• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 1993

Combined intramuscular administration of ketamine 8mg/kg. xylazine 2mg/kg were done to evaluate effect of anesthesia in Siberian tiger White tiger and Bengal tiger. Mean induction time(MIT), mean arousal time-(MAT). mean walking time(MWT) and clinical sign were evaluated. The results were as follows. MIT were taken 16.1$\pm$3.5 minutes for Siberian tiger. 15.5$\pm$2.4 minutes for White tiger and 12.3$\pm$2.5 minutes for Bengal tiger. MAT were taken 44.2$\pm$9.5 minutes for Siberian tiger, 48.3$\pm$8.6 minutes for White tiger and 58.7$\pm$5.8 minutes for Bengal tiger. MWT were taken 110.6$\pm$11.6 minutes for Siberian tiger, 106.7$\pm$13.1 minutes for White tiger and 99.6$\pm$10.2 minutes for Bengal tiger. Nausea. vomiting. salivation. severe convulsion. sudden decreased respiration and dyspnea were observed in Siberian tiger during sedation and anesthesia. Also, nausea, vomiting, salivation and convulsion were observed in White tiger and Bengal tiger but the clinical signs were more mild than Siberian tiger. The Bengal tiger which used combined ketamine 5mg/kg , xylazine 1mg/kg were shown reduced induction time compare with combined administration ketamine 8mg/kg, xylazine 2mg/kg in Bengal tiger as 10.8$\pm$32 minutes for MIT. 32.3$\pm$4.3 minutes for MAT and 78.5$\pm$7.3 minutes for MWT Vomiting and convulsion were observed during induction time but there were no nausea and salivation. The present results suggested that preventive methods against severe convulsion and dyspnea should be required in Siberian tiger when combined anesthesia of ketamine 8mg/kg, xylazine 2mg/kg used. Combined anesthesia of ketamine 5mg/kg, xylazine 1mg/kg in Bengal tiger might be very effective for simple surgical procedure and diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.475-479
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of chronic diarrhea from anaerobic bacteria isolated from Siberian tiger with chronic diarrhea. Major anaerobic bacteria isolated from faces were Clostridium perfringens and their population was $6 {\times} 10^3$ cfu/g feces. Antibiotic sensi- tivity test against Clostridium perfringens was performed using 6 antibiotic drugs including colistin gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, enofloxacin and penicillin. Clostridium per- fringens were sensitive to amikacin, enrofloxacin and penicillin while they were resistant to colistin. gentamicin and trmetboprim/sulfamethoxazole. And we found that chronic diarrhea of Siberian tiger was treated successfully with penicillin. These results suggested that Clostridium perfringens may bee a cause of chronic diarrhea in Siberian tiger.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-217
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• 2011

This is about the successful use of eCG and hCG for producing a Siberian tiger pup born from 10-year-old, primiparous, albino Siberian tiger. From February 2010 to July 2010, natural breeding had been tried three times with no conception. During this period of five months, estrus behaviors appeared to be typically normal and a lot of matings were observed. After consecutive failures, 1000 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) were intramuscularly injected on the day showing estrus behavior, followed with an injection of 750 IU hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) 80 hours later. The tiger stopped recurrence of estrus, and a cub, weighed 780 gram, was born alive 104 days after hCG injection. This study is the first report showing the unique, successful use of exogenous hormones as one of artificial breeding programs in the long history of captive breeding of carnivorous zoo animals in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-173
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• 1998

A case of peritonitis caused by Actinomycotic spp is reported in a 12-year-old male Siberian tiger. Grossly, the mesentery was markedly thickened and contained numerous 1 to 3 mm diameter, white to yellowish foci. Fibrous adhesion showing tumorous thickening was also noted between the mesentery and abdominal organs. Histologicallyi the thickened mesentery and masses consisted of necrotic center with bacterial colonies surrounded by eosinophilic club (Splendore-hoeppli), neutrophils, macrophages, a few Iymphocytes and fibrosis. The bacterial colonies stained positvely with Gram's stain but were negative on acid-fast and periodic acid-Schifr method. Howeverr since the bacterial culture was not availablei the definitive causative agent was not able to specified.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2022

Epididymal sperm cryopreservation provides a potential method for preserving genetic material from males of endangered species. This pilot study was conducted to develop a freezing method for tiger epididymal sperm. We evaluated post-thaw sperm condition using testes with intact epididymides obtained from a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) after castration. The epididymis was chopped in Tyrode's albumin-lactate-pyruvate 1x and incubated at 5% CO₂, 95% air for 10 min. The Percoll separation density gradient method was used for selective recovery of motile spermatozoa after sperm collection using a cell strainer. The spermatozoa were diluted with modified Norwegian extender supplemented with 20 mM trehalose (extender 1) and subsequent extender 2 (extender 1 with 10% glycerol) and frozen using LN₂ vapor. After thawing at 37℃ for 25 s, Isolate^® solution was used for more effective recovery of live sperm. Sperm motility (computerized assisted sperm analysis, CASA), viability (SYBR-14 and Propidium Iodide) and acrosome integrity (Pisum sativum agglutinin with FITC) were evaluated. The motility of tiger epididymal spermatozoa was 40.1 ± 2.0%, and progressively motile sperm comprised 32.7 ± 2.3%. Viability was 56.3 ± 1.6% and acrosome integrity was 62.3 ± 4.4%. Cryopreservation of tiger epididymal sperm using a modified Norwegian extender and density gradient method could be effective to obtain functional spermatozoa for future assisted reproductive practices in endangered species.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.504-507
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• 2009

An 1-year old male siberian tiger showing severe vomiting and blackish and frothy diarrhea for 3 days were dead in Seoul Zoo. Gross finding at necropsy were small amount of blood were found in abdominal cavity and intestine. In small and large intestine, there were necrosis and detachment epithelial cell of intestinal mucosa in histopathology. The presence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) antigen was detected by PCR. In microbiology, E.coli and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from the stool. This case was diagnosed in death induced by FPV infection according to CBC, histopathology and PCR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.522-525
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• 2011

A 14 year old female Siberian tiger presented for postmortem examination. A large mass attached to sublumbar area was found to be circumscribing aorta with metastases to mesenteric lymph nodes, uterus, kidney, adrenal gland, lung and thymus. The tumor cells were arranged in clusters or nests separated by well-developed fibrovascular stroma. The individual cells were plump and polygonal with granular eosinophilic cytoplasms and had distinct cell borders. The tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, and negative for cytokeratins, S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The primary tumor was diagnosed as a malignant retroperitoneal paraganglioma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010