• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1989

Rapid socio-cultural and economic changes in the country has brought with it changes in the society's value system. For a traditional society that is increasingly being exposed to modernization but where sex norms are still very restrictive, the adolescent sexual mores takes on added significance. Adolescents are caught between two opposing forces, the changing environment that allows for freer and liberal mores and the traditional society that cannot keep pace with the changing environment and therefore demands resistance to changes. This paper focuses on problems of adolescent sexuality in this country and considers the countermeasures for the existing problems. Amongst the problems are: (a) increasingly younger age of the adolescents who start sexual intercourse (b) non-use of contraception, (c) unwanted pregnancies, (d) increase in the number of induced abortion and (e) increase in the number of unwanted children and unmarried mothers. The Korean adolescent's sexual behavior seems to follow that of the developed countries. In other words, many western modes of life and sexual values seem to bave been copied in Korea and yet Korean adolescents lack in their knowledge of sex related matters such as reproductive physiology and contraception. Among middle and high school students, female students are reported to have less knowledge on sex than male students according to a 1988 survey by KIPH. Even among the unmarried famale factory workers, only 42.5 percent replied they know of the condom, and 25.1 percent and 23.1 percent said they had knowledge of spermicide and menstrual regulation respectively. However, 14.9 percent and 13.9 percent reported that they had a knowledge of the loop and female sterilization respectively according to the 1984 study by KIPH. Among the middle school students 0.8 percent said they had experience in sexual intercourse, while 7.3 percent of the high school students reported having had sexual intercourse. The sexual intercourse experience rate among the unmarried female factory workers is 37.8 percent. Among those female factory workers with sexual experience, 46.7 percent had more than one sex partners. Only 39.1 percent of male students and 18.9 percent of female students among those with sexual intercourse experience have used contraceptives. mostly condoms and oral pills 45.1 percent of female factory workers with sexual intercourse experience used contraceptives such as pills, condoms and rhythm methods. The pregnancy experience rate among the female factory workers who had experience in sexual intercourse is 29.5 percent, which is 11.1 percent among the total respondents. Out of the 102 pregnant female workers, 98 workers(96.1 percent) terminated their pregnancy by induced abortion and 2 workders(2 percent) in natural abortion, while 1 worker(1 percent) was in pregnancy and another 1 worker had normal birth that was subsequently sent to orphanage. In order to cope with the problem of adolescent sexuality, a drastic and strong policy measures should be taken by the government. The most effective countermeasure to the adolescent sexual problems appears to the education. The sex and population education in the school is very much in need. In addition, sex education program through mass media and at the job sit-should be promoted for a healthy development of adolescents' sexual behavior. Also, the existing national family planning program, which has focused on the married couples, should be extended to the unmarried people in its scope and contents of the program.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

In a homothallic ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, sexual development is inhibited by various environmental stresses such as acetate medium, visible light and high osmolarity conditions. In order to study the genes involved in this stress-related regulatory network, we first attempted to isolate mutants that could develop cleistothecia even in the presence of any of those stresses including intensive visible light. More than 10,000 mutants were screened and 167 mutants were analyzed. Among them, 152 mutants underwent sexual development under the single stress condition of either high osmotic, high acetate or light condition but no sexual development in more than two stresses. Six mutants can produce cleistothecia under light or acetate stress but not in salt stress. Moreover, 6 mutants showed the ability to develop cleistothecia under the light but not under the acetate or osmo-stress. The mutants were revealed to have independent single gene mutation and grouped into different complementation groups (silA-F). The mutant alleles were all recessive to that of wild type. The light responsiveness of development implies the existence of delicate regulation process including reception and translocation of light signaling and determination of development.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.237-287
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• 2020

This study was developing group counseling program for sexual education for Christian young adults. and its effects were proven. For this purpose, this study of unmarried Christian young adults ranging 30 from the age 20~35 years old who are attending church C and S located in city of C at Kyungnam province. The subject and control group each had 15 people who separately participated in this program once a week for 120 minutes, 12 times in total. The control group did not receive any feedback after the sessions. group counseling program for sexual education was based on Crabb's biblical counseling model and McMinn's cognitive therapy. Using 12 kinds of cognitive therapy techniques. for its effects were verified. used The sexual knowledge scale standardized model of a college student set by Jeon Gyungsook, Lee Hyoyoung, Lee Seonja, The sexual attitude scale standardized model for a college student set by Ho Seonmin, The sexual decision making scale developed by Sun Mikyung. The data analysis consisted of Cronbach's α test, χ2-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman test, a χ nd Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The result of this study is improve the sexual knowledge, show the conservative tendency of sexual attitudes, and prove the increase in the ability to make responsible sexual decisions of Christian young adults. Following up, this study spreads awareness of the true meaning of sexual being as illustrated from the bible and implies a beneficial program within the church that promotes a healthy life and reconciliation between self, neighbors, and God in a life according to the purpose of creation and order.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.203-213
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the anxiety, sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior according to smartphone use and contacts with obscene materials. 110 university students surveyed demographic characteristics, smartphone use, contacts with obscene materials, anxiety, sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior, and analyzed 102 questionnaires except missing and incomplete responses. The collected data were analyzed by independent t-test or chi-square test. Men were significantly more likely to have contacts with obscene materials, sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior than the women (p<.05). In type of residence, boarding room or lodging was significantly higher at time of smartphone use, anxiety, and sexual behaviors than the home (p<.05). There was no difference in variables according to religion (p>.05). There was no difference in variables according to the level of academic achievement (p>.05). Time of smartphone use over 3 hours was significantly higher for contacts of obscene materials, anxiety, and sexual attitudes and behaviors than less 3 hours (p<.05). Higher levels of time of contacts with obscene materials were significantly higher in anxiety and sexual behaviors than lower level (p<.05). The results of this study can be used as a basis for the development of intervention programs for those who are experiencing excessive smartphone use and contacts with obscene materials.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.360-369
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Sexual Health Care Scale-Practice (SHCS-P) for oncology nurses to use in nursing care. Methods: Apreliminary version of the SHCS-P of 32 items was developed based on the literature and opinion of experts. A panel of eight experts reviewed the preliminary questionnaire for content validity and consolidated the instrument, which was, then, tested with data from 342 oncology nurses in Korea. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed that the SHCS-P explained 70.49% of the total variance. The instrument revealed four factors that were named: (1) Practice for sexual function (8 items), (2) Practice for psychological factors (6 items), (3) Practice for social problems and records (4 items), and (4) Practice for reproductive care (3 items). Internal consistency was good, asassessed by the KR 20 value of 0.91. The coefficients for the sub-factors were between 0.81 and 0.93. Conclusion: This scale shows validity and reliability in evaluating the practice of oncology nurses in providing sexual health care and can be used to evaluate the level of practice well as test effects of educational interventions to improve sexual health care competency.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2005

Sexual maturity of Korean skate, Raja koreana, was investigated based on 89 specimens caught between September 2002 and December 2003 in the southwestern sea of Korea. Clasper development was slow between 35 cm and 52.5 cm TL, increased abruptly between 59.5 cm and 71 cm TL, and thereafter decreased, showing an overall sigmoidal growth pattern. Unlike other skates and sharks, Korean skate males were already histologically mature before the claspers lengthened. Although the egg capsules were found in May and November in Korean skate females, histological findings indicated that spawning occurred throughout the year except summer in females but all the time in males.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the sexual maturation, parenting attitude, maturity fear and emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school, and to examine the relation between these variables and factors that influence emotional and behavioral problems. Methods: Participants were 128 second, third and fourth year students from 3 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: Emotional and behavioral problems were related to eating rate, eating breakfast, frequency of late-night snacks and main communicator on pubertal development. Emotional and behavioral problems showed a positive correlation with maturity fear and father's parenting attitude (strictness) and a negative correlation with parenting attitude and father's parenting attitude (intimacy). Maturity fear, father's parenting attitude, eating breakfast, and main communicator on pubertal development had significant influence on emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school. Conclusion: Findings show that for effective management of emotional and behavioral problems in elementary school girls, programs including coping with maturity fear, supportive parenting of father, diet education, and functional communication with mother on pubertal development should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.739-744
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• 2015

The sexual maturation and spawning time of female ocean sunfish Mola mola in Korean waters were studied by observing the gonads histologically. Specimens were purchased in a fish market in October 2013 and May, June, and October 2014. Nine females (total length 100-250 cm, gonad weight 31-3,470 g) and one male (total length 131 cm, gonad weight 60 g) were studied. Histologically, the ovaries became active in May and spawning began in July and continued until October. In July, mature oocytes and yolk globule stage oocytes were observed; parts of the gonad showed traces of spawning, while others had degenerated and absorbed any oocytes. By October, many oocytes had degenerated and been absorbed. Therefore, the approximate spawning period of ocean sunfish is from July to October based on histological changes in the gonads. The asynchronous oocyte development suggests that the ocean sunfish is a multiple spawner, as reported previously. The catch distribution data suggest that the waters around Jeju Island are a sunfish spawning area.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1988

The gonadal development, the annual reproductive cycle and the first sexual maturity of surf clam, Mactra veneriformis Reeve were studied histologically. Speciemens were monthly collected at the intertidal zone of Naechodo, Chollabuk-do, Korea, for one year from March 1986 to February 1987. Sexuality of the clam is dioecious. The gonads were located between the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in the visceral cavity and the reticular connetive tissues of the foot, The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis comprise several testiculat lobules. The undifferentiated mesenchymal tissues and eosinophilic granular cells function as nutritive cells in the early stage. The ripe eggs were about 50-60${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, and they were wurroundedby the gelatinous membranes. The spawing period was from early June to September the main spawning occurred beetween July and August when the water temperature reached above 24$^{\circ}C$. The annual reproductive cycle of this species could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative(January to March), growing(March to May), mature(April to August), spent(June to September), degenerative and resting(September to February). The monthly changes of fatness coefficient closely correlated with the annual reproductive cycle. Percentages of the first sexual maturity of female and male clams were over 50% among those individals ranging from 2.1 To 2.5cm, and 100% in those over 2.6cm in shell length.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

Purpose; The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. Method: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea, Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. Result: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to 7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (${\pm}12.71$), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness - .425. Conclusion: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.