• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2008

Nanoimprint lithography(NIL) is an emerging technology enabling cost-effective and high-throughput nanofabrication. Among NILs, significant efforts from both academia and industry have been put in UV NIL research and development because of its ability to pattern at room temperature and at low pressure. In UV NIL, there may be in-line set-up error of the stamp and the substrate. To compensate this error, the dummy blocks are put on the stamp and pressurized uniformly. Contact problems between the stamp and the photoresist layer on the substrate are often happened, which results in the non-uniform residual layer In this paper, the pressurization method on the dummy block is investigated by the finite element method. A new method is recommended and evaluated far the uniform stamp deformation.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 국립지리원에서 20여년간(1975-1994) 관측한 정밀 1차 측지망 자료를 연도(작업구역)별, 블록별로 조정하여 전산처리에 필요한 데이타 Set로 구축하고, 전국 동시망 조정을 실시하여 우리 나라 측지망의 정확도 평가 및 오차전파 상태, 국토의 수평지각변동을 파악하였다. 이를 토대로 우리 나라 최초의 동질성 있는 정밀 1차 기준점(1, 2등 삼각점)의 실용성과 (기준점 좌표 94)를 산정 제시하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1C호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

본 논문은 무선망과 같이 패킷 손실이 많은 환경에 H.264 부호화 영상이 전송될 때 복호기 단말기에서 손실된 움직임 벡터를 효율적으로 에러은닉 방법에 대하여 2가지를 제안한다. 첫째, 손실된 블록(매크로블록)에 대하여 후보벡터집합(candidate vector set)을 선정하는 방법으로는 손실된 블록에 인접한 주변 블록의 움직임벡터들의 높은 상관성을 착안하여 후보벡터를 선정한다. 이때 제안한 알고리즘은 주변 블록의 움직임벡터들 간에 거리를 이용하여 클러스터한다. 클리스터된 움직임 벡터 집합(클러스터 집합)에서 최적의 후보벡터 선택방법은 중앙값을 선택한다. 둘째, 손실된 블록의 최종의 후보벡터를 선정하는 방법으로는 후보벡터집합에서 주변에 인접한 픽셀간의 방향성을 고려하여 왜곡 값이 최소인 벡터를 후보벡터로 결정한다. 패킷이 손실되는 환경에서 실험한 결과, 제안한 에러 은닉 방법은 기존 방법에 비하여 후보벡터 개수가 평균적으로 $23%{\sim}61%$까지 감소하였고, 디코딩 시간이 평균적으로 $3{\sim}4$(sec) 감소하였다. 또한 화질에 대한 객관적 평가 기준인 PSNR은 평균적으로 기존 방법들과 거의 비슷하였다.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Although an anterior linear ablation is an effective lesion set in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (L-PeAF), its durability for bidirectional block (BDB) is only about 60% at repeat procedure. We hypothesized that changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) may predict an anterior line block state and the clinical outcome of L-PeAF ablation. Subjects and Methods: We studied 304 L-PeAF patients (77% male, $60{\pm}10yrs$), who consistently underwent RFCA Dallas lesion set (circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, posterior box lesion, and anterior line) protocol with subsequent comparison of pre-procedural and post-procedural P wave axes, and one year follow-up (n=205) sinus rhythm (SR) ECGs. Results: 1. P wave axis shifted inferiorly at immediate post-procedure (p<0.001), and was independently correlated with BDB of anterior line (${\ss}=10.4$, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.79-17.94, p=0.008). 2. The degree of post-procedural inferior shift of P wave axis did not reflect clinical recurrence within one-year (n=205, p=0.923), potentially due to conduction recovery of an anterior line. However, among 160 patients without clinical recurrence within one-year, P wave axis at one-year ECG was independently associated with very late recurrence of AF after one-year (n=160, hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p=0.001), during $45.6{\pm}16.7$ months of follow-up. 3. Among 22 patients who underwent repeat procedures, P wave axis shift was more significant in patients with maintained BDB of an anterior line than in those without (p=0.015). Conclusion: An inferior shift of P wave axis reflects the achievement and the maintenance of an anterior line BDB, and is associated with better long-term clinical outcome after catheter ablation for L-PeAF based on Dallas lesion set.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

특이치 분해는 다양한 분야의 데이터 집단에서 고유한 특성을 찾는 특징 추출 분야에 많이 활용되고 있다. 하지만 특이치 분해의 복잡 행렬 연산은 많은 연산 시간을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 특이치 분해의 대표적인 알고리즘인 one-sided block Jacobi를 고속 처리하기 위해 2차원 멀티코어 시스템을 이용하여 효율적으로 병렬 구현하고 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한, one-sided block Jacobi 알고리즘의 다양한 행렬 ($128{\times}128$, $64{\times}64$, $32{\times}32$, $16{\times}16$)을 서로 다른 2차원 PE 구조에 구현하고 성능 및 에너지를 분석함으로써 각 행렬에 대한 최적의 멀티코어 구조를 탐색한다. 더불어 동일한 행렬의 one-sided block Jacobi 알고리즘에 대해 선택된 멀티코어 구조와 상용 고성능 그래픽스 프로세싱 유닛 (GPU)과의 성능 비교를 통해 제안한 2차원 멀티코어 방법의 잠재 가능성을 확인한다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2016

Many researchers have found that one of the most important characteristics of the structure of linkage disequilibrium is that the human genome can be divided into non-overlapping block partitions in which only a small number of haplotypes are observed. The location and distribution of haplotype blocks can be seen as a population property influenced by population genetic events such as selection, mutation, recombination and population structure. In this study, we investigate the effects of the density of markers relative to the full set of all polymorphisms in the region on the results of haplotype partitioning for five popular haplotype block partition methods: three methods in Haploview (confidence interval, four gamete test, and solid spine), MIG++ implemented in PLINK 1.9 and S-MIG++. We used several experimental datasets obtained by sampling subsets of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of chromosome 22 region in the 1000 Genomes Project data and also the HapMap phase 3 data to compare the results of haplotype block partitions by five methods. With decreasing sampling ratio down to 20% of the original SNP markers, the total number of haplotype blocks decreases and the length of haplotype blocks increases for all algorithms. When we examined the marker-independence of the haplotype block locations constructed from the datasets of different density, the results using below 50% of the entire SNP markers were very different from the results using the entire SNP markers. We conclude that the haplotype block construction results should be used and interpreted carefully depending on the selection of markers and the purpose of the study.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권8A호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2002

터보 부호의 복호에 사용되는 블록 MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) 복호 알고리듬은 Log-MAP 복호 알고리듬으로부터 메모리 사용량을 감소시킨 알고리듬이다. 기존 블록 MAP 복호기의 BER (Bit Error Rate) 성능은 블록 크기와 트레이닝 크기에 의해 결정되며, 하드웨어의 활용도를 최대로 하고 연속적인 복호를 위해 트레이닝 크기와 같은 블록 크기를 사용한다. 블록 크기와 트레이닝 크기가 복호기의 BER 성능에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과, 트레이닝 크기가 충분하면 블록 크기가 작아도 BER 성능이 유지됨을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 면적 효율적인 블록 MAP 복호기의 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 복호 방식은 블록 크기의 정수 배인 트레이닝 크기를 사용함으로써 메모리 사용량을 감소시키는 복호 순서를 사용한다. 제안된 복호 순서를 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 파이프라인 구조를 제안하였다. 실험 결과 제안된 복호 방식은 BER 성능을 유지하면서 메모리 사용량이 30~45% 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1111-1123
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• 2016

The present study aims at proposing an analytical method for semi-active structural control by using block pulse functions. The performance of the resulting controlled system and the requirements of the control devices are highly dependent on the control algorithm employed. In control problems, it is important to devise an accurate analytical method with less computational expenses. Block pulse functions (BPFs) set proved to be the most fundamental and it enjoyed immense popularity in different applications in the area of numerical analysis in systems science and control. This work focused on the application of BPFs in the control algorithm concerning decrease the computational expenses. Variable orifice dampers (VODs) are one of the common semi-active devices that can be used to control the response of civil Structures during seismic loads. To prove the efficiency of the proposed method, numerical simulations for a 10-story shear building frame equipped with VODs are presented. The controlled response of the frame was compared with results obtained by controlling the frame by the classical clipped-optimal control method based on linear quadratic regulator theory. The simulation results of this investigation indicated the proposed method had an acceptable accuracy with minor computational expenses and it can be advantageous in reducing seismic responses.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.311-317
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• 2008

As outdoor environment become worse due to concentration of population in large cities, the importance of environmental control strategies such as the arrangement of green space or water space and ventilation paths, has been increasingly recognized. However, most of the studies focus on the assessment on outdoor thermal environment, few studies focus on the interrelationship between thermal environment in residential block and human thermal comfort. The aims of this study is to develop the outdoor planning method to reduce the heating/cooling load in an apartment unit or entire block by the sustainable approaches in outdoor environmental design. In this paper, on the basis of the prior studies, the effect of the outdoor thermal environment on human thermal comfort will be analysed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2002

In this paper, genetic algorithm based adaptive image enhancement filtering scheme is proposed and Implemented on FPGA board. Conventional filtering methods require a priori noise information for image enhancement. In general, if a priori information of noise is not available, heuristic intuition or time consuming recursive calculations are required for image enhancement. Contrary to the conventional filtering methods, the proposed filter system can find optimal combination of filters as well as their sequent order and parameter values adaptively to unknown noise types using structured genetic algorithms. The proposed image enhancement filter system is mainly composed of two blocks. The first block consists of genetic algorithm part and fitness evaluation part. And the second block consists of four types of filters. The first block (genetic algorithms and fitness evaluation blocks) is implemented on host computer using C code, and the second block is implemented on re-configurabe FPGA board. For gray scale control, smoothing and deblurring, four types of filters(median filter, histogram equalization filter, local enhancement filter, and 2D FIR filter) are implemented on FPGA. For evaluation, three types of noises are used and experimental results show that the Proposed scheme can generate optimal set of filters adaptively without a pioi noise information.