• (The)Korea Educational Review
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.287-311
• /
• 2018

This research identifies an educational ideal, purpose of goal intrinsic to Hindu ashrama and provide a concrete list of appropriate educational contents and methods in accordance with them. The ideal is moksa a pursuit of spiritual liberation. The goal is to be consciously aware of and practice the Dharma at each of the four stages of life, as preserved in ashrama, by completing the educational contents and methods in each stage. In the fist stage, the student stage, the goal is to learn social laws, recognize his vocation and responsibilities through studying Veda, and engage in apprenticeship with the teacher. In the second stage, the householder stage, the goal is to get married, take care of his family, and produce the kinds of service the society requires of him. In order to do so, he is expected to learn in his ordinary life the manners for family members and the ways of ancestral rituals. In the third stage, the self-disciplined stage, the goal is to retire from social responsibilities, behave in accordance with norms and rules, and set oneself free from material desire. In order to do so, he is expected to complete the eight stage of yoga and practice asceticism. In the four stage, the nirvana stage, the goal is to completely free from obsession and reaches the spiritual liberation. In order to do so, one is expected to participate in meditation and pilgrimage to the Holy Land until he reaches the final point.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.53-74
• /
• 2012

The bundling of multiple products/services at a set price has become a popular marketing strategy. However, little is known on how effects of bundling strategy influence tourists' evaluation of tour packages. Tourists evaluate a tour package based on the trade-off between the perceived benefits and costs involved in purchasing the tour package. In other words, the perceived value of the tour package influenced whether tourists to purchase a tour package or not. This study tested a tour package based on the theory of bundling, taking a moderating approach with perceived value. The data for this study wascollected by subjects who live Seoul Metropolitan Area and Gyeonggi Province and 4234 respondents, potential tourists to northeastern U.S.A/Canada. Results show that bundling taken by travel agencies include how many product items to put in a tour package and what degree of discount for the tour package. Also explaining functional relationship among product items in the tour package. Result show that tourists expect a discount, large or small, from purchasing a tour package. And the larger the number of products in a tour packages, the larger the discount size, and low functional relationship among items tourists expect to get.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.57-81
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to summarise the educational meanings of Official Foreign Language Schools(hereafter, OFLS) in Korea, 1895-1906. Especially, I try to find out the foreign language policy of the Joseon Dynasty and the comparative superiority between six foreign language schools - Japanese School, English School, French School, Russian School, Chinese School, and German School - through the traits of teachers and the change of students numbers at the Regulation Period. As a part of Kabo Reforms, the government had abolished the of Civil Service Examination System and status system, and foreign languages worked as a cultural capital to acquire modern civilization and to escalate one's social status. The results were as follows: Firstly, the OFLS have to be regarded as one of the highest educational institute during the Regulation Period. The eligibility of the OFLS was over 15 years old, but most of the incoming students were over 20 years old. Secondly, many of the OFLS's teachers were specialists of military, diplomat and mechanics. Especially, Martel, the teacher of French school played an important role for the neutral diplomacy policy of the Great Korean(Dae-Han) Empire during the Regulation Period. Thirdly, the recruit of new members of the OFLS was affected by the political and social circumstances at that time. Fourthly, the statistics of incoming students during the Regulation Period was concentrated on Chinese school, French school, and English school in due order. Thus, it differed from the commonly accepted ideas of students' statistics which was concentrated on English School and Japanese School. Fifthly, the OFLS were not only for the training of official interpreters(譯官通事), but also the cultivation of civil servants who could become statesman.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.797-813
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends and to achieve in-depth understanding about the research on families in later life. The journal articles related to the elderly and family studies published between 1980 and 2008 were analyzed for theories, research subjects and methodology. A total of 181 research articles were published focused on the elderly and families during this period of time. The results are as follows; there has been a steady increase in the number of research articles analyzing the elderly and families since 1980. However, there was little effort to integrate empirical findings with theories. With regards to the methodology, the majority of the studies used quantitative methods, although the number of the qualitative studies increased after 1990. The size of samples in most of the quantitative studies was large enough to test inferential statistic techniques. The research subjects such as family relations(parent-adult child, grandparent-grandchildren), family conflict, support system were studied in depth; however, the practical use of these research findings in welfare policies and service programs was not so effective. In future, researchers should be expected to play important roles in the practical fields and the policy implementation process utilizing their research findings.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to develop evaluation items based on Parten's social play developmental stages to measure social play in preschool children. Methods : Through a literature review, the investigation items according to Parten's social play developmental stages were collected. Two Delphi surveys were conducted using 22 expert panels. An understanding of the contents of the preliminary items was determined via parents of preschool children. The evaluation method was established through an expert advisory meeting. Results : Through data collection and the Delphi survey, a total of 89 items were drawn, including 12 unoccupied behaviors, 7 onlooker behaviors, 14 solitary play, 16 parallel play, 17 associative play, and 23 cooperative play items. The average content validity ratio of the Delphi survey was 0.85. The stability was 0.15. The consensus was 0.78. The final preliminary evaluation items comprised a total of 40 items, including 17 for associative play and 23 for cooperative play. Conclusion : An evaluation items that can measure social play in preschool children was developed, and its content validity was verified. It is expected to be used as an evaluation tool in clinical practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.469-482
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze regional variation factors of hypertension treatment rate in COVID-19 based on the analysis results based on ecological methodology. To this end, data suitable for ecological analysis were collected from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's regional health statistics, local government COVID-19 confirmed cases, National Health Insurance Corporation, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's welfare statistics, and Korea Transport Institute's traffic access index. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS Statistics 23 for regional variation and related factors in hypertension treatment rate, and geographical weighted regression analysis was conducted using Arc GIS for regional variation factors. As a result of the study, the overall explanatory power of the calculated geo-weighted regression model was 27.6%, distributed from 23.1% to 33.4% by region. As factors affecting the treatment rate of hypertension, the higher the rate of basic living security medical benefits, diabetes treatment rate, and health institutions per 100,000 population, the higher the rate of hypertension treatment, the lower the number of COVID-19 confirmed patients, the lower the rate of physical activity, and the alcohol consumption. Percentage of alcohol consumption decreased due to COVID-19 pandemic. It was analyzed that the lower the ratio, the higher the treatment rate for hypertension. Based on these results, the analysis of regional variables in the treatment rate of hypertension in COVID-19 can be expected to be effective in managing the treatment rate of hypertension, and furthermore, it is expected to be used to establish community-centered health promotion policies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.289-309
• /
• 2022

In recent years, astronomy has been snowballing: including Higgs particle discovery, black hole imaging, extraterrestrial exploration, and deep space observation. Students are also largely interested in astronomy. The purpose of this study is to discover what needs to be improved in the current astronomy curriculum in light of recent scientists' researches and discoveries. We collected keywords from all papers published from 2011 to 2020 in four selected journals-ApJ, ApJL, A&A, and MNRAS- by R package to examine research trends. The curriculum contents were extracted by synthesizing the in-service teachers' coding results in the 2015 revised curriculum document of six subjects (Science, Integrated Science, Earth Science I, Earth Science II, Physics II, Convergence Science). The research results are as follows: first, keywords that appear steadily in astronomy are 'galaxies: formation, galaxy: active, star: formation, accretion, method: numerical.' Second, astronomy curriculum includes all areas except the 'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena' area within the common science curriculum learned by all students. Third, it is necessary to review the placement of content elements by subject and grade and to consider introducing new concepts based on astronomy research keywords. This is an exploratory study to compare curriculum and the field of scientific research that forms the basis of the subject. We expect to provide implications for a future revision of the astronomy curriculum as a primary ground investigation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2022

Gender neutral draft is the system that the level of manpower which military demands right now can be kept and the concept of gender equality can enlarge itself. This thesis draws implications on the necessity of optional review of draft and the amelioration of military organizational culture for the military through the example of Norway that has adopted gender neutral draft initially in Europe. The Military that is characterized by traditionally male led domain accelerates itself the openness to female by the aggrandizement of social participation and the improvement of human right for female. The various concerns about a necessary facilities, the period ofmilitary service, the level of salary, the keeping of combat power, etc just should be overcome in order to enlarge conscription to female in Korea. Situations such as the environment of national security, the level of social participation to female, the treatment to minority are different, so it is difficult for us to draw any conclusion whether the adoption of sex neutral conscription is right or not. Nonetheless, the national strategy that prepares for future may not be concluded easily and we can not stop it even though it is discomfortable truth. In Conclusion, we anticipate that the sound discourse on measures of including female in draft will be continued from the start with this thesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2022

Background: The effect of underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during a pandemic is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the prognosis of COVID-19 according to the underlying COPD. Methods: COVID-19 patients were assessed using nationwide health insurance data. Comorbidities were evaluated using the modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) which excluded COPD from conventional CCI scores. Baseline characteristics were assessed. Univariable and multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine effects of variables on clinical outcomes. Ages, sex, mCCI, socioeconomic status, and underlying COPD were selected as variables. Results: COPD patients showed older age (71.3±11.6 years vs. 47.7±19.1 years, p<0.001), higher mCCI (2.6±1.9 vs. 0.8±1.3, p<0.001), and higher mortality (22.9% vs. 3.2%, p<0.001) than non-COPD patients. The intensive care unit admission rate and hospital length of stay were not significantly different between the two groups. All variables were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. However, underlying COPD was not associated with mortality unlike other variables in the adjusted analysis. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.14; p<0.001), male sex (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.67-3.12; p<0.001), higher mCCI (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20-1.41; p<0.001), and medical aid insurance (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.32; p=0.035) were associated with mortality. Conclusion: Underlying COPD is not associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.207-220
• /
• 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate the application and utility of emergency rescue education and derive limitations, improvements and development directions of university education based on the field experience of 119 emergency medical technician(EMT)s. The research subjects were six new 119 emergency medical technician(EMT)s within three years of starting their first-aid service in the field. After conducting in-depth narrative interviews, the analysis was performed using Colaizzi method. The 82 formulated meanings were derived from significant statements. From formulated meanings, 23 themes, 4 theme clusters, 2 categories were identified. The four theme clusters were 'The effectiveness of university education', 'The limitations of university education', 'The direction of improvement in educational methodology' and 'The direction of improvement in educational contents. University education has been helpful overall, but limitations are observed at the same time, suggesting that it should be developed through the improvement of educational methodologies (i.e. problem-based learning, field case review, education through role-playing, simulation education, strengthening skill ect.) and educational content (i.e. training tailored to the field, education focused on trauma or cardiac arrest, expansion of triage education in disaster management, reinforcement of education on-site safety, education on special patients, diverse guidance and faculty for different perspectives).