• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2008

An optimization-based real-time joint angle extraction method of human elbow is proposed by processing the biomedical signal of surface EMG (electromyogram) measured at the center point of biceps brachii. The EMG signal is known as non-stationary (time-varying) signal, but we assume that it is quasi-stationary because a physical or physiological system has limitations in the rate at which it can change its characteristics. Based on the assumption, a pre-processing method to obtain pre-angle values from raw EMG signal is firstly suggested, and then an optimization method to minimize the error between the pre-angle and real joint angle is proposed in this paper. Finally, we suggest the experimental results showing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2000

Signal optimization model is divided bandwidth-maximizing model and delay-minimizing model. Bandwidth-maximizing model express model formulation as MILP(Mixed Integer Linear Programming) and delay-minimizing model like TRANSYT-7F use "hill climbing" a1gorithm to optimize signal times. This study Proposed optimization model using genetic algorithm one of evolution algorithm breaking from existing optimization model This Proposed model were tested by several scenarios and evaluated through NETSIM with TRANSYT-7F\`s outputs. The result showed capability that can obtain superior solution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2221-2229
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• 2022

In this research, for improving the measurement performance of Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) set-up, a new optimization method for set-up design was proposed and investigated. At first, the calculation method for Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) was proposed. Since the SNR could be calculated and quantified accurately, the SNR was chosen as the evaluation parameter in the new optimization method. For discussing the feasibility of the SNR optimization method, two kinds of PGNAA set-ups were designed in the MCNP code, based on the SNR optimization method and the previous signal optimization method, respectively. Meanwhile, the single element spectra analysis method was proposed, and the analysis effect of single element spectra as well as element sensitivity were used for comparing the measurement performance. Since the simulation results showed the better measurement performance of set-up designed by SNR optimization method, the experimental set-ups were built for the further testing, finally demonstrating the feasibility of the SNR optimization method for PGNAA setup design.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

At present, there are few studies on signal control of pedestrian traffic flow and non-motor traffic flow at intersections. Research on the optimization scheme of mixed traffic flow signal control can coordinate and control the overall traffic flow of pedestrians, non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles, which is of great significance to improve the congestion at intersections. For the traffic optimization of intersections, this paper starts from two aspects: channelization optimization and phase design, and reduces the number of conflict points at intersections from spatial and temporal right-of-way allocation respectively. Taking the classical signal timing method as the theoretical basis, and aiming at ensuring the safety and time benefit of traffic travelers, a channelization optimization and signal control scheme of the intersection is proposed. The channelization and phase design methods of intersections with motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians as objects are discussed, and measures to improve the channelization optimization of intersections are proposed. A multi-objective optimization model of intersection signal control was established, and the model was solved based on NSGA-II algorithm.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.819-826
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• 2001

Genetic algorithms are becoming more popular because of their relative simplicity and robustness. Genetic algorithms are global search techniques for nonlinear optimization. However, traditional genetic algorithms, though robust, are generally not the most successful optimization algorithm on any particular domain because they are poor at hill-climbing, whereas simulated annealing has the ability of probabilistic hill-climbing. Therefore, hybridizing a genetic algorithm with other algorithms can produce better performance than using the genetic algorithm or other algorithms independently. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid optimization algorithm named the adaptive random signal-based learning. Random signal-based learning is similar to the reinforcement learning of neural networks. This paper describes the application of genetic algorithms and simulated annealing to a random signal-based learning in order to generate the parameters and reinforcement signal of the random signal-based learning, respectively. The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by applying it to two different examples.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to present a linear programing optimization model for the design of lane-based lane-uses and signal timings for an isolated intersection. METHODS: For the optimization model, a set of constraints for lane-uses and signal settings are identified to ensure feasibility and safety of traffic flow. Three types of objective functions are introduced for optimizing lane-uses and signal operation, including 1) flow ratio minimization of a dual-ring signal control system, 2) cycle length minimization, and 3) capacity maximization. RESULTS : The three types of model were evaluated in terms of minimizing delay time. From the experimental results, the flow ratio minimization model proved to be more effective in reducing delay time than cycle length minimization and capacity maximization models and provided reasonable cycle lengths located between those of other two models. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the flow ratio minimization objective function is the proper one to implement for lane-uses and signal settings optimization to reduce delay time for signalized intersections.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.11C
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• pp.1152-1160
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• 2003

Start The current paper proposes an improved HD(High Definition) monitor that can support a signal input with various resolutions. Due to the inadequate performance of the built-in digital PLL(Phase-locked Loop) of an ADC(Analog to Digital Converter) and poor tolerance of ADC ICs, there are problems in the stable processing of synchronization signals with various input signals. Accordingly, the proposed synchronization signal optimization technique regenerates the horizontal synchronization signal in the vertical blanking interval based on the regularity of the synchronization signal, i.e. the timing of the falling edge signal remains constant, thereby solving the above problem and minimizing the interference of the system. As a result, the proposed system can stabilize various synchronization signals with different resolution modes.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2023

The existence of abnormal breakpoint data leads to poor channel balance in wireless sensor networks (WSN). To enhance the communication quality of WSNs, a method for positioning abnormal breakpoint data in WSNs on the basis of signal reconstruction is studied. The WSN signal is collected using compressed sensing theory; the common part of the associated data set is mined by exchanging common information among the cluster head nodes, and the independent parts are updated within each cluster head node. To solve the non-convergence problem in the distributed computing, the approximate term is introduced into the optimization objective function to make the sub-optimization problem strictly convex. And the decompressed sensing signal reconstruction problem is addressed by the alternating direction multiplier method to realize the distributed signal reconstruction of WSNs. Based on the reconstructed WSN signal, the abnormal breakpoint data is located according to the characteristic information of the cross-power spectrum. The proposed method can accurately acquire and reconstruct the signal, reduce the bit error rate during signal transmission, and enhance the communication quality of the experimental object.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study developed signal optimization algorithm by analyzing vehicle arrival patterns. The major principle of signal optimization is dissipate all queueing vehicle in 1cycle and assign delay time uniformly for all approaches. For this, this study used optimal green time and surplus green time. Optimal green time calculated by estimated traffic volume from vehicle arrival model. Surplus green time defined as the gap of optimal green time and queue dissipated time. And alternative cycle has minimum surplus green time was selected as the optimal cycle. Finally, total delay and average delay per vehicle can be calculated by using queueing theory.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2019

Interleukin-21 is a common ${\gamma}$-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted $IFN-{\gamma}$ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.