• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-178
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effect of test anxiety, intelligence, and item arrangement order on test performance in Earth Science. The main purposes in this study were to investigate (1) (2) (3) (4) on test performance.: (1) the effect of test anxiety components on test performance in Earth Science. (2) the effect of item arrangement order on test performance in Earth Science. (3) the effect of test anxiety This study was designed to investigate the effect of test anxiety, intelligence, and item arrangement order on test performance in Earth Science. The main purposes in this study were to investigate (1) (2) (3) (4) on test performance.: (1) the effect of test anxiety components on test performance in Earth Science. (2) the effect of item arrangement order on test performance in Earth Science. (3) the effect of test anxiety components on test performance in Earth Science according to learner's intelligence levels. (4) test effect of item arrangement order on learner's intelligence. The hypothesis was that there is difference among test achievements scores according to (1) test anxiety-worry levels. (2) item arrangement orders. (3) item arrangement orders on test anxiety-worry levels. (4) test anxiety-worry levels on intelligence levels. (5) test anxiety-emotionality levels. (6) item arrangement orders on test anxiety-emotionality levels. (7) test anxiety-emotionality levels on intelligence levels. (8) item arrangement orders on intelligence levels. The test items selected for this study were derived from the text Science (part 1) first grade of high school. The subjects of this study were 164 of high school first grade boy students in Pusan. They were assigned to one of the three groups, according to test anxiety levels.: (1) upper 25% of total subjects designated to high group (2) middle 50% (3) low group, lower 25% of total subjects And according to LQ. (1) upper 25% of total subjects designated to high group. (2) middle 50%. (3) low group, lower 25% of total subjects Analysis of variance was used in this study for hypothesis examination. The dependent variable was the achievement scores of Earth Science test and independent variables were test anxiety(worry, emotionality) level, LQ. level, item arrangement orders. The principal findings of the present study are as follows: (1)Test achievement score trend decreases as the test anxiety (worry, emotionality) increases although the result is not statistically significant. (2)There is no significant difference among test achievement scores according to item arrangement orders. (3)The higher the LQ. is, the more effective test anxiety. And the LQ. has significant interaction effect with test anxiety. (4)There is significant interaction effect between the LQ. levels and itemqr arrangement orders.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.141-167
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• 2006

The genotoxicity of water extract of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang was tested by In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Chromosome Aberration Test: In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts was carried out using cultured Chinese hamster lung cells in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system(S-9 mix). No significant changes in the number of aberrant metaphases having structural and number of aberrations were detected in Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups. 2. Bacterial Reveres Mutation Assay: Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts was evaluated for its potential to induce reverse mutation in the histidine auxotroph strains of Salmonella typhimurium such as TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TAl537 and the tryptophan auxotroph strain of Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. No significant changes in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control were detected in Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups against all 5 strains. 3. Micronucleus test: Micronucleus test of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts were performed using specific pathogen free 7-week old male ICR mouse. No significant changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to negative control were detected in all Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups. In summarized above-mentioned results, it is concluded that Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts have not genotoxicity against In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2001

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Punsimgi-eum(fenxingi-yin) in rat model of depression induced by chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods : The change of the consumption of sucrose solution was measured, and the open field test and passive avoidance conditioning test were performed to investigate the anti-depressive effect of Punsimgi-eum(fenxingi-yin). Results : The results were as follows; I. The consumption of sucrose solution was significantly reversed in the test group at 5, 7 and 8 weeks, but there was no significant change in the control group. 2. There was no significant change of body weight after 8 weeks in each group 3. In the open field test, there was significant increase of exploratory activity in the test group. 4. In the passive avoidance test, the test group showed differences in the maintenance of retention from the control group at the 2-week training-testing interval. Conclusions : The present results suggest that Punsimgi-eum(fenxingi-yin) has an anti-depressive effect.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.262-277
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to define the effects of the roles played by the Doulas : one group educated on the conventional Lamaze method known to have effects on birth pang during delivery process and the other group educated both on Lamaze and therapeutic touch. On the various factors of delivery, and thereby, provide for some basic data to develop an effective nursing intervention to relieve women of their birth pang. 136 mothers who were hospitalized in a general hospital from June 13, 1998 to May 13, 1998 to May 13, 1999 to deliver their first babies were sampled to be divided into control group, test group I and test group II and thus be subject to interviews and observations. As for the tool of study, melzack's(1975) 'pain scale', McCaffery's(1972) and Mcrachlan's(1974) 'pain expression scales' and Spielberger's (1975) 'anxiety scale' were used. The preparatory educational programs consisted of 5week Lamaze method and therapeutic touch. The research, design was quasi-experimental, non equivalent, posttest only control group design. The collected data were processed using the SPSS/PC statistics software for frequencies, means and one-way Anova as well as Tukey HSD and Scheffe test as post hoc for individual comparison. Moreover, chi-square test was used to test the differences between groups, while Pearson's correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the correlations between anxiety and variables. The findings are as follows ; 1. The birth pain of the mothers delivering first babies scored in a subjective and objective pain scale; 1) There was a significant difference of subjective birth pain at 8~10cm opening of cervix between control group and two test groups. 2) There was no significant difference of objective birth pain as per opening of cervex among three groups in terms of sweating, facial movement, bodily posture and vocal changes. 2. There was no significant difference of trait anxiety among three groups. however, there was a significant difference of state anxiety during labor process between control group and two test groups. On the other hand, all the three groups showed a significantly lower level of anxiety during labor process than when they were carried to the hospital. 3. There was a significant difference of the time of total and first-stage labor among three groups, while there was a significant but small difference of the time elapsed from 8~10cm cervix open to the full among three groups. 4. Two test groups showed a higher frequency of natural deliveries than the control group. 5. Two test groups were subject to these drugs than the control group. In conclusion, it was found that the test group I and II showed a shorter delivery time than the control group, a higher frequency of natural delivery and a lesser use of anodyne or epidural. In particular, this study is significant to develop a nursing intervention service or a therapeutic touch which the nursing administrators can apply to their hospitals in marketing programs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1974

Antenatal care is zoomed toward3 assisting the Individual to achieve safe and wholesome state of health during pregnancy. Nature of fear is assumed to be rooted to complex interaction between past experiences, human relationship and present state of health, however. specific relationship between fear and the variables have not yet been ascertained. This study is designed to investigate the nature of fear of pregnancy, and the correlation between fear and the personal and environmental variables such as personal characteristics past experiences. and psycho-social factors. During the period from October 23 to November 5, 215 pregnant and 104 non-pregnant women of similar chronological are group residing in Seoul were interviewed according to check-list by random General anxiety test, general personality test and test for fear of pregnancy, family according to specific variables such as past experiences of Pregnancy and childbirth, structure of family, family relationship and month of pregnancy was done to the group of pregnant women. To non-pregnant group, general anxiety test was performed to compare with pregnant group. Results of the study are as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1; Degree of general anxiety will be higher e pregnant women compared to that of non-pregnant women. There is no significant difference between the general anxiety of pregnant women and that of non-pregnant women. Therefore, hypothesis I is rejected. 2. Hypothesis 2: Fear of pregnancy and general anxiety will be correlated with personality factors. Through test for fear of pregnancy and general anxiety, a meager contra-correlation between fear and only two personal factors (R and E factor) is revealed but there is no significant correlation between fear and other personal factors (A.S. and T factor). Degree of fear of pregnancy tends to b: higher in the group with low personality factors; responsibility and emotional stability expect the correlation between ascendancy, sociability, and confidence-inferiority. non-significant. Through general anxiety test, level of general anxiety tends to be higher in the group. with low personality factors; responsibility. emotional stability, and confidence except ascendency and sociability, non-significant. Hypothesis 2 is partially supported. 3. Hypothesis 3; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the past experience-ol pregnancy, and child-birth experience. Though general anxiety test and test for fear of pregnancy, non-significant difference is revealed by P〉.05 level Hypothesis 3 is rejected. 4. Hypothesis 4: General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the month at pregnancy will be correlated with the month of pregnancy. Through tests of general anxiety and fear, significant correlation is revealed degree of fear by-P〈.05 level (CR=1.98) and level of general anxiety by P〈.005 level (CR=3. 11) is higher in the earlier stage of pregnancy. Hypothesis 4 is supported. 5. Hypothesis 5, 6, 7; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with socio-economic status, family structure, and family relationship. Through general anxiety test and tear of pregnancy test, non-significant is revealed by P〉.05 level. Hypothesis 3.6.7 are rejected. Conclusion and recommendation Level of general: anxiety and degree of fear of pregnancy is shown not to be correlated with variables of past experiencers of pregnancy and child-birth. and family factors except the month of - pregnancy. Personal characteristics are shown to be partially contra-correlated meagerly with genera anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study revealed contrasted results, in regard to presence of correlation between general anxiety and fear of pregnancy to other thesis. In this context. further studies under controlled environment is recommended.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dramatic play on the hyperactive-children's self concept and their hyperactivities. The subjects for this study were 144 five-year old children of Y kindergarten in Seoul. Through the Teacher-Questionary modified by Koung-ja OH(1986) 26 children were assigned to the experimental group and the control group 13 hyperactivity-children (boy:11 girl:2) in the experimental group had dramatic play of which the main themes were positive self concept formation. but the 13 children(boy:11 girl: 2) in the control group did not any dramatic activities. Experimental procedures for the self concept test and the hyperactivity test were pre-test experimental treatment and 2 times post-test by 2 months. Self concept test used for pre-test and post-test was The data was analysed using t-test and paired t-test. The result are as follows: 1. In the pre-test for self concept the scores of the control group showed higher than that of the expe imental group. But there were significantly increased difference between pre-test and the first post0-test in the experimental group. 2. In the second post-test for self concept of the experimental group after 2 months there were no significant differences between the first post-test and the second post-test. 3. In the hyperactivity test there were no significant differences in the control group,. But the experimental group showed decreased hyperactivities in the first post-test. 4. In the second post-test for the hyperactive-children's hyperactivities in the experimental group after 2 months there were no significant differences between the first post-test and the second post-test The dramatic play influenced on the hyperactive-children's self concept positively and the decrease of hyperactive-children's hyperacivities.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2012

This study is a descriptive paper addressing the relationship between test anxiety, self-esteem and the mental health levels of freshmen and third year students of Dental Hygienics. In late 2011, we received a total of 298 questionnaires from freshmen and third year Dental Hygienics students of three South Korean universities, located specifically in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The timing of this questionnaire was significant because it was one week prior to midterm examinations. The results were as follows:1. There was a statistically significant relationship between age (t=3.017, p<.001) and grade(t=2.665, p<0.05), subjective health status(t=27.513, p<.001). 2. The lower the participants' reported mental health in general, the higher their level of test anxiety (r=.565, p<.001), broken down into two subdivisions: cognitive text anxiety (r=526, p<.001) and emotional test anxiety (r=.534, p<.001). 3. When considering the factors that influence the general mental health of participants, there were age differences. For first year students, their subjeetive health status (${\ss}$=-.300, p<.001) and test anxiety (${\ss}$=.530, p<.001) were significant. For third year students, this was also true (subjective mental condition: ${\ss}$=-.242, p<.001 and test anxiety: ${\ss}$=.350, p<.001) but self-worth was also significant (${\ss}$=.377, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that the key factors that influence the mental health level of students Dental Hygienics are test anxiety, subjective appraisal of health level, and general self-worth. A systematic approach is therefore needed to improve students' mental health and reduce test anxiety. Health management programs which address and test students' physical health will also be important in improving student performance and welfare.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

Objectives: According to the 2007 Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KNEHS), some areas in the Gyeongsang Provinces showed very high blood mercury levels in adults. We conducted this project to investigate any related health effects in children due to mercury levels in these areas. Methods: In total, 1,097 students between grades 3 and 6 at 19 elementary schools were recruited from four areas with high mercury exposure as identified by the KNEHS. Total mercury levels in biological samples were compared with health check-ups performed on the schoolchildren. Biological monitoring, supported by questionnaires, a computerized neurobehavioral test, a posturography test and a personality test, were applied. Results: Triglycerides showed a significant relation with mercury in blood, urine and hair. Total mercury concentrations were divided into two groups: upper and lower concentration groups based on the median value. In the computerized neurobehavioral test, the upper blood mercury group showed a greater reaction time for color-word vigilance (p<0.05). In the posturography test, the intensity value of the tremor test showd high significant relations with mercury levels (p<0.01). In the personality test, self-consciousness, misdeeds and family relationships showed significant differences between the upper and lower urine mercury groups (p<0.01), and specific reactions, ego resilience and hyperactivity also showed some differences (p<0.1). Conclusion: Some items in the neurobehavioral test, posturography test and personality test showed significant relations with biological mercury levels. Therefore, monitoring and appropriate management of students showing high mercury levels are recommended in order to reduce their mercury exposure.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

Dexterity is defined in the present study as interdigital manipulative skill or the fine manipulative movements of objects held between the thumb and fingers. The Grooved pegboard test has been used to evaluate dexterity requring visual-motor coordination. The purpose of this study was to standardize the completion time of the Grooved pegboard test in different age groups and gender. Normative values for the Grooved Pegboard Test was developed on the sample of 282 healthy volunteers (89 men and 183 women). Subjects were stratified according to gender and dominant hand and were subdivided into six groups by blocking. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference in completion time between dominant and nondominant hand in both men and women groups (p<.05). 2) There were significant differences in completion time between men and women group (p<.05) 3) There were significant differences in completion time among age groups (p<.05).

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2004

Comparative Statistic Module(CSM) provides more reliable list of significant genes to genomics researchers by offering the commonly selected genes and a method of choice by calculating the rank of each statistical test based on the average ranking of common genes across the five statistical methods, i.e. t-test, Kruskal-Wallis (Wilcoxon signed rank) test, SAM, two sample multiple test, and Empirical Bayesian test. This statistical analysis module is implemented in Perl, and R languages.