• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2016

There are many free applications that need users to sign up before they can use the applications nowadays. It is difficult to choose a suitable password for your account. If the password is too complicated, then it is hard to remember it. However, it is easy to be intruded by other users if we use a very simple password. Therefore, biometric-based approach is one of the solutions to solve the issue. The biometric-based approach includes keystroke dynamics on keyboard, mice, or mobile devices, gait analysis and many more. The approach can integrate with any appropriate machine learning algorithm to learn a user typing behavior for authentication system. Preprocessing phase is one the important role to increase the performance of the algorithm. In this paper, we have proposed ensemble-by-session (EBS) method which to operate the preprocessing phase before the training phase. EBS distributes the dataset into multiple sub-datasets based on the session. In other words, we split the dataset into session by session instead of assemble them all into one dataset. If a session is considered as one day, then the sub-dataset has all the information on the particular day. Each sub-dataset will have different information for different day. The sub-datasets are then trained by a machine learning algorithm. From the experimental result, we have shown the improvement of the performance for each base algorithm after the preprocessing phase.

• 가정간호학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data required for quality improvement of home health care nursing and development of nursing services for cancer patients by examining the frequency of practices, level of service needs and satisfaction for nursing services. Methods: The subjects were 231 patients who agreed in participating on this study and were receiving home health care nursing services by the home health care advanced practice nurse from two national hospitals and four subsidiary general hospitals, located in Seoul from September 30, 2008 to February 28, 2009. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA, using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: The most frequent practices were 'checking vital sign' and 'explaining what patient want to know.' Total service need had an average of 3.03 point and emotional domain showed the highest average of 3.44 point. Total satisfaction had an average of 4.23 point and satisfaction along diseases had the highest average of 3.65 point in case of non-metastasis cancer. Conclusion: The subjects were highly satisfied with home health care nursing services which gave positive effect to them. It will be helpful to give cancer patients physical and spiritual care complementally when home health care nurses provide nursing services.

• 한국어교육
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.209-233
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo)' expressed in the discourse associating with the context of communication based on the actual conversations of Korean native speakers. As discourse is closely related to the context, contextual factors surrounding the discourse should be actively considered in order to reveal the function of grammar expressed in the discourse. Also, there is need to consider the grammatical functions in terms of the linguistic user which is the subject of interaction in the discourse. Based on this necessity, in this study, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo).' As a result, '-ketun(yo)-' had a great influence on the formation and expansion of the shared context in communication contexts. The shared context is expanded through generative mutual knowledge and priori mutual knowledge. As a result of the conversation analysis, '-ketun(yo)-' was used at a high frequency in the expansion of generative mutual knowledge formation. In addition, '-ketun(yo)-' appeared to have a discourse cohesion function that binds topics with other topics. In the case that '-ketun(yo)-' is formed through priori mutual knowledge, '-ketun(yo)-' could be used as a sign to lead the union of the speaker and the listener. This study has significance in that it examines the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo)-' in relation to the context of communication based on actual utterance.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2011

Recently, much attention has been increasingly paid to the efficiency of the delivery system in order to manage construction project in a smooth and effective way. The integrated plan in consideration of the life cycle of building is required for the effective and integrated management of information in a huge amount. To this end, collaboration between each field is indispensable from the beginning of project. But there is a limitation that the designer and the constructor sign the contract separately in the conventional delivery system. In the US, the recent trend is that the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has been introduced to improve the effectiveness of project management in an increasing number of the cases where project is implemented by utilizing the IPD. In Korea, there is also an increasing need to introduce the IPD for the integrated project management. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the laws and the contracts that are applied to domestic cases of placing order and signing contract based on the concept and principle of the IPD before the actual introduction of the IPD. Based on such examination and analysis, this study intends to figure out the constraints to the introduction of the IPD. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for IPD-related study in the future.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2024

In recent times cyber attackers can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to boost the sophistication and scope of attacks. On the defense side, AI is used to enhance defense plans, to boost the robustness, flexibility, and efficiency of defense systems, which means adapting to environmental changes to reduce impacts. With increased developments in the field of information and communication technologies, various exploits occur as a danger sign to cyber security and these exploitations are changing rapidly. Cyber criminals use new, sophisticated tactics to boost their attack speed and size. Consequently, there is a need for more flexible, adaptable and strong cyber defense systems that can identify a wide range of threats in real-time. In recent years, the adoption of AI approaches has increased and maintained a vital role in the detection and prevention of cyber threats. In this paper, an Ensemble Deep Restricted Boltzmann Machine (EDRBM) is developed for the classification of cybersecurity threats in case of a large-scale network environment. The EDRBM acts as a classification model that enables the classification of malicious flowsets from the largescale network. The simulation is conducted to test the efficacy of the proposed EDRBM under various malware attacks. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves higher classification rate in classifying the malware in the flowsets i.e., malicious flowsets than other methods.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권29호
• /
• pp.103-128
• /
• 2012

실제 대상으로부터 모사된 이미지에서 인간이 느끼는 환영의 존재에 대한 연구는 오랜 시간 동안 모사이론과 관습주의로 나뉘어 진행되어왔다. 플라톤(Plato) 이래로 오랫동안 재현(再現) 이론을 지배해온 전통적 모사 이론은 환영을 이미지와 재현 대상 간의 닮음 또는 유사성으로 설명해 왔다. 모사 이론에 따르면 이미지는 언어와 달리 대상과의 유사성에 의해 자연스럽게 인지되는 자연적 기호이다. 20세기 후반 들어 모사 이론을 비판하면서 등장한 굿먼(N. Goodman)으로 대표되는 관습주의는 이미지와 재현 대상 사이에는 어떠한 특별한 종류의 유사성도 없다고 주장한다. 그들은 회화적 기호의 관습적인 속성에 주목하면서 이미지가 언어와 마찬가지로 자의적인 코드의 중재를 통해 기능하는 관습적 기호라고 주장한다. 이러한 이론의 대립은 인지 과학의 등장과 함께 관습주의의 승리로 정리되었고, 모사이론은 원본과 복제물 간에 존재하는 '재현적 간극'의 문제에 명쾌하게 해답을 제시할 수 없었다. 그러나 사진 미디어를 시작으로 디지털 미디어가 등장하면서 '환영'에 대한 이론에 새로운 패러다임이 등장하게 되었다. 그 동안 문제가 되었던 '재현적 간극'이 디지털 미디어 기반의 CGI 이미지에서는 소멸되어버린 것이다. 현대를 살아가는 우리는 영화나 광고 혹은 인쇄매체를 통해 아주 쉽고 빈번하게 원본과 구분되지 않을 만큼 정교한 복제물에 노출되어있다. 때로는 원본보다 더욱 원본 같은 경우도 나타난다. 이러한 시대의 도래에는 대상의 모든 특성을 0과 1로 분절하여 '비물질화' 시키는 디지털이 자리 잡고 있다. 특히나 실제 빛의 기능과 메커니즘마저 완벽하게 Photon Mapping 이라는 기술로 매칭하여 모사함으로써 복제물은 더욱 원본처럼 생산되어지고 있다. 이렇게 원본과 복제본의 구분이 불가능해지면서 나타난 '재현적 간극'의 소멸은 디지털 미디어에 의해 투사되는 환영의 특성을 설명함에 있어 새로운 이론 모델의 필요성을 제시하게 되었고, 전통적 모사이론에 기반을 둔 새로운 해석이 그 답이 될 수 있음을 본 연구를 통해 가늠해보고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.214-221
• /
• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 노지감귤의 출하구조를 순별, 월별로 구분하여 분석한다. 이를 위해 노지감귤의 가격신축성함수를 추정, 분석함으로써 어떻게 출하조절을 하는 것이 노지감귤농가의 소득을 안정시키고, 증대시킬 수 있는지를 모색하고, 이에 따른 정책적 함축성을 도출하는 것이다. 노지감귤 출하물량 1% 증가에 따른 순별 가격신축성은 시기에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 10월 하순에서 1월 초순까지의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 크다. 품질이 떨어지는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_Q의 부호는 (-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 설날 연후 7일 이상이 2월에 들어있는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM02의 10월 초순부터 1월 하순까지의 부호가 (-)를 보이고 있다. 이는 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우가 물량증대에 따른 하락폭이 크다는 것을 나타낸다. 노지감귤의 출하물량 1% 증대에 따른 월별 가격신축성은 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 10월에서 12월까지의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 요구된다. 품질이 떨어지는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_Q의 부호는 (-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 설날 연후 7일 이상이 2월에 들어있는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM02의 10월부터 1월까지의 부호가 (-)를 보이고 있다. 이는 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우가 물량증대에 따른 하락폭이 크다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 순별 및 월별 가격신축성함수의 더미변수인 DOM_Q와 DUM02의 부호가 음(-)을 보인다는 것은, 품질이 좋은 해보다 품질이 나쁜 경우에, 그리고 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우에 출하조절의 필요성이 더 중요함을 의미한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.35-50
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted for the evaluation of the effects of singing program combined with physical exercise on the physiologic changes, perception function and degree of depression. The subjects were the members of elderly women's glee club in D care center for the elderly, who have been singing for more than 6 months. 30 members were allocated to study group and 30 to control group. The singing program designed for both physical therapy and music therapy was consisted of initial physical exercise, singing art songs and classical song and the finishing physical exercise. This program was performed twice a week and about forth minutes was consumed for one session. We checked the heart rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, perception function and degree of depression before and after the program. We used a pulse oxymeter to check the heart rate to oxygen saturation and a questionnaire for the evaluation of perception function and degree of depression. We need SPSS program for data analysis. The results of the investigated personnel complying with general characteristics were analyzed by frequency, two groups by t-test, data before and after the program by paired t-test, respectively. The results were as follows. 1) Heart rate after the program was significantly lower than that before program in test group(p<0.05). 2) Peripheral oxygen saturation after the program was significantly higher than that before the program(p<0.05). 3) Ability to match the right sign with a certain predetermined number was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong matching the sign with number before program was 30. But the frequency was decreased to 8 after the program. 4) Ability to calculate was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong calculation before the program was $1.10{\pm}1.94$. But the frequency after the program was decreased to $0.97{\pm}1.84$. 5) The degree of depression after the program($2.07{\pm}0.49$) was significantly lower than that before program(p<0.001). These results show that singing program combined with physical exercise improves the oxygen delivery to peripheral circulation, stability of heart function, the perception function(calculating and matching ability) and decreases the degree of depression. In conclusion, singing program combined with physical exercise can be used for the effective measure to improve the health of elderly and prevent dementia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, an average LOS of each hospital was analyzed by factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study was analyzed changing rate of LOS during 11 years. This rate was calculated by simple regression, which was used only with hospital without missing data during 11 years. This study findings are as follows. 1. The results indicated that the average LOS was steadily increased until 1990 but it was slightly decreased after 1990. 2. This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals, and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. 3. Means of changing rates of LOS were calculated from 1984 to 1994. If we devided it into two parts, before 1990 and after 1990, most changing rates of LOS before 1990 except individual owned hospital were found positive sign. The changing rates after 1990 were negative sign but small hospital(lesser then 200 bed), individual owned hospital, national & public hospital and hospital in small urban have little change of LOS after 1990. Finally from this results we thought that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this trend may be caused by a few patients, low occupancy rate, or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon is resulted from the reimbursement method. Because of fee for service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals didn't need to shorten LOS in order to save the cost and increase the profit. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We thought that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can. possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in LOS from 1984 to 1994.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2006

해설판은 자기안내식 해설에서 흔히 이용되는 정보전달 매체로서 해설효과의 극대화를 위해서는 해설판과 이를 이용하는 탐방객에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 본 연구는 중요도-성취도 분석(Importance-Performance Analysis: IPA)을 이용하여 탐방객의 인구사회학적 특성과 방문행태에 따른 자기안내식 해설판의 주요 디자인 속성에 대한 현 관리상태의 평가를 통하여 보다 효과적인 해설판 관리를 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 시행되었다. 자료수집은 2003년 8-9월중 내장산 국립공원 내 자연관찰로 탐방객을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통하여 이루어 졌으며, 총 276명의 응답이 본 연구의 분석에 이용되었다. 선정된 30개 속성에 대한 IPA 결과, 여성(23.3%)이 남성(13.3%)보다, 저연령층(43.3%)이 고연령층(0.0%)보다, 고학력 그룹(36.7%)이 저학력 그룹(0.0%)보다, 중그룹(33.3%)이 대그룹(10.0%)이나 소그룹(16.7%)보다, 아동동반 그룹(66.7%)이 아동부동반 그룹(20.0%)보다 더 많은 해설판 디자인 속성에 대하여 높은 중요도와 낮은 성취도를 보여 높은 '우선시정 필요(Concentrate Here: CH)' 항목율을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 아동동반 그룹은 가장 높은 '우선시정 필요(CH)' 항목율을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과는 다양한 탐방객을 고려한 해설판 다자인의 필요성을 시사하고 있다. 또한, 표준화된 해설판 디자인 항목의 개발을 통해서 자연관찰로의 해설판에 대한 IPA 및 여타 평가수행의 신뢰성과 효율성을 기대할수 있을 것이다.