• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.73-73
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• 2011

We will report a few methods to improve the efficiency and stability in small molecule based organic solar cells, including the formation of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) through alternative thermal deposition (ATD), the use of a micro-cavity structure and interface modifications. By ATD which is a simple modification of conventional thermal evaporation, the thicknesses of alternative donor and acceptor layers were precisely controlled down to 0.1 nm, which is critical to form BHJs. The formation of a BHJ in copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) systems was confirmed by AFM, GISAXS and absorption measurements. From analysis of the data, we found that the CuPc|C60 films fabricated by ATD were composed of the nanometer sized disk shaped CuPc nano grains and aggregated C60, which explains the phase separation of CuPc and C60. On the other hand, the co-deposited CuPc:C60 films did not show the existence of separated CuPc nano grains in the CuPc:C60 matrix. The OPV cells fabricated using the ATD method showed significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency compared to the co-deposited OPV cells under a same composition [1]. We will also present by numerical simulation that adoption of microcavity structure in the planar heterojunction can improve the short circuit current in single and tandem OSCs [2]. Interface modifications also allowed us to achieve high efficiency and high stability OSCs.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

In this study, we prepare polymer solar cells incorporating organic ligand-modified Ag nanoparticles (O-AgNPs) highly dispersed in the P3HT:PCBM layer. Ag nanoparticles decorated with water-dispersible ligands (WAgNPs) were also utilized as a control sample. The existence of the ligands on the Ag surface was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Metal nanoparticles with different surface chemistries exhibited different dispersion tendencies. O-AgNPs were highly dispersed even at high concentrations, whereas W-AgNPs exhibited significant aggregation in the polymer layer. Both dispersion and blending concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM matrix had critical effects on the device performance as well as light absorption. The significant changes in short-circuit current density ($J_{SC}$) of the solar cells seemed to be related to the change in the polymer morphology according to the concentration of AgNPs introduced. These findings suggested the importance of uniform dispersion of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and their blending concentration conditions in order to boost the solar cell performance.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2017

Ceramic powder, such as MgO, is added as a binder to prepare the green compacts of molten salts of an electrolyte for a thermal battery. Despite the addition of a binder, when the thickness of the electrolyte decreases to improve the battery performance, the problem with the unintentional short circuit between the anode and cathode still remains. To improve the current powder molding method, a new type of electrolyte separator with porous MgO preforms is prepared and characteristics of the thermal battery are evaluated. A Spherical PMMA polymer powder is added as a pore-forming agent in the MgO powder, and an organic binder is used to prepare slurry appropriate for tape casting. A porous MgO preform with $300{\mu}m$ thickness is prepared through a binder burnout and sintering process. The particle size of the starting MgO powder has an effect, not on the porosity of the porous MgO preform, but on the battery characteristics. The porosity of the porous MgO preforms is controlled from 60 to 75% using a pore-forming agent. The batteries prepared using various porosities of preforms show a performance equal to or higher than that of the pellet-shaped battery prepared by the conventional powder molding method.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2010

최근 고효율 염료감응형 태양전지를 위한 다층구조의 $TiO_2$ 전극에 대한 연구가 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 입자의 크기가 작고 큰 $TiO_2$로 이루어진 다층구조의 $TiO_2$ 전극에 대해 연구하였다. 나노구조를 갖는 $TiO_2$ 분말은 $TiCl_4$를 가수분해하여 합성하였다. 크기가 7.6 nm 및 18 nm인 $TiO_2$ 분말은 소성온도를 조절하여 얻었다. 다층구조를 갖는 $TiO_2$ 전극이 단락전류(Jsc)에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며, 또한 다층구조를 갖는 $TiO_2$ 전극이 각각의 입자만을 사용한 염료감응형 태양전지 보다 변환효율이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2014

A liquid nitrogen-cooled prepolarization ($B_p$) coil made for ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging (ULF-MR) designed to generate 7 mT/A was fabricated. However, with suspected internal insulation failure, the coil was investigated in order to find out the source of the failure. This paper reports detailed build of the failed $B_p$ coil and a number of analysis methods utilized to figure out the source and the mode of failure. The analysis revealed that pyrolytic graphite sheet linings put on either sides of the coil for better thermal conduction acted as an electrical bridge between inner and outer layers of the coil to short out the coil whenever a moderately high voltage was applied across the coil. A simple model circuit simulation corroborated the analysis and further revealed that the failed insulation acted effectively as a damping resistor of $R_{d,eff}=6{\Omega}$ across the coil. This damping resistance produced a 50 ms-long voltage tail after the coil current was ramped down, making the coil not suitable for use in ULF-MR, which requires complete removal of magnetic field from $B_p$ coil within milliseconds.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

본 논문은 경전철 급전시스템을 위한 직류보호제어장치의 개발 및 적용에 관한 것이다. 이를 위하여 직류급전계통의 단락특성을 이론과 실측자료를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 사고전류를 검출하는 기법의 개선안을 제시하여 직류 보호계전장치를 개발하였다 특히 계전기능 중 가장 중요한 고장선택계전기(50F)의 계전알고리즘을 개선하여 개발하였고, 이를 경북 경산 경전철 시험선에 설치하여 운전 중이다. 직류 보호계전기를 현장에 적용하기 위하여 그동안 불분명하고 명확하지 않았던 규정 및 규격을 개발과정에서 명확하게 정리하였다. 또한 특성시험과 EMC시험 규정 중 일부항목에 대해 시험방법이 제정되어있지 않아 IEC 규정의 분석을 통하여 객관적이고 타당한 시험회로, 방법 및 평가방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.550-551
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• 2013

Large-area RF-driven ion source is being developed at Germany for the heating and current drive of ITER plasmas. Negative hydrogen (deuterium) ion sources are major components of neutral beam injection systems in future large-scale fusion experiments such as ITER and DEMO. RF ion sources for the production of positive hydrogen ions have been successfully developed at IPP (Max-Planck- Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching) for ASDEX-U and W7-AS neutral beam injection (NBI) systems. In recent, the first NBI system (NBI-1) has been developed successfully for the KSTAR. The first and second long-pulse ion sources (LPIS-1 and LPIS-2) of NBI-1 system consist of a magnetic bucket plasma generator with multi-pole cusp fields, filament heating structure, and a set of tetrode accelerators with circular apertures. There is a development plan of large-area RF ion source at KAERI to extract the positive ions, which can be used for the second NBI (NBI-2) system of KSTAR, and to extract the negative ions for future fusion devices such as ITER and K-DEMO. The large-area RF ion source consists of a driver region, including a helical antenna (6-turn copper tube with an outer diameter of 6 mm) and a discharge chamber (ceramic and/or quartz tubes with an inner diameter of 200 mm, a height of 150 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm), and an expansion region (magnetic bucket of prototype LPIS in the KAERI). RF power can be transferred up to 10 kW with a fixed frequency of 2 MHz through a matching circuit (auto- and manual-matching apparatus). Argon gas is commonly injected to the initial ignition of RF plasma discharge, and then hydrogen gas instead of argon gas is finally injected for the RF plasma sustainment. The uniformities of plasma density and electron temperature at the lowest area of expansion region (a distance of 300 mm from the driver region) are measured by using two electrostatic probes in the directions of short- and long-dimension of expansion region.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권4A호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2004

근거리무선통신(Dedicated Short Range Communication, DSRC)은 근거러 영역의 노변장치(Road Side Equipment, RSE)와 차량탑재장치(On-Board Equipment, OBE)와의 고속통신을 수행하는 통신시스템이며, 대부분의 지능형교통시스템 서비스는 근거리무선통신에 의해 제공될 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 근거리무선통신 수신기용 하향믹서를 설계 및 제작하였다. 설계된 하향믹서는 믹서코어 회로와 더불어 RF/LO 입력 정합 회로, RF/LO 입력 발룬 회로와 IF 출력 발룬 회로가 온칩으로 구현되었다. 제작된 하향믹서는 1.9 mm${\times}$1.3 mm의 크기를 가지며, 7.5 ㏈의 전력변환이득과 －2.5 ㏈m의 lIP3, 46 ㏈의 LO to RF isolation, 56 ㏈의 LO to IF isolation, 3.0 V의 공급전압 하에서 21 mA의 전류소모로 측정되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권4A호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2005

근거리무선통신 (Dedicated Short Range Communication, DSRC)은 지능형교통시스템 서비스 제공을 위한 통신 수단으로, 수 미터에서 수백 미터인 근거리 영역의 노변장치(Road Side Equipment, RSE)와 차량탑재장치(On-Board Equipment, OBE)와의 양방향 고속통신을 수행하는 통신시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 SiGe HBT 공정을 이용하여 근거리무선통신 송신기용 5.8 GHz 상향믹서를 설계 및 제작하였다. 설계된 상향믹서는 믹서코어 회로와 더불어 IF/LO/RF 입출력 정합 회로, IF/LO 입력 발룬 회로와 RF 출력 발룬 회로가 단일칩으로 구현되었다. 제작된 상향믹서는 $2.7 mm\times1.6mm$의 크기를 가지며, 3.5 dB의 전력변환이득과 -12.5 dBm의 OIP3, 42 dB의 LO to E isolation, 38 dB의 LO to RF isolation, 3.0 V의 공급전압 하에서 29 mA의 전류소모로 측정되었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2003

This paper describes the effect of halogenic gettering during oxide passivation of commercial solar cell with the $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure. In order to study the effect of halogenic gettering on $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure mono-crystalline silicon solar cell, we performed conventional POCl$_3$ diffusion for emitter formation and oxide passivation in the presence of HCl vapors. The $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure based silicon solar cells were found to have higher short circuit current and minority carrier lifetime. Their performance was also found to be superior than the conventional $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure based mono-crystalline silicon solar cell. The cell parameters of the $n^{+}$-p-$p^{+}$ and $n^{+}$-p-$n^{+}$ structure based cells, passivated by HCl assisted oxidation were measured. The improvement in $I_{sc}$ was attributed to the effect of the increased diffusion length of minority carriers, which came from the halogenic gettering effect during the growth of passivating oxide. The presence of chlorine caused gettering of the cells by removing the heavy metals, if any. The other advantage of the presence of chlorine was the removal of the diffusion induced (in oxygen environment) stacking faults and line defects from the surfaces of the silicon wafers. All these effects caused the improvement of the minority carrier lifetime, which in-turn helped to improve the quality of the solar cells.