• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

목적: 성적 요구도가 높고 상대적으로 성병에 취약한 인구집단인 대학생들에게 올바른 성지식은 성 관련 질환의 예방에 매우 중요하다. 미래의 의사로서 국민의 건강에 대해 지도자적 역할을 수행해 나갈 의대생의 AIDS 및 성병 관련 지식 정도를 조사하고 문제점을 분석함으로써 성병 예방교육의 중요성을 상기시키고, 이에 따른 예방교육의 기초를 마련하기 위한 목적으로 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2004년 3월, 서울 소재 일개 대학교의 의대생 110명과 동 대학 비의과대학생 200명을 대상으로 AIDS 및 성병 관련 지식과 성경험 여부를 묻는 자기기입식의 설문조사를 시행하였다. 결과: 최종 의대생 86명과 비의대학생 59명이 분석에 포함되었는데, 성경험이 있다고 응답한 군은 남성이 여성보다(44.00% vs 7.14%, P<0.001), 의대생이 비의대생보다(36.1% vs 11.9%, P=0.015) 높았다. AIDS 및 성병 관련지식은 총 19문항 중에서 8개 문항의 평균 점수가 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 그 중 한 개의 문항을 제외한 모든 문항 및 총점에서 의대생의 점수가 높았다(P=0.001). 성경험 유무에 따른 AIDS 및 성병 관련 지식 정도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 의대생들이 비의대생에 비해 AIDS 및 성병에 대한 지식 점수가 높았다. 하지만 AIDS 및 성병에 대한 지식정도와 성경험 여부와는 연관성이 없었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.365-382
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• 1991

This study was designed to measure the physical, mental-emotional and social health status of elderlies according to rural areas, medium - small cities, and large city environment. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17 1990. The subjects were a convenience sample after their place of residence was stratified into large, medium- small cities and rural areas. Those who attended elderly centers in Seodaemun, Mapo, and Kangnam districts in Seoul were considered to be residents of a large city and interviewed by trained research assistants and student nurses. Elderlies living in Chungju, Jinju, Chuncheon, and Jeonju cities were coded as residents of medium-small cities and were interviewed by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by the community health practioners working in community health clinics in North and South Kyongsang, North and South Jeolla, and Kyonggi provinces. The tool used in this study was the health assessment tool developed by Choi, Young Hee in 1990. This tool was organized into 20 physical health status, 17 mental - emotional health status, and 37 social health ststus items. Physical health status items consisted of six factors - personal hygiene activity ability, external activity utilizing traffic, mass media, and spare time ability, sexual ability, digestive system related ability, sexual ability, sensory ability, and elimination ability. Mental - emotional health status items consisted of two factors - mental health factor and emotional health factor. Social health status items consisted of seven factors -grandparental role ability, parental role ability, spoused role ability, friendship role ability, kinship role ability, group member role ability, and religious believer role ability. Data Analysis included frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and chi - square test. The results of the analysis are as follows : 1. The mean physical health status score for large city residents was 4.1132, for rural residents 4.0787, and for medium and small city residents 3.9565. There were significant differences according to residential area for personal hygiene activity ability, external activity ability, sexual ability, and digestive system related ability items 2. The mean mental -emotional health status score for rural residents was 3.8291, for medium and small city residents 3.7967, and for large city residents 3.7807. There was a significant difference according to residential area in the mental health ability item. 3. The mean social health status score for medium and small city residents was 3.0000, for rural residents 2.9362, and for large city residents 2.8960. There were significant differences according to residential area for kinship role ability and religious believer role ability items. The following conclusion was derived from the above results 1. The physical health status of elderlies residing in medium - small cities and in rural areas was lower than that of those residing in Seoul, a large urban area. Therefore, more medical facilities are needed in rural area so as to monitor their health, prevent disease, and promote their health. 2. The mental -emotional ststus and social health status of elderlies residing in the large city were lower than that of those residing in medium - small cities and rural areas. This may reflect weakening of the strong traditional family bond that may happen with urbanization. Continued support for elderly parents is essential and education should emphasize the traditional cultural norm and value of filial piety. 3. Facilities and programs for elderly are needed so that they may spend their time more valuably in their urban environment.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

목적 : Tc-99m HMPAO 아세타졸아미드(이하, ACZ) 부하 뇌관류 SPECT(이하 중재적 SPECT)는 뇌혈관 질환에서 조기진단, 수술 적응증 선별이나 방법 결정, 그리고 수술 효과 판정과 경과 관찰시 매우 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 중재적 SPECT의 정화한 해석과 진단율을 높이기 위해서는 정상인의 CVR 자료가 필요하지만 국내엔 이런 자료가 없다. 본 연구에서는 연령에 따라 뇌혈류분포와 혈류예비능이 차이를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 정상 지원자 34명을 대상으로 하였고, 남자 20명, 여자 14명이었으며, 평균연령은 $40.3{\pm}24.9$세, 범위는 4세에서 82세였다. 이들은 신경학적 검사상 특이 소견이 없었으며, 뇌혈관질환, 당뇨, 고혈압, 허혈성 심질환, 그리고 두부외상의 병력은 없었다. 중재적 SPECT는 Tc-99m HMPAO와 이중 헤드 회전형 감마카메라를 이용하여 휴식 및 ACZ부하 SPECT를 연속적으로 시행하여 감산영상을 얻는 방법을 사용하였다. Tc-99m HMPAO는 휴식 및 부하 모두 925 MBq을 주사하였다. ACZ(성인: 1 g, 소아: $250{\sim}500 mg$) 주사 후 23분째에 두 번째 Tc-99m HMPAO를 주사하고 10분 후 부하영상을 얻었다. 동일한 관심영역을 전두엽, 두정엽, 측두엽, 후두엽, 기저핵, 시상, 소뇌반구에 설정하여 평균 방사능계수를 얻었다. 정량적 지표로 R/L, R/Cbll와 R/WB를 사용하였다. 감산영상에서 구한 평균방사능계수를 상응한 휴식기 계수를 기준으로하여 백분율을 구하여 CVR 평가지표로 사용하였다. 모든 통계적 검정에서 통계적 유의성은 P값이 0.05 미만인 경우만 차이가 있다고 인정하였다. 결과: 한국 정상인에서 뇌혈류 분포는 전 연령에서 R/L의 대뇌반구의 평균 1.004에서 1.018로 좌우 대뇌반구간의 차이가 5%미만이었다. 각 연령군 모두에서 소뇌의 측정치가 가장 높았고, 기저핵과 시상은 가장 낮은 혈류분포를 보였다. 연령이 증가할수록 전두엽과 측두엽은 유의하게 감소하였고 후두엽과 시상부는 유의하게 증가하였다. 모든 연령에서 남녀간에 혈류분포의 차이는 없었다. CVR은 $29.9{\pm}12.9%$이었고, 소아에서는 CVR이 연령에 따라 유의하게 증가하여 10대 후반에 가장 높았다. $20{\sim}49$세 사이에는 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 50세 이상의 연령군에서 양측 전두엽, 좌측 두정엽, 그리고 우측 기저핵에서 나이가 들어감에 따라 의의있게 감소하였다. 평균 CVR이 여자에서 남자보다 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: ACZ와 Tc-99m HMPAO을 이용한 감산법으로 CVR를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었고, 한국 정상인에서 뇌혈류 분포와 CVR이 연령에 따라 변한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.109-129
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• 1999

AIDS is worldwide problem. It has threatens societies and is potentially a big problem among youth. UNAIDS has warned that collective global responses are necessary; with half of the newly infected being children and young people in 1998, educating youth below age 24 is essential. Because of both their unexpected, strong sexual activities and an easjer tendency to change their behavior than adults, UNAIDS emphasizes the importance of prevention education for youth. In Korea, 4 cases of HIV infection have officially been reported among high school students. Considering the potential seriousness of HIV infection among youth, the Korean AntiAIDS Federation (KAAF) began an education programme for Korean youth (middle & high school pupils) as one intervention method in 1993. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the education programs performed and to develop a better programme. The intervention method used in this study was mainly a lecture in a big or small auditorium or through broadcasting systems using audio-visual teaching aids. The period of this survey was from Nov. 10 to Dec. 26. in 1998. The subjects surveyed were 792 pupils who were sampled from 12 different middle and high schools in Seoul by a two-stage cluster sampling. Self-recording the structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using a paired t-test to compare the knowledge difference before and after the interrention method. A chi-square test to compare the consciousness difference between pre-post-education results was used, and an ANOVA was ased to compare the knowledge difference among the selected groups. Major results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) AIDS knowledge significantly changed after AIDS prevention education. (2) The direct lecture in a big or small auditorium is more effective than an indirect lecture through a broadcasting system or through audio-visual teaching aids. (3) Those who had not seen obscene materials (e.g. pornography films, magazines etc.) acguired much more knowledge than others after AIDS prevention education. (4) Those who had no girlfriend/or boyfriend acquired much more knowledge than the others after AIDS prevention education. (5) As to the attitudes toward chastity, more girls than boys and students who had not seen obscene materials rather than those who already had were liable to support the state ment: "all should remain chase" and their consciousness on "being chaste" changed much more than that of others after intervention. (6) As to the individual evaluation of lectures, 23.1% shows "very good", 44.1% "good", 26.9% "normar" '-' thus, the positive evaluation was to 94.2%. The negative response was 5.8%. (7) As to the desire for AIDS education sponsored by KAAF in the future, more than 90.5% showed a positive reaction. (8) As to the educators in future education methods, pupils wanted lecturers from outside their schood. (9) Students from vocational high schools have seen obscene materials much more than other groups and the percentage of those who had a girlfriend/or boyfriend was higher than that of the others as wello. (10) 90% of those who watched obscene materials responded that they experienced these materials while at middle school and 100% before reaching the second grade of high school. (11) The number of boys who have experienced obscene materials is twice as many as that of girls. (12) The percentage of boys who have a girlfriend is much higher than the percentage of girls who have a boyfriend. (13) Among those who have friends of the opposite sex, 11.1% say that they hare had sexual contact and 20.8% hare experienced kissing and caressing.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to be of use for the preparation of more desirable sex education system at elementary school, by making content analysis of the current textbooks related to sex education and surveying what opinions the persons concerned had about it. The purpose of this study were as follows; Elementary school textbooks were analyzed to find out what kind of sex education was included in them. And questionnaires on how to improve school sex education content were prepared, by which 207 male and female teachers were surveyed in the city of Paju and Koyang, Kyonggi province. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Content Analysis of Textbook Sex Education The content related to sex education was relatively much included in textbooks of the right life, morality and physical education. Although morality was a subject to be instructed for the third-grade students or older, elementary school students virtually received sex education from the first grade, as the right life and the joyful life were a subject for the lower-grade students, and this met the goal of sex education or the need of the times. However, sex education content leaned heavily toward family, family life or parental love. There was no mutual complement among subjects, and no link among grades, either. 2. Teacher Opinion on Sex Education Content for Each Grade When the subjects were asked about if sex education content was appropriate for each grade, they answered 20 items should be more emphasized and 6 items might be left out. And there were 6 items regarded by them as one that should be rearranged in consideration of grade. 3. The Ideal Opinion of Sex Education Content The following model could be recommended for elementary school sex education, which was designed to meet the objectives of school sex education as much as possible and to offer a systematic link among grades, based on the findings by textbook analysis and Questionnaire survey, and on elementary school sex education materials recommended by the Ministry of Education: The content selected for the first grade of elementary school was my body, cleanness of genitals, male-female cooperation, and family cooperation. For the second grade, the selected content was male-female physical difference, male female psychological difference, parental and I(origin of a birth). For the third grade, the selected things were important a body(cleanness of genitals), birth of a life, and male-female comprehension and cooperation. For the fourth grade, the selected things were physical development, management of genitals, physiology and management of menstruation, propagation and growth of organism, concern for the other sex, comprehension of and cooperation with the other sex, and prevention of sexual violence. Four the fifth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, physiology and management of menstruation, operation for phimosis, understanding of seminal emission, structure and function of the genital organs, birth and growth of a baby, television/sex information, and mass communications/sex information. For the sixth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, understanding of seminal emission, male-female cooperation, male and female role, male-female manners, mass communications/sex information, family and family life. Finally, what should be taught in sex education must be studied constantly, as it should be revised or supplemented periodically, according to student's sexual maturity or social, cultural changes.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

본 연구는 학문적 연구 대상에서 소외돼 온 텔레비전 드라마 작가에 관한 지속 연구로, 멜로드라마 <사랑과 야망>, <내 남자의 여자>의 남자 주인공을 중심으로 김수현 작가의 의식 저변을 확장 탐구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본고는 자율 통제 의식에 의해 텔레비전 드라마 장르에서는 보기 드물게 홈드라마와 멜로드라마의 장르 선긋기를 명확히 하고 있는 김수현 작가의 차별성을 통해 상대적으로 두드러지게 발화된 작가 의식을 탐구한다. 또 이를 위해서 본고의 연구 방법으로 라깡의 성 구분 이론을 남성 주인공에게 적용함으로써, 라깡의 욕망 이론을 적용한 선행 연구의 여주인공 분석결과를 확장하고 있다. 라깡이 제시한 남성과 여성의 성 차이는 생물학적 기관, 혹은 불평등한 제도나 관습으로 발생, 고착 존재하는 차이가 아니라 심리 문화적 산물에서 발생하는 차이임이 강조되어야 하는 개념이다. 라깡에게 남성이란 상징적 팔루스 질서에 예외 없이 종속되어 존재하지만, 그 질서를 넘어서 예외가 되려는 환상 때문에 역설적으로 팔루스적 질서에 감금되는 '분열'된 주체이다. 분석 결과 김수현 작가에게 남성과 여성은 인간 주체에게 불가능한 팔루스의 향유를 각각 서로 다른 방식으로 획득하려는 '동일'한 '분열'과 '결여'의 인간주체로, 남녀의 성차이를 심리 문화적 산물로 강조한 라깡의 인식과 동일하다. 또한 20년 세월의 간극 속에 팔루스의 향유와 잉여 향유를 동시에 누릴 수 있는 여성에 비해 상대적으로 대상 a를 통한 환상의 팔루스 향유만을 누릴 수 있는 남성에 관해 좀 더 포용적인, 좀 더 중립적인 김수현 작가의 남성 인식의 변화를 가늠해 볼 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1837-1843
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• 2014

Background: No studies on male attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination have been conducted in Japan, and little is known globally whether attitudes of single fathers differ to those living with a female partner. This exploratory study assessed whether Japanese fathers were likely to have their daughter vaccinated against HPV in a publically funded program and whether any differences existed regarding attitudes and knowledge about HPV according to marital status. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 27 fathers (16 single; 11 married) who took part in a study on HPV vaccine acceptability aimed at primary caregivers of girls aged 11-14 yrs in three Japanese cities between July and December 2010. Results: Knowledge about HPV was extremely poor (mean score out of 13 being $2.74{\pm}3.22$) with only one (3.7%) participant believing he had been infected with HPV and most (81.4%) believing they had no or low future risk. No difference existed regarding knowledge or awareness of HPV according to marital status. Concerning perceived risk for daughters, single fathers were significantly more likely to believe their daughter was at risk for both HPV (87.5% versus 36.4%; p=0.01) and cervical cancer (75.0% versus 27.3%; p=0.02). Acceptability of free HPV vaccination was high at 92% with no difference according to marital status, however single fathers were significantly more likely (p=0.01) to pay when vaccination came at a cost. Concerns specific to single fathers included explaining the sexual nature of HPV and taking a daughter to a gynecologist to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Knowledge about HPV among Japanese fathers is poor, but HPV vaccine acceptability is high and does not differ by marital status. Providing sexual health education in schools that addresses lack of knowledge about HPV as well as information preferences expressed by single fathers, may not only increase HPV vaccine acceptance, but also actively involve men in cervical cancer prevention strategies. However, further large-scale quantitative studies are needed.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1993

본 연구는 다가오는 농축산물 수입개방의 시대를 맞이하여 우리 고유의 맛을 지닌 순수한 재래계의 식별 유지 및 개량하기 위한 과학적인 방법을 제시하고자 실시되었다. 본 연구를 위하여 재래계 및 수입계인 백색 Leghorn종을 line별로 유지하면서 경제형질 (체중, 초산일령, 산란을, 난중)과 표현형 특이성 (체형, 두부, 깃털, 정강이)에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한 최첨단 기법인 유전자 지문 기법을 도입하여 재래계와 수입계의 DNA에 대한 유전자 지문을 실시하였다. 재래계의 경제형질에 있어서 체중은 산란계 품종인 White Leghron과 유사한 특징을 보였고, 초산일령 및 최고 산란기는 수입계보다 다소 늦었으며 평균 산란율 역시 수입계에 비해 다소 떨어졌다. 재래계의 난중은 수입계에 비해 약 10g 정도 가벼웠다. M13mp18 single-stranded DNA를 probe로 사용한 유전자 지문에서, 재래계는 4.4kb와 4.9kb에서 수입계는 10.6kb와 12.4kb에서 품종 고유의 구분이 확실한 다수의 band를 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리 고유의 유전자원인 재래계의 유전자 지문을 수입계의 유전자 지문과 식별할수 있는 것으로 개발하였으며, 향후 이 기술을 이용해서 구체적인 재래계의 유지 및 개량에 대한 방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to produce functional occlusion and to create or maintain facial esthetic harmony. The soft-tissue covering of the face also plays an important role in facial esthetics, speech and other physiologic functions. The study of the soft-tissue profile is important for the planning of orthodontic treatment. The author studied cephalometric X-ray films on 49 patients (23boys, 26 girls) with Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion, ranged from 9 to 13 years of age. Roentgenocephalmetric X-ray films were taken pre and post orthodontic care. Tracings were made in usual manner. The obtained results were as follow. 1. There was no significant sexual difference on mean changes. 2. In the comparison of the soft-tissue thickness changes, Ls-Ls' and Si-Si' in male subjects were remarkable. 9. There were significant correlations between osseous (Ss') change and soft-tissue (Ss) chang, of maxilla in male and female subjects subsequent to orthodontic treatment. 4. The ratios between the protraction of the Ss' and that of the Ss were 1:1.5 in all sexes, the ratios between the Si' and that of the Si were 1:1.4 in male and 1:1.2 in female. 5. There were significant correlations between maxillary central incise. angulation change $({\angle}A)$ and upper lip inclination change $({\angle}B)$ in all sexes. 6. There were little correlations between change in distance difference of Is and Ii and change in distance difference of Ls and Li in all sexes in all sexes.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to describe degree of fatigue and factors related to fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consist of one hundred fifty-eight outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at three university hospitals in Taegu between July 10 and August 30, 1999. The instrument used in this study was the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue developed by Belza et al.(1995) and revised by Jung, Bok Hee. Kim, Myung Ae(1998). Analysis of data was done by using the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan with SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Degree of fatigue in patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis was shown the average 22.91 out of the total scores 40. Four subscales of fatigue scores are common fatigue degree 6.37, fatigue timing at the last week 5.92, distress due to fatigue 5.40 and degree of daily activity fatigue 5.22. Among the realms of daily activity fatigue, outdoor activity(6.00), sexual life(5.84), doing the household(5.66), shopping(5.61), other exercise except stroll(5.54) were shown the high degree of fatigue and cooking(4.97), a stroll(4.48), recreation(4.35) showed the low degree of fatigue. 2. There were no significant differences on the total degree of fatigue according to demographic variables. But there were some significant differences on the subscale fatigue scores according to demographic variables. Degree of daily activity fatigue according to sex was shown significant difference (t=-2.358, p=.020), and according to education level was shown significant difference(F=3.938, p=.005) and common fatigue degree according to age was shown significant difference(F=2.853, p=.026). Conclusively fatigue is one of difficult problems for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore it is necessary to develop some nursing intervention for reducing fatigue of rheumatoid arthritis patients.