• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.246-251
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare activities of shoulder girdle muscles according to types of closed chain exercise in the sixties. Methods: The subjects consisted of 15 persons in their sixties. Muscle activity of the pectoralis major, deltoid middle, deltoid posterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior were measured using electromyography according to shape of the support base and angle of shoulder flexion. According to types of closed chain exercises, muscles activities were compared by paired t-test. Significance level to verify statistical significance was .05. SPSS win (ver. 22.0) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Muscle activities of the pectoralis major, middle deltoid, trapezius lower, and serratus anterior showed significant difference according to types of closed chain exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to types of closed chain exercises of the shoulder girdle, muscle activities of the pectoralis major, deltoid middle, posterior and lower trapezius showed change of muscle activities.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to describe the correlation between the activity of the muscles of upper and lower limbs of a golf driver swing according to shoulder injury. Method : The subjects were 18 professional golfers (7 male in KPGA and 11 female in KLPGA). Using surface electromyography, we evaluated muscle activities during the golf drive swing. Surface electrodes were used to record the level of muscle activity in the left Deltoid(MD), Triceps Brachii(TB), Pectoralis(PM), Trapezius(UT), Rectus Femoris(RF), Vastus Medialis Obilique(VMO), Biceps Femoris(BF), Gastrocnemius(GCM) muscles during the golfer's swing. The golf swing was divided into five phases: take away, forward swing, acceleration, early follow through, late follow through. Results : The results can be summarized as follows: MD, VMO had statistically significant difference in take away phases, GCM had statistically significant difference in acceleration phases, MD, PM, VMO had statistically significant difference in early follow through phases, PM had statistically significant difference in late follow through phases, Conclusion : Muscle activity of the 8 muscles(Deltoid, Triceps Brachii, Pectoralis, Trapezius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis Obilique, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius) along the shoulder damage or absence of has shown that they are organically connected to each of the phases.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 2012

This study is intended to provide a basic clinical data useful for preventing shoulder injuries related to occupation and curing them, by measuring the shoulder muscle activity of normal adults in an arm posture type of a wide shoulder joint angle, according to several differences of hand grip force. In order to examine the shoulder muscle activity during hand grips at a variety of intensity, according to the arm posture type, MVCs of all subjects were measured, and %MVCs of anterior deltoid, supraspinatus, the upper trapezius and infraspinatus at 0 degree, 90 degrees and 160 degrees of shoulder angle were yielded according to the grip force in an arm posture type, changing the maximum grip force into 30%, 50% and 90%, randomly. When measuring the hand grip at 30%, 50% and 70% of the maximum grip force to compare %MVC of each group depending on the arm posture type, there were no significant differences of muscle activity at 0 degree of shoulder angle among anterior deltoid, supraspinatus, the upper trapezius and infraspinatus, but there were significant differences of it among them at 90 degrees and 160 degrees of should angle(p<.001). According to the results of post-hoc test, also, anterior deltoid had the highest muscle activity, whereas the upper trapezius had the lowest muscle activity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2012

Purpose : Purpose of this study was to investigate whether cervicothoracic posture was associated with scapula orientation and muscle activity during shoulder abduction. Methods : Cervicothoracic junction angle and thoracic kyphosis angle were measured in health twenty subjects. Then, scapular resting orientation and range of motion (upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation) and muscle activity (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior) was determined using motion capture system and surface electromyography while subjects performed shoulder abduction. Results : Cervicothoracic junction angle was significantly associated with range of motion of scapular internal/external rotation during shoulder abduction. Thoracic kyphosis angle was significantly associated with scapular resting orientation of upward/downward rotation and average IEMG of lower trapezius. Conclusion : The result of this study shows that poor cervicothoracic posture is relationship with altered scapular kinematics cause of shoulder dysfunction. These findings suggested that cervicothoracic posture may be considered in occupation and exercise including arm elevation over head as well as used as predict factor to estimate shoulder dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was implemented to measure the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder during push-up exercise according to the slope angle. METHODS: This study has research subject consisting of 25 normal male adults without neurologic or musculoskeletal injury in shoulder part. EMG was used as a tool for measuring muscle activity and four muscles including upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), Lower Trapezius (LT), and Serratus Anterior (SA) were chosen for measuring the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder. Tilting table slope was set at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ and push-up motion was performed three time for each case to use the average value. The measured value was used after generalization process to create %RVC value where the measured value was standardized by using $0^{\circ}$ as a standard. RESULTS: There was a difference of muscle activity according to the tilting table slope during push-up exercise. In UT, MT, and SA, there was no significant $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. But there was significant $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. LT was significant difference between $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ (p<.05). CONCLUSION: There are cases where push-up exercise should be selectively implemented due to shoulder problems. According to this results between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, push up will be able to more effectively exercise. Applying proper angle of tilting table for push-up to patients who have difficulties in performing motions along with physical consumption can deliver effective and easy exercise program.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2017

Background: Scapular posterior tilt (SPT) is important in the prevention of abnormal scapular movement and pain during elevation of the arm. However, previous studies have overlooked increased upper trapezius (UT) muscle activity interrupting the normal force couple of scapular motion and compensation of levator scapulae (LS) muscle activated simultaneously with UT during SPT exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of modified SPT with depression exercise versus SPT exercise on serratus anterior (SA), lower trapezius (LT), UT, and LS muscle activities and the clavicular tilt angle, in subjects with rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and myofascial pain in the UT muscle region. Methods: Eighteen subjects with RSP were recruited and randomly allocated to 2 groups; 9 in the SPT group and 9 in the SPT with depression group. All subjects met the specific RSP criteria and had myofascial pain of UT region. Depending on the allocated group, subjects performed the assigned SPT exercise and EMG data were recorded during the each exercise. Clavicular tilt angle was defined as the angle between the line joining the medial and lateral end of the clavicle and a horizontal line. Results: The SA muscle activity was significantly greater in SPT with depression than with SPT exercise (p<.05). The UT, LS muscle activity and the clavicular tilt angle was significantly lower in SPT with depression than with SPT exercise (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings were insightful because the potential risk of pain from overactivation of the UT and LS was considered, in contrast with SPT exercise. SPT with depression exercise can be implemented as an effective method to facilitate scapular muscle activity for stability and to prevent myofascial pain in the neck and shoulder.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.914-924
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the shoulder strengthening exercise by analyzing the% MVIC of the muscle activity in the shoulder rotator cuff by the difference of the stance posture and the anatomical plane. 8male subjects were randomly assigned to perform the shoulder rotation exercise 10 times on the frontal plane, the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane and the two legs stance posture, the one leg stance posture, the lunge posture. Measured muscle activity of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, anterior deltoid, rectus abdominis, erector supinea, pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi during exercise. A repetitive one-way ANOVA was performed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. First, during the external rotation on the frontal plane, the erector spinea was higher in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture and the one leg stance posture, And during the internal rotation on the frontal plane, the muscle activity of suprapinatus was higher in one leg stance posture than in the two legs stance posture and more so in the lunge posture. Second, during the external rotation on the horizontal plane, the muscle activity of deltoid anterior was higher in the one legs stance posture and in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture, and during the internal rotation on the horizontal plane, the muscle activity of infraspinatus was higher in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture and one leg posture, and the muscle activity of pectoralis major was higher in two leg stance posture than in the one legs stance posture and more so in the lunge posture. Third, during the external rotation on the sagittal plane, muscle activity of rectus abdominis was higher one leg stance posture in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture. During the internal rotation on the sagittal plane, muscle activity of supraspinatus was higher one leg stance posture in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture. And muscle activity of infraspinatus was higher in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture, one leg stance. And muscle activity of Rectus abdominis was higher in the lunge posture and one leg stance posture than in the two legs stance posture. And muscle activity of Erector spinea was higher in the two legs stance postur and lunge posture than in the one leg stance posture. In conclusion, the differences in stance and shoulder anatomy have different effects on the muscle activity of the shoulder rotator exercises, and this is expected to be a more positive exercise program when applied to the shoulder strengthening exercise program.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise on the shoulder pain and muscle activation of patients with spinal cord injury and functional shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: The study consisted of 10 patients with spinal cord injury who were hospitalized in Rehabilitation Hospital U, Uijeongbu, South Korea. The exercise was implemented three times a week for 10 weeks. In each session, the subjects performed one of a total of five types of exercise at mid-level intensity. The shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to evaluate the patients before and after the intervention. The muscle activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and anterior serratus muscle was assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) at the beginning of the experiment and 10 weeks later. Wilcoxon's singed-rank test was conducted to determine differences in the pain index and muscle activation before and after the exercise. The level of statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: SPADI scores significantly decreased after the exercise (p<0.05). In comparisons of muscle activation, there was a significant improvement in the upper trapezius at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). There was no significant improvement at $90^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion. The middle trapezius showed a significant improvement at $120^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise reduced pain in spinal cord injury patients with functional shoulder impingement syndrome. The decreased muscle activation of upper trapezius and increased muscle activation of the anterior serratus muscle at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion point to positive effects of the exercise on supraduction of the scapula.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2020

Background: Posterior shoulder tightness, which is a problem mainly seen in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome, disrupts the scapulohumeral rhythm between the humerus and scapulae. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of joint mobilization and stretching on shoulder muscle activity and internal rotation range of motion (ROM) of the glenohumeral joint in patients with impingement syndrome with posterior shoulder tightness. Methods: The research subjects included 22 in-patients with impingement syndrome with posterior shoulder tightness. They were randomly divided into two groups: one group (12 patients) was treated with joint mobilization and the other group (10 patients) was treated with stretching for the posterior shoulder tightness. Each treatment was performed five times a week for two weeks, and there were 15 sessions for each treatment. The ROM of the internal rotation and muscle activities of shoulder joint were evaluated pretest and posttest in each group. Electromyography data were collected from the upper, middle, and lower trapezius and serratus anterior during shoulder abduction of 90°, 120°, and 150°. Results: Both the joint mobilization and stretching groups showed significant decreases in muscle activity in the upper, middle, and lower trapezius on the posttest (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in serratus anterior at 150° (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between group in post-hoc analysis (p > 0.025). The internal rotation ROM was significantly increased in the stretching group compared to that in the joint mobilization group (p < 0.025). Conclusion: This study found that both joint mobilization and stretching for posterior shoulder tightness were effective in muscle activity during arm abduction, also in order to increase internal rotation ROM of shoulder joint, stretching was effective in patients with impingement syndrome with posterior tightness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.749-754
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the right shoulder's muscle activity when lifting ipsilateral and contralateral legs during the Push Up Plus (PUP) exercise, which is a typical shoulder stabilizing exercise, and to provide effective data for a shoulder stabilization exercise. Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid posterior, serratus anterior and pectoralis major, which are eight main muscles of a shoulder, were analyzed for the left and right leg lifting by using an electromyogram (EMG). The study revealed that the muscle activities of the right shoulder's upper trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, serratus anterior and pectoralis major were higher when lifting an ipsilateral (right side) leg, compared to lifting a contralateral (left side) leg. Therefore, lifting an ipsilateral leg can be an effective method for enhancing the maneuverability (mobility) of the right shoulder when lifting a single leg.