• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

Sex of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is mainly determined by an XX/XY system. However, accumulating evidences suggest the existence of additional sex modifying factors including environmental, autosomal and parental influences. In order to investigate the possibility of parental effects on sex ratios of tilapia progenies, in this study, a series of crosses was carried out using gynogenetic clonal fish, neomales, normal males and females, and YY fish. Crosses between clonal XX male and clonal female have yielded only female progenies and no parental influences were observed. However, in the crosses between clonal males and normal females, female parents were significantly associated with the progeny sex ratios ($X^2$=20.046, 7 d.f., p<0.01). Progeny sex ratios from the crosses between neomales and normal females ($X^2$=60.491, 5 d.f and $X^2$=28.072, 2 d.f.) also showed significant association with female parents (P<0.001). The stability of progeny sex ratios from repeated spawns were confirmed by using 6 different parental pairs. In 16 crosses between normal males and normal females, sex ratios of progenies showed clear maternal influences, and further analysis of the results revealed a negative correlation ($r^2$=0.7718, p<0.05) between the sex ratios of progenies from two different males, indicating a strong paternal influence. No statistically significant relationship between survival rates and sex ratios of progenies was observed in any genotypic groups. Taken together, the influence of parental pairs on progeny sex ratios in this species is evident although the cause of this influence is not clear.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors to predict of condom use for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among sex workers in a Korean community. The theoretical ground of this study was the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Method: A descriptive, cross sectional and retrospective research design was employed in this study. A total of 100 sex workers who take a clinical check-up on STDs regularly at W Public Health Center were recruited by convenient sampling, and with consent to participate in this study. All of the measures were piloted, and the reliability of each scale ranged from 0.7 to 0.9. Data were analyzed using discriminating function analysis with SPSS-PC. Results: Five independent measures (partner preference for using condoms, subjects desire to prevent STD, age, type of relationship and sexual self-determination) contributed significantly to the best discriminating function. The discriminating function analysis resulted in correct classification of 83.1% of the respondents into their corresponding groups. Conclusion: Condoms are a main means of STDs prevention. Risk-reduction interventions that enhance communication skills and intrinsic motivation will be effective in increasing condom use to prevent STDs among sex workers.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2010

Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioeceious and hermaphrodite plants of Commiphora wightii to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Sixty different random decamer primers were screened out of which only three primers were found to be associated with sex expression. A ~1,280-bp fragment from the primer OPN06 was found to be present in all the female individuals. Another primer OPN 16 produced a unique ~400-bp amplification product in only hermaphrodite individuals. The third marker, OPA20 amplified a ~1,140-bp fragment from female and hermaphrodite DNAs, but failed to do so from the male plant DNAs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2004

Silkworms sex determination drew high attention from researchers. Sex chromosomes on the silkworm are of ZW type for females and ZZ type for males. Chromosome W plays an important role in sex determination. Although several molecular linkage maps have been constructed for silkworm, very few markers are discovered on the W chromosome. In order to look for molecular markers and to further locate the Fern gene on chromosome W, we used genomic DNA from both female and male larvae of a silkworm strain named 937 as PCR templates for RAPD amplification with 200 arbitrary 10-mer primers. The amplification results showed three female-specific bands, namely ${OPG-07_496}, {OPC-15_1,660} and {OPE-18_1,279}$. Further verification, however, revealed no band from OPG-07 and OPC-15 in either sex in the strain 798, but OPE-18 provided female-specific band in the strains Suluan7 and C108, and absent in both males and strain 798. This indicates that the bands from ${OPG-07_496} and {OPC-15_1,660}$ are probably female-specific in strain 937, and the band from OPE-18 was probably amplified from a common segment shared by most strains. The genomic DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 have high identities with the retrotransposable elements, and DNA from OPC-15 contains a portion of sequence which probably encodes an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (eIF4EBP).

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and AFLP were used for isolation of genomic sex determination markers in Penaeus monodon. A total of 256 primer combinations were tested against 6-10 bulked genomic DNA of P. monodon. Five and one candidate female- and male-specific AFLP fragments were identified. Female-specific fragments were cloned and further characterized. SCAR markers derived from FE10M9520, FE10M10725.1, FE10M10725.2 and FE14M16340 provided the positive amplification product in both male and female P. monodon. Further analysis of these markers using SSCP and genome walk analysis indicated that they were not sex-linked. In addition, sex-specific (or differential) expression markers in ovaries and testes of P. monodon were analyzed by RAP-PCR (150 primer combinations). Twenty-one and fourteen RAP-PCR fragments specifically/differentially expressed in ovaries and testes of P. monodon were successfully cloned and sequenced. Expression patterns of 25 transcripts were tested against the first stranded cDNA of ovaries and testes of 3-month-old and broodstock-sized P. monodon (N = 5 and N = 7 - 10 for females and N = 4 and N = 5 - 7 for males, respectively). Five (FI-4, FI-44, FIII-4, FIII-39 and FIII-58) and two (M457-A01 and MII-51) derived RAP-PCR markers revealed female- and male-specific expression patterns in P. monodon. Surprisingly, MII-5 originally found in testes showed a higher expression level in ovaries than did testes of juvenile shrimps but a temporal female-specific pattern in P. monodon adults.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2018

It has been claimed that artificial insemination (AI) of cows with frozen-thawed semen treated with commercially produced kits, Wholemom (in favour of female gender) increases the birth chance of calves with desired sex ratio by approximately 85% without decrease of pregnancy rates. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of wholemom kits as combined with frozen-thawed bovine semen during in vitro fertilization on the in vitro fertilization and developmental efficiency and sex ratios such as some reproductive parameters in bovine. For this, 1,737 oocytes were in vitro fertilized and developed. Agglutination effects on bovine after treatment of Wholemom kit were observed by time passage and dose respectively. To determine sex of embryos, Bovine embryo Y-specific gene primers(ConEY) and Bovine specific universal primer(ConBV) were used as multiple PCR method. Fertilization rate of wholemom-treated group was significantly lower than its of control group[66.9% (1,156/1,737) in Wholemom-treated group; 75.0% (610/813) in control group]. However, developmental rate after fertilization of both wholemom-treated and control groups were not significantly different [26.1% (404/1,156) in Wholemom-treated group; 27.4% (224/610) in control group]. Sex ratio of in vitro fertilized embryo with frozen-thawed semen treated with wholemom kit was determined by multi PCR. Female ratio in wholemom-treated group [85.4% (173/201)] was significantly higher than its of control group [47.2% (66/141)]. In conclusion, wholemom treatments of semen used in the in vitro fertilization and development of bovine oocytes provided increase in female ratio with decrease of fertilization rate.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

This study has carried out scanning tests in order to figure out the features of scanning search by sex of space users, with the result of which the validity of data has been estimated. In this research, the scanning patterns were set up for verifying the typology of scanning paths and then the reason for determining scanning paths and the validity of estimation method were reviewed. Since the observation features depends on sex, the analysis of visual activities for acquiring any information in a space will reveal the intention and purpose of space users. The findings by analyzing the features of scanning pattern by sex which were found at the determination of scanning patterns can be defined as the followings. First, for estimating the process of space-information search, the movement distance at each point of continuative-observation data from the angle of eye-movement has been extracted, on the ground of which the fixation and movement of eye have been defined for the establishment of scanning-cut characteristics. Second, the scanning times were estimated for the extraction of effective observation data that would be used for comparative analysis, which showed that men had more data (3,398.2/64.4%) than women (2,998.2/55.6%). This enables the acknowledgment that the scanning cut of men was relatively less, which indicates that men will acquire more information on space than women in the process of observing any space. Third, men's scanning times (58.0 times/2.02 seconds) were less than those of women (71.9 times/1.39 seconds) while the scanning time of the former was longer than that of the latter, which shows the feature that it takes longer for men than women in scanning while the scanning times of the former is less than those of the latter. Fourth, the observation features can be determined that the combination of this result with the predominance character by sex for a general viewpoint to be employed indicates that while men employ mixed-scanning for observation activities to acquire space-information spending for longer time, women, by concentrated-scanning, focus on a single point for shorter time or stay at one location for a considerably long time for space-information acquirement.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.140-143
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• 2007

우리나라 고유 담수 어종인 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus; Cyprinidae)를 대상으로 세포크기, 염색체 수 분석, 핵형 분석, 세포당 DNA 함량 조사 등 세포유전학적 연구를 실시하였다. 쉬리 암,수의 염색체 modal number는 모두 2n = 48로 나타났으나 암,수간 형태가 다른 성염색체(sex chromosome)가 관찰되었다. 쉬리 암컷은 10쌍의 중부염색체, 6쌍의 차중부염색체, 8쌍의 차단부염색체 그리고 XX 염색체로 나타났고, 반면 수컷은 10쌍의 중부, 6쌍의 차중부 및 8쌍의 차단부염색체와 함께 XY 성염색체를 나타냄으로써 전형적인 XX-XY의 성 결정 기작(sex determination mechanism)을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쉬리는 1쌍의 Ag-NOR을 차단부 상동염색체에 갖고 있었고, 쉬리의 세포당 평균 DNA 함량은 flow cytometry 분석을 통해 2.4 pg/cell로 나타났다. 적혈구 세포 크기를 분석을 통해 핵 용적을 평가한 결과 암수 모두 $28\;{\mu}m^3$를 나타내었다. 본 세포유전학적 분석 결과를 통해 본 어종은 진화과정 중 여러 잉어과 어류에서 관찰되는 배수성에 의한 진화 보다는 유전자 재조합 등 점 돌연변이가 진화가 기본 기작이었을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2005

A method for sex determination of pigs was examined using polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Sex determining region Y(SRY) gene encoded on Y chromosome plays a key role for primary male development. Zinc finger X-Y(ZFX-ZFY) gene, one of the X-V homology gene group was found on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, We tested for molecular sexing by amplification patterns of SRY and ZF genes. Genomic DNAs from various resources including porcine hairs and semen collected from domestic pig breeds and native pigs was used for PCR assay of each gene. The amplified products for porcine SRY gene were yielded only in males but not in females. On the other hand, two differential patterns were observed in amplification of ZF gene reflecting the chromosomal dimorphism by a length polymorphism between X and Y chromosomes. Of both, a common band was detected in all individuals tested so that this band might be amplified from ZFX gene as a PCR template, but another is specific for males indicated that from ZFY. The result of PCR assay provides identical information to that from investigation of phenotypic genders of the pigs tested. We suggest that this PCR strategy to determine porcine sexes using comparison of the amplification patterns of the SRY gene specific for Y chromosome and the dimorphic ZF gene between X and Y chromosomes may be a rapid and precise method for discrimination of two sexes and applied to DNA analysis of small samples such as embryonic blastomere, semen, and hairs.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1994

$1.0{\times}10^{-2}M$ 수산화나트륨을 지지전해질로 하여 흡착벗김 전압-전류법으로 성호르몬의 분석을 흡착시간 240초, 흡착전위 -0.80 volts, 수은방울 크기 medium, 주사속도 20mV/sec의 조건에서 실시하였다. 검량선은 $5.0{\times}10^{-9}M$에서 $8.0{\times}10^{-7}M$ 범위까지 직선성을 보여 주었다. 검출한계는 progesterone이 $8.0{\times}10^{-10}M$이고 testosterone propionate는 $1.4{\times}10^{-9}M$이었다. 또한 이 방법을 의약물의 성호르몬 분석에 응용한 결과, 다른 첨가제의 방해 없이 분리분석이 가능하였다.