• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.856-863
• /
• 2009

The problem of urban decay in Hong Kong has drawn much attention of both practitioners and academics. Poorly managed buildings not just give a negative image to the Pearl of the Orient in the region, but also pose potential risk hazards to the health and safety of the general public. While it is necessary to devise a comprehensive plan on redevelopment and urban planning, preserving the existing buildings to maintain their conditions for habitation can be a short-term option to safeguard quality standard. With the increasing number of ageing buildings in Hong Kong, a lot of research efforts have been devoted to managing repair and maintenance projects properly (for example those initiated and funded by the Construction Industry Institute, Hong Kong; and the current study financially supported by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University). Given the short duration and more diversified nature of work, building repair and maintenance works are found to be more difficult to monitor and regulate when compared with new works. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on the problems of running building maintenance projects. An extensive review of contemporary literature was firstly conducted, which forms a solid basis for developing an empirical study on the problems and difficulties of running building maintenance projects from the viewpoints of industrial practitioners with a view to formulating effective strategies for managing maintenance projects successfully.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

Background : Use of Ma Huang is controversial. Multiple reports of adverse effects led the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) to announce about prohibiting dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids/Ma Huang. Objective : The objective of the study was to review the evidence from literature and rigorous clinical trials on the dosage, effectiveness, and adverse effects. Methods : Literature searches were conducted in U.S. FDA database after 2003 and digital Uibujeonok(醫部全錄). Hand searches of medical journal and bibliographies of identified articles were conducted. Results : Ma Huang has been used in Korean Oriental Medicine to treatment asthma and other ailments. Recently, Ephedrine/Ma Huang are used for weight loss or to enhance athletic performance in Europe and America, Korea. Ephedrine/Ma Huang are associated with increased risk of psychiatric, autonomic, or gastrointestinal symptoms, and heart palpitations. In addition to that, a risk of serious adverse events, including heart attack, stroke, epilepsy and psychiatric problem are also have been reported. Therefore, max dose of total alkaloids of ephedrine is studied in need of a specialist's part. Conclusion : In most reports, Ma Huang effectively promoted short-term weight loss and enhancement of athletic performance, But, safety with long-term use requires further investigation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2023

The utilization of methyl 2-aminobenzoate as a biocide and pesticide has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity. To assess its safety, it is crucial to determine its quantity and related toxicity using reference materials (RMs) or certified reference materials (CRMs). As an RM and CRM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate within a biocidal product matrix is currently unavailable, this study aimed to produce a high-quality RM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate, ensuring its homogeneity and stability, following the ISO Guide 35 and ISO 17034. The study determined that the produced RM exhibited homogeneity, as indicated by a calculated F-value (1.91) smaller than the critical F-value (3.02). In the assessment of isochronous short-term stability, the slope of the linear regression for the RM showed no statistically significant difference from zero when stored at temperatures of 4, 18, and 60 ℃ for 4 weeks. Regarding classical long-term stability, the RM demonstrated sustained stability over the course of one year when stored at 4 ℃. This study has successfully developed an RM for monitoring methyl 2-aminobenzoate in biocides and pesticides. Its quality underwent rigorous evaluation, confirming both homogeneity and stability.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Climate change is greatly affecting the frequency and intensity of fires around the world. The main effects of climate change on fires are rising temperatures, dry seasons and extreme droughts, changes in precipitation, increased strong winds, extended fire danger periods, and changes in natural ecosystems. Several factors due to climate change are increasing the risk of large-scale fires, such as wildfires. Research design, data and methodology: Rising temperatures caused by climate change will make forests and grasslands drier, make it easier for wildfires to occur in drier environments and spread quickly to wider areas, and the generated wildfires will release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), and the released greenhouse gases will strengthen the global greenhouse effect, further raising the temperature. As temperatures rise, the risk of wildfires increases in drier environments, and this process is repeated, leading to a vicious cycle of intensifying climate change as more fires occur and more greenhouse gases are released. Results: In conclusion, climate change is increasing the risk of fire occurrence and this phenomenon is expected to become more frequent and severe in the future. Conclusions: In order to cope with the increasing fire risk caused by climate change, fire prevention and management. Fire detection and response systems need to be strengthened, supportive policies and international cooperation are needed to restore ecosystems, and these measures, along with fire prevention, management and countermeasures, should take into account long-term climate change and adaptation as well as short-term responses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.604-609
• /
• 2016

This study evaluated the long-term performance of RSR (Reinforced Subgrade for Railways) technology which increases the railway line capacity without the need for additional land. Its characteristics include the use of a short reinforcement with rigid wall, which make it possible to apply it in confined spaces. The 7m high and 40m long testbed employed to evaluate the long-term performance was designed and constructed near Jupo station on the Chang-hang line. This line, located close to a local bus route, had collapsed at the subgrade following heavy rainfall. The performance of the new type of subgrade was verified with long term measurements over a 2 year period including the surface and ground settlement, horizontal displacement of the wall, tensile strain of the reinforcement, and settlement of the rail top on the side track. Based on the results of the measurements made until now, we concluded that it had sufficient safety and serviceability for use as a railway subgrade. It is expected that RSR technology could be frequently used at sites which lack the necessary construction materials for an embankment and are located close to functional railway lines and boundaries, in order to settle civil complaints.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.669-676
• /
• 2017

To understand the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton community structures and why early outbreaks of Cochlodinium polykrikoides occur in the inner bay of Korea, short-term investigations were conducted at 17 stations in the eastern part of the South Sea of Korea, with sessions every two weeks from July 7 to August 24, 2016. The water temperature increased from $22.3^{\circ}C$ in the first survey to $28.4^{\circ}C$ in the fourth survey, which was a rise of about $6.01^{\circ}C$. Salinity was relatively high at Stns. 8 13 in the inner bay. In the first survey, rainfall of about 150 mm was observed, so nutrients were supplied at a high level and a high concentrate of Chl. a was observed. Cryptophyta (Crpytomonas spp.) represented 58.3 % of the community, followed by Bacillariophyta at 33.8 %. In particular, at Stn. 5, Dinophyta Prorocentrum spp. accounted for a very high percentage, 32.2 %. In the second survey, low phytoplankton populations were observed, and Bacillariophyta (Chaetoceros spp.) accounted for 61.0 %. At Stn. 4, Skeletonema spp. showed high populations but did not appear at other stations even at a low density. In the third and fourth surveys, phytoplankton populations were very low. Bacillariophyta represented 78.0 % in the third study and 73.3 % in the fourth. Interestingly, although the appearance of C. polykrikoides was investigated at the beginning of the red tide in the coastal area, they were not observed inshore, implying that the likelihood of inflow by the germination of resting cysts was low for the inner bay during this study period. In addition, environmental characteristics such as salinity and nutrient presence were significantly different between sampling stations due to the existence of a semi-closed bay in the southern sea, resulting in dominant phytoplankton species and community composition differing in these short-term investigations.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of methanol extracts of fermented Camellia japonica leaf and flower. Methods : Methanol extracts of fermented Camellia japonica leaf and flower were prepared and a dose of 100 and 400mg/kg/day was administered orally into mice. And after appropriate weeks, changes of serum enzyme activities were investigated to confirm its effects on serum glucose, cholesterol and short term administration safety. Results : Fermented flower extract showed significant decrease of serum level of cholesterol. And showed no toxicity on kidney and liver within the dose of 400mg/kg/day. Conclusion : Thus above result showed no toxicity on kidney and liver in male and female mice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.31
• /
• pp.232-236
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Strabismus refers to the oculomotor muscles imbalance that results from improper alignment of the visual axes of the two eyes. It may be divided into paralytic and nonparalytic strabismus. Paralytic strabismus is primarily result from neurologic problem and nonparalytic strabismus is more strictly opthalmologic problem. At first we used this method(electroacupuncture at oculomotor muscles) and gained good recoveries for adult paralytic strabismus cases or Miller-Fisher syndrome, and I tried to know the effective and safety for children cases. Methods : We treated the case by using the electroacupuncture at paralytic oculomator muscles. The case was treated almost daily and every treatment was enforced 10 minutes. We use the PG-306 electra-acupuncture products(Suzki Iryoki Co. Japan) and apply the low consequence wave of I-8Hz Results : We found that the case was recovered perfectly in short term and appealed any sides effect or compliant. So I try to apply this treatment in many children cases and make the treating protocol for them.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study is to report a case of the paralytic strabismus with herbal medicine and acupuncture. Strabismus refers to the oculomotor muscles imbalance resulted from improper alignment of the visual axis of the two eyes. Our goal is to know the effectiveness and safety in children from oriental medicine. Methods: We treated the case by using herbal medicine, acupuncture, and etc. Results: We found that the case was recovered perfectly in short term(24days) without any side effects or complaints. Therefore, we try to apply this treatment in many children cases and to set as a guideline protocol to treat for children. Conclusions: The case showed proper oriental medical treatment is better choice for therapy than surgery or observation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.527-529
• /
• 2001

Interfaces are the point of interconnection between distributed generation and the energy infrastructure. These interfaces are generally physical but can include a market dimension as well. While there are issues surrounding various interfaces, the most important issues in the short term are on the electrical interface. Much of the discussion and debate surrounding distributed generation interconnection has centered on technical issues. However, there are two elements of Interconnection that merit equal consideration-process and contractual issues. The solution of distributed generation Interconnection issues depends on whether existing requirements can be modified to make them more efficient, transparent, and standardized while maintaining the grid's reliability and safety. In this paper, two main courses, standardization and third party participation, are suggested for the resolution of these issues.