• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2023

In this paper, we examine the roles, mutual relationships, and guidelines for a healthy life as exemplified by the characters Santiago and Manolin in Ernest Hemingway's novel "The Old Man and the Sea" and use this content to compare the happy home life of elderly couples in Korea. Through a metaphorical exploration of the lives of elderly husbands and wives in Korean society, the study examines their significance as the core of the family, particularly during their senior years. Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" portrays Santiago as a unique embodiment of virtue and humanity. As an elderly male fisherman, he symbolizes a profound connection with the sea, as well as qualities such as courage, patience, and unwavering passion. His story underscores the importance of pursuing new goals and maintaining hope even in old age. The relationship between Santiago and Manolin provides insights into the dynamics of elderly husbands and wives in their domestic lives. Manolin's unwavering support for Santiago and his understanding of Santiago's dreams exemplify the significance of mutual support and the establishment of common goals for elderly couples. These characters serve as exemplary models for understanding and supporting one another within a family setting. Within the context of family life, applying these exemplary models and relationship dynamics fosters mutual respect, collaboration, emotional expression, and effective communication. Supporting each other and working towards common goals can enhance the family atmosphere, resolve conflicts, and enrich domestic life. Furthermore, when elderly couples share common goals and enjoy activities together, they strengthen their bond and create a more fulfilling family life. These shared activities deepen the affection between elderly husbands and wives and contribute to a thriving household. Through the characters of Santiago and Manolin in "The Old Man and the Sea," we present in this study a deeper understanding of the values and roles within the domestic lives and affection of elderly husbands and wives. Mutual respect, collaboration, emotional expression, communication, mutual support, common goals, hope, and shared domestic activities all play pivotal roles in maintaining a healthy family life and establishing happiness and well-being within the family. We expect this study to offer valuable insights into the fields of family studies, elderly welfare, and sociology.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.204-213
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• 2021

Purpose: At the end of life, communication is a key factor for good care. However, in clinical practice, it is difficult to adequately discuss end-of-life care. In order to understand and analyze how decision-making related to life-sustaining treatment (LST) is performed, the shared decision-making (SDM) behaviors of physicians were investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was designed after reviewing the literature on attitudes toward SDM or decision-making related to LST. A final item was added after consulting experts. The survey was completed by internal medicine residents and hematologists/medical oncologists who treat terminal cancer patients. Results: In total, 202 respondents completed the questionnaire, and 88.6% said that the decision to continue or end LST is usually a result of SDM since they believed that sufficient explanation is provided to patients and caregivers, patients and caregivers make their own decisions according to their values, and there is sufficient time for patients and caregivers to make a decision. Expected satisfaction with the decision-making process was the highest for caregivers (57.4%), followed by physicians (49.5%) and patients (41.1%). In total, 38.1% of respondents said that SDM was adequately practiced when making decisions related to LST. The most common reason for inadequate SDM was time pressure (89.6%). Conclusion: Although most physicians answered that they practiced SDM when making decisions regarding LST, satisfactory SDM is rarely practiced in the clinical field. A model for the proper implementation of SDM is needed, and additional studies must be conducted to develop an SDM model in collaboration with other academic organizations.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1334-1341
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• 2016

In recent years, the importance of managing software defects in the implementation stage has emerged because of the rapid development and wide-range usage of intelligent smart devices. Even if not a few studies have been conducted on the prediction models for software defects, their outcomes have not been widely shared. This paper proposes an efficient probabilistic management model of software metrics based on the Bayesian network, to overcome limits such as binary defect prediction models. We expect the proposed model to configure the Bayesian network by taking advantage of various software metrics, which can help in identifying improvements for refactoring. Once the source code has improved through code refactoring, the measured related metric values will also change. The proposed model presents probability values reflecting the effects after defect removal, which can be achieved by improving metrics through refactoring. This model could cope with the conclusive binary predictions, and consequently secure flexibilities on decision making, using indeterminate probability values.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 1995

Two forms of glucoamylase (GI and GII) from starch-grown Lipomyces kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant were purified to apparent homogeneity by means of ultrafiltration, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was calculated as ca. 150 kDa for GI and ca. 128 kDa for GII, respectively. Both enzymes were glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 5.6 (GI) and 5.4 (GII). They had a pH optimun of 4.5 and were stable from pH 5 to 8. The temperature optimum for both enzymes was $60^{\circ}C$, but they were rapidly inactivated above $70^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ values toward starch were estimated to be 6.57 mg per ml for GI and 4.52 mg per ml for GII, and the $V_{max}$ values were 16.28 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GI and 32.25 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GII, respectively. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of GII for ${\alpha}-$ or ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were estimated to be 0.15 mg per ml and 2.0 mg per ml, respectively ($K_m$) and 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg or 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg, respectively ($V_{max}$). Neither enzyme exhibited pullulanase activity but they released only glucose from starch or cyclodextrin. Amino acid analysis indicated that both glucoamylases were enriched in proline and acid amino acids. Glucoamylase GII strongly cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised against GI enzymes, and the two enzymes shared very similar amino acid composition. Western blot analysis indicated that L. kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant produced two forms of glucoamylase on starch, and that synthesis of them was subject to glucose repression.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

This study empirically examines the impact of firms' environmental (E), social (S), and governancial (G) factors on their short-term and long-term values. To measure firms' non-financial performance, we use ESG performance grades published by KCGS (Korea Corporate Governance Service). We employ stock log return as the proxy of each firm's short-term value, and Tobin's Q ratio as that of its long-term value. From a series of regression analyses, we find each of the ESG factors generally has a negative impact on stock return while it has a positive impact on the Tobin's Q ratio. These results imply that firms' effort for enhancing their non-financial performance may adversely affect their financial performance in a short term; but in the long-term point of view, firms' values increase through their good images engraved by their respective social, environmental and governancial efforts. In addition, we compare the relative strength of impact among E, S, G, the three non-financial factors on the firms' value measured in Tobin's Q ratio, and find that S (social factor) and G (governancial factor) give statistically significant impact on the firms' value respectively. This result tells us it would be advised to strategically embed CSV (creating shared value) pursuing both of profits and social responsibility in the firms' future agenda. While E (environmental factor) is shown to be an insignificant factor for the firms' value, it should be emphasized as a major concern by all the stakeholders in order to form a sound business ecosystem.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.49-62
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the flood control capacity of the agricultural reservoir based on state-of-the-art climate change scenario - SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways). 18 agricultural reservoirs were selected as the study sites, and future rainfall data based on SSP scenario provided by CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6) was applied to analyze the impact of climate change. The frequency analysis module, the rainfall-runoff module, the reservoir operation module, and their linkage system were built and applied to simulate probable rainfall, maximum inflow, maximum outflow, and maximum water level of the reservoirs. And the maximum values were compared with the design values, such as design flood of reservoirs, design flood of direct downstream, and top of dam elevation, respectively. According to whether or not the maximum values exceed each design value, cases were divided into eight categories; I-O-H, I-O, I-H, I, O-H, O, H, X. Probable rainfall (200-yr frequency, 12-h duration) for observed data (1973~2020) was a maximum of 445.2 mm and increased to 619.1~1,359.7 mm in the future (2011~2100). For the present, 61.1% of the reservoirs corresponded to I-O, which means the reservoirs have sufficient capacity to discharge large inflow; however, there is a risk of overflowing downstream due to excessive outflow. For the future, six reservoirs (Idong, Baekgok, Yedang, Tapjung, Naju, Jangsung) were changed from I-O to I-O-H, which means inflow increases beyond the discharge capacity due to climate change, and there is a risk of collapse due to dam overflow.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the first echo boomer to second in the needs for family strengths and family functions, after controlling the sociodemographic characteristics. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 406 never-married young adults, which has 182 first echo boomers and 224 seconds echo boomers as using the same self-report questionnaire. Results: First, the two echo boomer groups exhibited similar patterns in their perception of the three family strengths, positive family values, pursuit of coexistence, and spiritual value, in that order. On the other hand, in regard to family functions, groups' perceived emotion entertainment leisure function as core functions of the family, but the second echo boomers, unlike the first echo boomers, expressed a higher need for economic functions rather than functions for children generation. Second, the analysis of this study indicated that, even in cases where first and second echo boomers had the same social-demographic characteristics, the latter in contrast with the former tended not to regard spiritual values such love for shared ethical values, compassion, and religious beliefs as a family strength, and did not require functions for children generation of the family. Conclusions: From these findings, the differences in the needs for family strengths and functions expressed by the two generations belonging to two different birth cohorts were influenced by various changes in Korean society occurring between the two generations, such as the social divergence in the functions of care and nurture, the increase in one-person and childless households, and the weakening of kinship-centered or communitarian forms of familism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2016

The Korean real-time traffic responsive control systems, Cycle Offset Split Model of Seoul (COSMOS), employs a single theoretical model to estimate the degree-of-saturation (DS) on approaches. However, the deployment of the system has been accomplished without practical consideration of its field performance. This paper delivers a diagnosis study performed to find the relationships yet known on the DS values against the operational conditions unproved in theory but ordinarily observed in field practice. Based on the analysis of the historical log data (476,505 cycles) obtained from the COSMOS server, it was found; (1) full coverage of lane detections should perform better than the sample coverage of detection in ordinary conditions, (2) the sample coverage of detection perform better than the other case with an exclusive bus lane, (3) detection in which a shared lane is involved provide poor estimation of DS, (4) poor DS estimation when a detection lane is adjacent to a shared lane, and (5) the DS values obtained during a day can hardly be stable all time. The findings suggest traffic engineers a progressive direction to move forward for the next real-time traffic control systems.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.637-650
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two crucian carp species obtained from Yesan (Carassius auratus) and Dangjin (Carassius cuvieri) in Korea were amplified at several times by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with oligonucleotides decamer primer and stained with ethidium bromide. The seven arbitrarily selected primers OPC-11, OPC-14, OPC-18, OPD- 02, OPD-11, OPD-15 and OPD-20 generated the shared loci by each species, the polymorphic and specific loci. The seven primers generated the total 458 loci that can be scored from the crucian carp obtained in C. auratus species. 358 fragments were generated from the species obtained in C. cuvieri species. The size of DNA fragments varies from 150 to 1,600bp. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and two locations. In this study, 458 loci were identified in the crucian carp species from Yesan and 358 in the crucian carp species from Dangjin: 84 polymorphic loci (18.3%) in the C. auratus species and 48 (13.4%) in the C. cuvieri species. 154 shared loci by each species, the average 22 per primer, were observed in the C. auratus species and 187 loci, the average 26.7 per primer, in the Dangjin species. Based on the average bandsharing (BS) values of all samples, the similarity matrix ranged from 0.434 to 0.868 in the C. auratus species and from 0.449 to 0.924 in the C. cuvieri species. The average BS value was 0.641±0.013 within the C. auratus species and 0.684±0.013 within the C. cuvieri species. The average BS value between two crucian carp species 0.484 ± 0.007, ranged from 0.307 to 0.682. The BS value between the individual No. 09 and No. 16 was 0.682, which was the highest between two crucian carp species. Compared separately, the BS value of individuals within the C. cuvieri species was higher than the C. auratus species. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers, indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (AURATUS No. 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11), cluster 2 (CUVIERI No. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21) and cluster 3 (CUVIERI no. 22). The shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between the individual AURATUS No. 09 and AURATUS No. 08 from Yesan (genetic distance=0.064). The longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was between the individual CUVIERI No. 17 and AURATUS No. 11 between two crucian carp species (0.477). RAPD-PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance between two crucian carp species pairs.(Key words: Carassius auratus, Carassius cuvieri, Crucian Carp, DNA Polymorphism, Genetic Distance)

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-93
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• 2017

The development of ICT has leaded the diversification and changes of supplies and demands in markets. It also caused the creations of a variety of values which are differentiated from those in the existing market. Therefore, a new-type market is created, which can include multi-value chains which are from ICT-based created markets as well as the existing markets. We defined the platform as the new-type market. In the platform, the multi-value chains can be coexisted with multi-values. In true market, when a new-type value chain entered into an existing market, it is general that it can be conflicted with the existing value chain in the market. The conflicted problem among multi-value chains in a market is caused by the sharing of limited market resources like suppliers, consumers, services or products among the value chains. In other words, if there are multi-value chains in the platform, then it is possible to have conflictions, overlapping, creations or losses of values among the value chains. To solve the problem, we introduce coexistence factors to reduce the conflictions to reach market equilibrium in the platform. In the other hand, it is possible to lead the creations of differentiated values from the existing market and to augment the total market values in the platform. In the early era of ICT development, ICT was introduced for improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of the value chains in the existing market. However, according to the changed role of ICT from the supporter to the promotor of the market, ICT became to lead the variations of the value chains and creations of various values in the markets. For instance, Uber Taxi created a new value chain with ICT-based new-type service or products with new resources like new suppliers and consumers. When Uber and Traditional Taxi services are playing at the same time in Taxi service platform, it is possible to create values or make conflictions among values between the new and old value chains. In this research, like Uber and traditional taxi services, if there are conflictions among the multi-value chains, then it is necessary to minimize the conflictions in the platform for the coexistence of multi-value chains which can create the value-added values in the platform. So, it is important to predict and discuss the possible conflicted problems between new and old value chains. The confliction should be solved to reach market equilibrium with multi-value chains in the platform. That is, we discuss the possibility of the coexistence of multi-value chains in the platform which are comprised of a variety of suppliers and customers. To do this, especially we are focusing on the healthcare markets. Nowadays healthcare markets are popularized in global market as well as domestic. Therefore, there are a lot of and a variety of healthcare services like Traditional-, Tele-, or Intelligent- healthcare services and so on. It shows that there are multi-suppliers, -consumers and -services as components of each different value chain in the same platform. The platform can be shared by different values that are created or overlapped by confliction and loss of values in the value chains. In this research, as was said, we focused on the healthcare services to show if a platform can be shared by different value chains like traditional-, tele-healthcare and intelligent-healthcare services and products. Additionally, we try to show if it is possible to increase the value of each value chain as well as the total value of the platform. As the result, it is possible to increase of each value of each value chain as well as the total value in the platform. Finally, we propose a coexistence model to overcome such problems and showed the possibility of coexistence between the value chains through experimentation.