular dyssynchrony. When used in combination with stable, optimal medical therapy, CRT is designed to reduce symptoms and improve cardiac function by restoring the mechanical sequence of ventricular activation and contraction. This review summarizes the rationale, procedure, clinical trials, and clinical indications for CRT.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were referred from other hospitals for further management. In addition, patients routinely underwent computed tomography examinations of the head (HCT) in the referral hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the utility of routine HCT scans according to the severity of TBI. Methods: Patients with TBI referred to our hospital between December 2005 and July 2008 were included in this study. We investigated HCT findings, indications for repeat HCT examinations (routine versus a neurological change), and neurosurgical interventions. The head injury severity was divided into three categories according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, including mild, moderate, and severe TBI. The use of neurosurgical interventions between patients who underwent routine HCT scans and patients who underwent HCT scans for a neurological change were compared according to the severity of TBI. Results: A total of 81 patients met the entry criteria for this study. Among these patients, 67%(n=54) of the patients underwent HCT scans on a routine basis, whereas 33%(n=27) of the patients underwent HCT scans for a neurological change. A total of 21 patients showed signs of a worsening condition on the HCT scans. Neurosurgical intervention was required for 23(28.4%) patients. For patients who underwent routine HCT examinations, no patient with mild TBI underwent a neurosurgical intervention. However, one patient with moderate TBI and three(13%) patients with severe TBI underwent neurosurgical interventions. The kappa index, the level of agreement for HCT indications of intervention and referral reasons for intervention, was 0.65 for high hierarchy hospitals and 0.06 for low hierarchy hospitals. Conclusion: Routine serial HCT examinations in the referred hospitals would be useful for patients with severe head injury and for patients from low hierarchy hospitals where no emergency physicians or neurosurgeons are available.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.229-244
• /
• 2006

Geographical indications are signs which identify a good as originating in the territory of a specific country, region, or locality, where the quality, reputation or other characteristics of the product is essentially attributable to its geographical origin. Korea has implemented geographical indication system through its Agricultural Product Quality Control Act since 1999. This research analyzes the impacts and implications of geographical indications on a particular cultural industry in a region using a case study of Boseong green tea which is the first product that was officially registered as a geographical indication in Korea. The results show that the geographical indication has contributed to the promotion of green tea industry in Boseong not only through increase of production but also through development of tourism. The implication is that a geographical indication can be used as an effective method to cope with trade liberalization in terms of agricultural policy. Another implication is that a geographical indication provides an efficient tool for place marketing.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 2022

The therapeutic approach for colon injury has changed continuously with the evolution of management strategies for trauma patients. In general, immediate laparotomy can be considered in hemodynamically unstable patients with positive findings on extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma. However, in the case of hemodynamically stable patients, an additional evaluation like computed tomography (CT) is required. Surgical treatment is often required if prominent mesenteric extravasation, free fluid, bowel infarction, and/or colon wall perforation are observed. However, immediate intervention in hemodynamically stable patients without indications for surgical treatment remains questionable. Three patients with colon and mesocolon injuries caused by blunt trauma were treated by nonoperative management. At the time of admission, they were alert and their vital signs were stable. Colon and mesocolon injuries, large hematoma, colon wall edema, and/or ischemia were revealed on CT. However, no prominent mesenteric extravasation, free fluid, bowel infarction, and/or colon wall perforation were observed. In two cases, conservative treatment was performed without worsening abdominal pain or laboratory tests. Follow-up CT showed improvement without additional treatment. In the third case, follow-up CT and percutaneous drainage were performed in considering the persistent left abdominal discomfort, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers of the patient. After that, outpatient CT showed improvement of the hematoma. In conclusion, nonoperative management can be considered as a therapeutic option for mesocolon and colon injuries caused by blunt trauma of selected cases, despite the presence of large hematoma and ischemia, if there are no clear indications for immediate intervention.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.15-33
• /
• 2009

Objectives : To study for classifying indications and procedure of historical changes, as a preliminary study, we collected and arranged prescriptions of headaches in medical documents after "Hwang-Je-Nae-Gyeong". Methods : 1. The researcher reviewed books, as a bibliography, recording to associate with a headaches in "UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok". 2. In reference books, we collected and arranged the herb medicines related to headaches in chapter of them. 3. In case of no chapter associated with headaches in books, we found prescriptions related to headaches and rearranged them. 4. Applied or added herb medicines were excluded, if the chief virtue was not primarily for headaches. 5. Prescriptions for signs to headaches related to dizziness were excluded. 6. Prescriptions for signs to associated with tremor were excluded. 7. We excluded prescriptions of headaches for dermatological disease. Results and conclusions : 1. Thirty seven documents were referred to the section of a headche in "UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok". 2. Prescriptions of "Sang-Han-Ron", which were related to headaches, were repeatedly quoted in chinese medical publications. 3. Nameless prescriptions of headaches were recorded from earlier books to later publications. 4. It started to record prescriptions of headaches separately from "Hawl-In-Seo" in 1107. 5. Described how to discriminate Naesang from Oegam, but prescriptions of headache were not listed in Dongwon Yi's "Nae-Oe-Sang-Byeon-Hok-Ron" which was published in 1247.