• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.67-96
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• 2014

Today each country in the world goes beyond the narrow concept of national security that was limited to national defense and ideology and are entering multi-dimensional global system mainly based on economic profits. Nevertheless, conflicts between nations due to religious and ideological reasons have brought unprecedentedly intense disputes Security services for head of states have been an important national mission in every era and society. However, they are becoming a main target for assassination and attacks by terrorists. Attacks on the head of state and other VIPs can cause aftermath ranging from war to conflict situation, political crisis, and economic loss. Therefore this study aims to draw insights by comparing protective security units of Korea, the U.S., and Japan which have different legal basis and sociocultural characteristics. Especially in South Korea, which faces difficult diplomatic stance due to the tension with North Korea and relationship with other countries such as the U.S., China, and Russia as well as polarization between classes, generations, regions, and ideologies, cohesion among members of society has weakened and hatred toward the head of state has been brought, which emphasizes the important of national security services. Therefore the study of protective security units and its operation by comparison between neighboring countries will be able to bring insights on the promotion of the security service.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.739-751
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences of argumentation discourses for Socio-Scientific Issues in the types of decision-making and personality traits of pre-service biology teachers. For this study, SSI discussion topics were selected according to four types of decision making: logical reasoning, suggestion of complement, emotional base, and internal conflict. Three groups were constructed based on personality traits such as extroversion, acceptability, and integrity. Each three group used the workbook specially developed and freely used the smart device for discussion. A recorder and a camcorder were used to record each group, their behavior was recorded and the written materials during the discussion were collected for the results. Using Walton's analysis framework, the collected data analyzed in terms of the source of utterance, the process of dialogue shift, and the critical movements that can judge the reasoning of utterance. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the decision-making type of SSI topics and learners' personalities were influential in the decision-making process of SSI small group discussions. This research shows that there is a need to develop instructional materials considering decision-making types and learners' personality types of students as well as pre-service teachers for SSI discussion.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.229-248
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop sequential concept tests (ConcepTest) for teachers' conceptual change on the straight propagation of light through in-service training of science teachers by peer instruction. We revised the ConcepTests for attaining the goal concept by implementing similar training courses for teachers three times and analyzing the results using both Hake gain and verbal protocol. The final form helped most teachers to reach the goal concept. While teachers are solving a given concept problem test, they had shown not only significant cognitive conflict to select one among candidate answers, but also used the concept obtained through the previous problem. The sequential ConcepTests developed in this study can be useful for training elementary and secondary teachers or pre-service teacher education.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.134-143
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• 2022

TThe National Cemetery is a space for realizing patriotism at the national level to honor the will of those who gave their lives for the country and to permanently venerate their loyalty and merit. The purpose of the establishment of the national cemetery is to imitate the spirit of patriotism that was sacrificed for the country and people. The state distinguishes between private death and public death as a sacrifice for the state. Furthermore, we carefully manage deaths that are classified as public. National cemeteries are the institutional space for managing such public deaths. With respect for devotion and discipline, the standards for burial and commemoration should not be based on status or class. In a national cemetery, shifting the degree of courtesy and priorities to devotion and discipline will become a true patriotism system in a democratic society. First of all, it is time to honor those who have died and those who have dedicated themselves to the restoration of national sovereignty as the highest and highest priority. This is the key to resolving the conflict that our national cemetery is experiencing and gaining public sympathy. This study is based on the premise that the national cemetery is insufficient as an open memorial space and historical space loved by the people. In addition, the implications and applicability of national cemeteries are reviewed through domestic and foreign excellent cases and high-quality and eco-friendly national cemetery construction cases in advanced countries.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.239-260
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• 2011

It is very interesting phenomenon that despite a broad consensus on the need for social worker to take cultural aspects into professional practice, thus to be a culturally competent, a number of materials criticising the concept of cultural competence have emerged in these days simultaneously. The main purpose of the study is to clarify such phenomenon, which means that this article is trying to analyze the contents of such critical discourse on cultural competence and the validity of those contents. The result of the study finds out that most of the arguments can be categorized into three aspects: epistemological, ethical, ontological, and that most of the main ideas of the critical discourses have been borrowed from a branch of critical social work theories, especially highly influenced from Foucault and Derrida. This article argues that critical discourses have some significant problems which make a conflict with traditional values and tenets in social work as a human service profession. First, epistemologically, the critical discourse fails to differentiate the matter of discovery from that of justification, which brings the cultural competence to the brink of agnosticism. Second, ethically, insisting that there should be no foundational criteria for cultural hierarchy in term of rightness or goodness, the critical discourses reveal their intrinsic limitations in solving ethical dilemmas and conflict in real world, which can be considered as a kind of evasion of responsibility in disguise of cultural relativism. Third, in practical vein, critical discourses are largely in effective in specifying the concrete model to realize their own ideas, and furthermore they unintentionally promote context-blind perspectives that eclipses the significance of structural and systematical impacts on the cultural identity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 2018

Emerging automated driving environments will lead to a mixed traffic flow depending on the interaction between automated vehicles (AVs) and manually driven vehicles (MVs) because the market penetration rate (MPR) of AVs will gradually increase over time. Understanding the characteristics of mixed traffic conditions, and developing a method to control both AV and MV maneuverings smoothly is a backbone of the traffic management in the era of automated driving. To facilitate smooth vehicle interactions, the maneuvering of AVs should be properly determined by various traffic and road conditions, which motivates this study. This study investigated whether the aggressiveness of AV maneuvering, defined as automated driving aggressiveness (ADA), affect the performance of mixed traffic flow. VISSIM microscopic simulation experiments were conducted to derive proper ADAs for satisfying both the traffic safety and the operational efficiency. Traffic conflict rates and average travel speeds were used as indicators for the performance of safety and operations. While conducting simulations, level of service(LOS) and market penetration rate(MPR) of AVs were also taken into considerations. Results implies that an effective guideline to manage the ADA under various traffic and road conditions needs to be developed from the perspective of traffic operations to optimize traffic performances.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was identified about the self-perceived job stress and the relationship between turnover and job stress of dental hygienists'. This results were based for improved of job satisfaction of dental hygienists'. 214 dental hygienist in Ulsan and Kyung Nam areas were participated and this study was done from March to May in 2009. Results: In the job-related environmental characteristic, 57.5% of participant worked in dental clinic and 42.5% of participant worked in dental hospital. The majority of career year was 1~3 years, 42.5%. 38.3% of participant had turnover, and the majority of number of turnover was once, 45.1%. 33.6% of participant had 1,300,000~1,490,000 won/month, 49.5% of participant worked for 8~9hours/day and the major working service was assistant for general dental treatment, 70.1%. Younger dental hygienist had more stress about inappropriate compensation. Higher education and married dental hygienist had more stress about job demand. The number of turnover, workplace culture and experience of turnover were significantly related. In the job-related environmental characteristic, job demand, interpersonal conflict and a case of dental clinic were significantly related. Other effecting factors were interpersonal conflict in salary, organization system in working time, and working demand in conditions of 5day's working. Experience of turnover was influenced with interpersonal conflicts and the number of dental hygienist in the working place was related with job stress significantly.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.89-105
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to examine the primary causes of security guard's stress by conducting a survey of 50 guards engaging in security companies in Seoul and Gyeonggido. The following results are attained by an inductive content analysis of conviction interview data through in-depth interview of qualitative study method. 1. Factors of stress related to personal problems. The stress by personal problems is resulted from two factors. One is the physical strength inferiority, which leads to negative thoughts, dismay, mental conflict and tension. The other is complex about not-specializing security, which causes discord with his/her supervisor or co-workers and a feeling of uneasiness. 2. Factors of stress related to human relationship. The stress due to human relations is constantly resulted from discord with his/her supervisor and inclined to be accumulated. The mental conflict is elated in feeling that the manager's instructions are not right. So this factor makes them want change of occupation. Also working conditions are different from those of their friends, which causes them not to spend a lot of time with their friends. 3. Factors of stress related to domestic life It appears that most security guards are under stress due to their spouses' discontent with a small number of wages. Also it is reported that male guards are under stress in case of unhappy conjugal relations. And security guard's life is restricted much more than that of workers in a general occupation because of standing ready for mobilization and 24-hour service. So some of male guards experienced an early symptoms of a morbid suspicion about their wife's chastity and are suffering from insomnia as an occupational disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.63-76
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• 2005

Wood-culture is new paradigm which is substituted for the cement culture, and the study of wood-culture should keep pace with not only the study of a engineering science but also a sociological study to form a theory system. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method of sociological approach of the wood culture which have not yet tried at home and abroad; in view of structural-functionalism, systemical-functionalism, conflict theory, social-change theory by analyzing cases in Korea. In view of structural-functionalism, social system consists of cognition system, institution system, life system and technology system. These sub-systems fulfill the function of what-should-be, reasonability, reality and development. In view of systemical-functionalism, according to the acknowledgment and spreading proccess of the wood usefulness, wood culture system consists of the individual system, organizational system and the social system. In view of conflict theory, the society which has the wood culture can be classified into three types. The one is society which the traditional wood culture is declining and the cement culture is spreading. The other one is society which the cement culture is declining and the traditional wood culture is spreading. Another is Finally the society which the two type balance with. In view of social-change theory, the society can be classified into three types. The one is society which the wood culture is proceeding to the cement culture. The other is society which the cement culture is proceeding to the wood culture. Another is society which the wood culture changes itself. Finally, from a view of changing level, the society can be classified into three types: the micro-change, the middle-level-change, and the macro-change. It's need to study wood culture systemically in view of engineering and sociological science. And then it will be possible to make 'wood culture theory system'.