• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the difference of the movement of the mandibular condyles between trans cranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs to view the movement of the mandibular condyles. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four paired transcranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs of patients were used to evaluate the movement of the mandibular condyle. The distances, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, were measured. The measurements were taken at closed state and maximum opening state of each radiograph on both side. Differences between matched pairs were analysed by paired t-test, with significance established at P<0.05. Results and Conclusion: The mean distance, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, was statistically different at each side (P<0.05). At closing state, the mean distance measured on panoramic TMJ radiographs was longer than on transcranial radio-graphs (0.85 mm at right side, 1.20 mm at left side). But at maximum opening state, the mean distance on transcranial radiographs was longer (1.00 mm at right side, 0.62 mm at left side) than panoramic TMJ radiographs.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.316-327
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate canal shaping ability and canal angulation change of K-file, straight endosonic K-file and pre curved endosonic K-file. Twenty staight canals and thirty curved canals were selected and divided into five groups according to canals curvature and canal instrumentation method. VI group was prepared by straight endosonic K-file and H1 group by K-file in straigt canals. V2 group was instrumented by straight endosonic K-file, V3 group by pre curved endosonic K-file and H2 group by precurved K-file in curved canals. Radiographs of canals were obtained before and after canal shaping. And postoperative radiographs were compared with preoperative radiographs using superimposition method. The results obtained were as follows ; l. In straight canals, K-file group demonstrated lager percentage of canal enlargement than endosonic K-file group on facial view, but reverse results exhibit on mesial view. 2. In curved canals, precurved K-file group showed largest percentage of canal enlargement, followed by precurved endosonic K-fine group and straight endosonic K-file group was smallest. 3. Percantage of canal enlargement at convex side was greater than at concave side in apical portion of each group. Especially in straight endosonic K-file group, percantage of canal enlargement at convex side and concave side showed sharply difference. 4. In angulation change, the straight endosonic K-file group exhibited the greatest its change, followed by precurved endosonic K-file group and precurved K-file group was the least. Above results suggest that K-file is more effective endodontic instrument than endosonic K-file, and that precurved file is effective for canal shaping in curved canal.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.423-427
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• 2001

Objective: This study was prepared to figure out a certain dimension and morphology of the condyle at the central, medial and lateral aspects on MR images of asymptomatic volunteers, which could be comparable with those of the TMD patients' condyle. Materials: Sixty TMJs from 30 asymptomatic volunteers(15 male, 15 female) who had no clinical symptoms and no disc displacement on sagital and coronal view of MRI were served as normal. Method: MR images were taken from the asymptomatic volunteers and the dimension of the anteroposterior length, mediolateral width, height, convexities were measured through the images on the sagittal and coronal sections of mandibular condyle. Then, these data were collected and analyzed. Result: The mean value of anteroposterior length was $8.00{\pm}1.21mm$ at central section and mediolateral length was $21.40{\pm}2.32mm$ on coronal view. The anterior condylar length at medial side was the shortest and the convexity of anterior slop at the lateral side was proved to be the flattest among 3 sections. There were little dimensional and morphological differences at sagittal sections, but the mediolateral width of condyle at coronal section was significantly different between male and female. Conclusion: In sagittal sections, the anterior condyle length was shortest at medial side and the convexity of anterior slop was flattest at lateral side, and there were little dimensional and morphologic differences between male and female. In coronal section, male's condyle was more wider and flatter than female's.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to offer policies or laws governing the future of Korean seafood markets in view of societal marketing concept. The environment surrounding those markets is changing quickly and constantly. The proposals in this paper are meant to help the Korean seafood market coping with this swiftly changing environment. This paper sorts this changing environment in terms of institutional side and secio-economical side. The institutional side involves the enforcement of international and domestic seafood trade standards, the increase of seafood importation, the adoption of optional seafood sales system, the openness of distribution market, and the adoption of TAC system. The secio-economical side involves the development of telecommunication and transportation, and the changing of seafood consumption pattern. The forecast about the future of seafood market could be classified into three fields, that is, the production field, the distribution field, and the consumption field of seafood. In the production field of seafood, the stabilization of supply of seafood and the production management oriented seafood market could be forecasted. In the distribution field, the formulating of enforced trade standards, the dispersion of marketing function among fisher, wholesaler and retailer, the development of marketing skills, and the promotion of marketing information system could be forecasted. Finally, in consumption field, the promotion of standardization and diversification, the appearance of intellectual consumers could be forecasted. This paper seeks to offer policies or laws fur the three categories of the seafood market-the government, the fisher, and the distributor-coping with the changing environment on the above three fields, thereby benefiting the consumer's long-term welfare. For the government, this paper suggests the construction of a Seafood Transaction Information Infrastructure, a Seafood Dealer License System, and a Seafood Safety Security System. For the fishers, this paper proposes an Eco-labelling System, a Sustainable Production System, and a Real Naming System in dealing seafood. Finally, for the distributors, this paper offers a Seafood Production Controlling System, a Nature-friendly Marketing System, and a Consumer-oriented Marketing System.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2005

As we know usually architecture of Korea landscape painting inside, pavilion(Jung-ja) and many-storied building(Ru-gak) have painted mainly. But besides general building that home, mountain fortress wall, temple, royal palace was expressed by a real view landscape painting. The main purpose of this research is to enhance the basis that can understand well tradition architecture by korea landscape painting. To achieve this goal, Even if it is same kind of building, a lot of differences become by material of roof, position of building, expenditure of building. Division of inside and outside is precious data that can know life physiognomy of general peoples. In Structural side, Expression of fabrication and value as data that can know composition and arrangement of plane are important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.34
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• pp.19-36
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• 1997

through Sid View Silhouette The purpose of this study was to pro-vide basic information for elderly women's clothing construction and to develop dress forms that can reflect the charac-teristics of their bodies. The subjects were 251 elderly women aged from 60 to 81. Data were collected from 34 photographic measurements of each subject and analyzed by factor analysis cluster analysis analysis of variance. The results were as follows: 1. A decrease in height the bustline drops as age increase. From a lateral view point most of the subjects have straight posture with protruding ab-domens but the somatotype gradually bends bends forward with age. 2) Five factors were extracted from photometric measurement which explain 81.0% of variance. 3 Through cluster analysis using 5 fac-tor scores four types were categorized. Type I was turning over somatotype Type II was swayback somatotype Type III was straight somatotype Type IV was bending somatotype according to its po-sition to the relative plumb liner and their side view contour.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.177-188
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the fitness according to drafting method of the block patterns for women in Korea. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. According to each sensory test of the frontal view, back view, side view and silhouette Block Pattern I is the best of them in summation of the sensory tests score. Block, Pattern D and I have good shape too. However the best block Pattern D shows good score in evaluation of overall fitness and silhouette. 2. Most of block patterns, which show high scores in sensory tests, are the Compromise Method taking merits of the Proportional Method and Short Measure Method among the Pattern Drafting Methods. Box-shape patterns show low score in the sensory tests. 3. Regarding to the number of measurement, the patterns of the Compromise Method using 6-8 measurements seem to be optimal. In degree of fitness, loose fit type basic patterns are better than other patterns from a viewpoint of the total satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2009

The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. This effect is used in this paper to cool objects or to heat them. A cooling/warming system with thermoelectric device is introduced and controlled with PC and LabVIEW.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classier the somatotype of late middle-aged women and to analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects were 337 late middle-aged women and their age range os from 45 to 59 fears old. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 9 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 83.56 percent of total valiance. 2. Using factor scores, cluster analysis was carried out and the subject were classified into 4 cluster. Each cluster was classified as their body front and side view contour. Type 1 is tall, slim, and lower balk is flat on the side. Type 2 is standard and lean-back type on the side. Type 3 is standard height and weight, H type in front, and belly-protruded on the side. Type 4 is short, fat, and the side is hip-protruded. 3. According to the stepwise discriminant analysis, the 9 important items in classifying the somatotype of the late middle-aged women are as follows ; lower back tilt angle, hip depth(back) -back waist depth(back), bust depth(fore) - anterior waist depth(fore), jugular fossa point(fore), upper back tilt angle, burst breadth -waist breadth, right shoulder tilt, height of shoulder - height of anterior waist, abdomen breath. The correct classification rate for these items is as exact as 84.62%.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 1985