• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to develop the principle of space composition in Jungja of a category of korean traditional space. The results which analyzed outside space, prospect angle and preference factors for landscape with making, Jungja which has artificially constructed pond within Gyeongbug province, the subject of study were as fellows ; Size of pond was quite different in each Jungja, and its form was retangular. There was built circle island or figured ten-long life within pond. These pursued harmony of the cosmic dual force or eternal youth. Average angle of depression and horizontal angle from floor of Jungja to pond were respectively 16$^{\circ}$ 23', 48$^{\circ}$ 26'. Average angle of depression to island in pond was 13$^{\circ}$28'. Average angle of depression from floor of Jungia to wall was 2$^{\circ}$58'. With controlling height of wall, there was maintained privacy and used borrowed landscape. Tree within garden was mainly planted a deciduous tall tree, the important species of tree were bamboo, pomegranate tree, crape myrtle, etc. Variables that gave influence on landscape preference degree were things about tree and pond. On prospecting pond, these variables-feeling for shore protection, impression for water, visual depth to pond feeling for shore protection, impression for water, visual depth to pond-gave Largely influences.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.78-89
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• 2019

Coastal plantation is one of the key natural defence against the tidal surge induced tropical cyclones. In Bangladesh, a total of 81 km long coastal belt was established from Potenga to Muhuri in Chittagong. This study explores the wind protection efficiency of the coastal plantations at 28 observation points along the 81 km long Potenga-Muhuri irrigation project of Chittagong coastal belt. We found that wind protection efficiency was lowest (1.40% and 7.00%) at $1^{st}$ observation point of outside the embankment (OE) and inside of the embankment (IE) than Sea Shore (SS), respectively. On the other hand, the highest (82.89% and 95.72%) wind protection efficiency was observed at $22^{th}$ observation for Outside of the Embankment (OE) and Inside of the Embankment (IE) than Sea Shore (SS), respectively. This study also highlighted on species specific wind protection efficiency. The result revealed that 6-year old Casuarina, 6-year old mixed plantation and 10-year old Sonneretia apetala with the width of 20.12 m, 30.48 m, and 15.24 m can reduce wind speed up to 30 H, 30 H and 25 H at windward side, respectively. Analysis also showed that percentage of wind reduction was significantly higher at plantation coast than barren, and ship breaking yard coast. The findings of this study have great potentiality to contribute substantially to take more coastal embankment afforestation programs by the Government of Bangladesh and to choose the more wind resistant plant species throughout the coastal areas of the country.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.537-542
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• 2001

Recently long-span bridges, such as Kwang-Ahn Grand bridge, Seo-Hae Grand Bridge, Young-Jong Grand Bridge, etc, have been designed and constructed near the shore. It needs to maintain the durability of marine concrete structures which are exposed to severe chloride environments. It is well known that corrosion of reinforcement steels in concrete structure is the most important cause for the durability of concrete structure which can be controlled by systematic preparatory corrosion protection works for economic and safe infrastructures. Various corrosion protection systems have been used for the corrosion protection of reinforcement steels from detrimental chemical components such as chloride, sulphate and etc. Since chloride can be penetrated into concrete in a variety way, an effective method has to be adopted by taking into full economical aspects and technical data of each protection system. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in laboratory concrete specimens which are exposed to cyclic wet and dry saltwater, and then to develop pertinent corrosion protection system, such as corrosion inhibitors and cathodic protection for reinforced concrete bridges exposed to chloride environment. Resistance of various corrosion inhibitors and impressed current system have been experimentally evaluated under severe environmental conditions, and thus effective corrosion protection systems could have been Practically developed for future concrete construction.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2009

The inundation of substation and ground power equipment breaks out every summer season in low-lying downtown and low-lying shore by localized heavy rain, typhoon and tidal wave. For diminishing flood damage of electrical equipment in the root, flood protection system which is used the basic frame of Pad transformer is developed using pneumatic pressure. This system is established on pressure generator equipment and sensor of flooded level operates at flooding occurrence and is maintained a shutting tightly structure. The system is able to protect indraft water in Pad Transformer and supply the electricity at emergency(flooding). And we tested safety for insulation resistance at flooding and applying an electrical current. We estimate that loss cost which is caused by with flooding and the power failure will be diminished if it is addition to advances the reliability evaluation by setting an example.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

This research was carried out to analyze long-term shoreline change on Busan Songjeong Beach using multi-temporal remote sensed data, GPS survey data and grain size analysis. As a result of multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis, the beach was stable status till early 2000s, but the erosion occurred over whole beach after the construction of shore protection road since 2000. In the result of DEM analysis, the elevation of beach reduced and the slope of berm increased after construction of shore protection road along the coast, this means the erosion environment was dominant on the beach. But the sedimentation was slightly stronger than the erosion in northern region of the beach, then the slope of berm was gentle. In the result of grain size analysis using in-situ samples, the coarsening-trend was found in southeastern region (Line E) of the beach, it is caused by strong wave energy from the outer sea. Consequently, major causes of the beach erosion in the study area were the interception of sand supply from a dune owing to shore protection road construction and scouring phenomenon by strong wave energy in southeastern region of the beach. If the topographic or artificial change will not occur in the future, the erosion in this area will continue. Therefore the prevention measures are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2011

The present study proposes a new estimation relationship for the transmission rate of the steel breakwater which is expected to make up for the weakness points in existing hard solution for shore protection. The steel breakwater consists of the wave dissipator of the dual horizontal plates, the supporting columns and their foundations, and thus its respective designs should also be conducted one by one. Furthermore, the breakwater has to ensure both functions of shore protection and structure stabilization. The study produced experimental data for the stability and safety investigation of the steel breakwater. The forces acting on the steel breakwater were classified into two categories, one is vertical up and down loads for the pile resistance and the other was maximum difference of the vertical load acting on horizontally different position for the torsion. The study applied the stability force produced by the summation of maximum pressure at each point and the safety force acting on each point simultaneously. The regular wave corresponding to the significant wave was utilized for measuring wave pressure and force. The study showed the method for the proper position of submerged upper plate by considering occurrence frequency of tide level. The design process finally determined by trial and error is proposed in the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.958-960
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

In this paper, a damaged example of hanging guide frame used in the lifting of shore protection caisson was investigated. An examination of the stress and stability of members was carried out by structural analysis and the causes of damages was investigated. The stability analysis considering local and global stress buckling was performed. As a result of stability analysis. the first structure was unstable structure. Therefore improved structure was examined and the best effective methodology was the reassignment of wire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.38-41
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• 1993

본 모형은 미 공병단에서 개발한 Automated Coastal Engineering System(ACES)중에 포함되어 있는 것으로 바람자료로 부터 파랑을 손쉽게 추정하기 위한 것이다. 바람에 의한 파랑발달과정은 그 기구가 매우 복잡하여 아직도 그 일부만이 밝혀진 상해이다. 바람에 의한 파랑의 발생기구에 대한 연구와 이들 연구를 바탕으로 개발된 수치모형에 대해서는 Shore Protection Manual(SPM)(1984)에 잘 정리되어 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

This study examined the practical application of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) based alkali-activated (AA) binders for the development of cementless environmental-friendly secondary products of concrete, such as brick, shore protection blocks and interlocking blocks. The addition amount and type of alkaline ion to activate GGBS varied according to the diverse qualities of the secondary products of concrete required in Korean industrial standards (KS) and other specifications. Test results showed that the secondary products of concrete using GGBS-based AA binders surpassed the demanded capacities of KS and other specifications. In addition, shore protection block had a pH value close to neutral, enabling an advantageous environment for marine life. Therefore, the GGBS-based AA binders can be effectively applied to develop eco-friendly secondary products of concrete with reduced $CO_2$.