• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of serum calcium and magnesium levels to depression and anxiety symptoms in 80 homemarker. Fasting blood samples were collected and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured. At the same time, psychological conditions of subjects were estimated by questionnaire. As the result of psychological test, eighty homemarkers were divided into two groups according to psychologicaltest scores. The subjects in one group got high pssycholgoical test scores as high score group (HSG) and the others got low physchological test scores as low score group(LSG). Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly(p<0.05) lower in HSG than in HSG than in LSG. Many a subject who belonged to HSG appeared to have depression and anxiety symptoms. Drepression and anxiety scores of the subjects with calcium supplementation were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those without calcium supplementation . After calcium supplementation, depressiion and anxiety scores were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in HSG and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations in HSG were significantly increased to normal ranges . This results suggested that psychological conditions of homemarkers might be affected by serum calcium and magnesium levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 1997

To determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous strogen on serum lipid levels, twenty nonsmoking healthy Korean women were participated in this experiment for 12 weeks. They were assigned to three groups : (1) eight women aged 22 to 30(yr) for the premenopausal(Pre) group, (2) eight, aged 49 to 60(yr) for the postmenoparusal(Pst) group, (3) four, aged 23 to 30(yr) for the oral contraceptive(OC) group which used triphasic OC formulation. Fasting blood samples representing every phase of the hormonal levels were obtained from the subjects of the Pre and the OC group. From the subjects of the Pst group, fasting blood samples were obtained once per three weeks for 12 weeks. All the serum data were adjusted for dietary effects, exercise, personality type and body mass index(BMI) by using analysis of covariation(ANCOVA). Serum lipid levels of the three groups were significantly different. While serum levels of triglycerides(TG)(p<0.0001), low density lipoprotein-chloesterol(LDL-C)/high density liporotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio (LDC-C/HDL-C)(P<0.01) and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C)(P<0.001) were significatnly high in the Pst group, serum HDL-C(P0.001) level was significantly high in the Pre group. The OC group showed significantly low serum TC(P<0.0001) and LDL-C(P<0.0001) levels. There was no signidicant difference in the fluictuation of serum lipid levels during the menstrual cycle of the Pre group. However, in the OC group, serum TG level was significantly increased at phase 2(P<0.05) where exogenous estrogen administration was highest. Even though other serum lipid levels of the OC group were not significantly fluctuated according to the exogenous estrogen administration, there was a trend of increased levels of serum TC, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C and decreased level of HDL-C during the menstruation period. Also, serum TC level was high(P<0.005) and serum TG level was low (P<0.005) at the baseline of the OC group compared with the periods of OC administration. When screening and counseling the female population at risk for coronary heart disease(CHD), the result of this study suggest that in may be desirable to divide the population into several groups according to their personal physiological characteristics, such as age, OC administration, menstrual cycle and menopause, as well as general risk factors for CHD.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

배경: 세포 내 공간에서 가장 흔한 양이온은 칼륨이며 생리적으로 중요한 역할을 한다. 칼륨 불균형 발생시 생명을 위협할 수 있는 문제가 생길 수 있으며 그 문제들은 전신 쇠약부터 심실 세동에 의한 심장마비까지 있다. 따라서 응급의학과 의사가 짧은 시간 내에 그런 문제를 찾아내야 하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이 연구에서 우리는 전혈과 혈청의 샘플들을 서로 짝을 지어 비교 분석하여 전혈의 결과가 혈청의 결과만큼 유용하게 쓰일 수 있는지 알아보기로 했다. 방법: 227명의 환자에게서 두 종류의 샘플을 채취하여 비교했다. 하나의 샘플은 요골동맥에서 채취한 전혈을 헤파린 처리된 주사기에 담아 검사했으며 다른 하나는 혈청 샘플을 담아 검사실에서 검사했다. 그 후 샘플들을 정상, 저 칼륨, 고 칼륨의 세 그룹으로 나누어 각각의 그룹에서 혈청과 전혈의 샘플들을 비교하였다. 결과: 혈청과 전혈의 칼륨 수치들의 차이는 통계학적으로 큰 의미를 보이지는 않았으며(P<0.05) 세 그룹 내에서의 칼륨 수치들간의 연관성은 통계학적으로 의미 있게 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 세 그룹 중 고 칼륨 그룹에서 전혈과 혈청의 칼륨 수치가 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였으며 저 칼륨 그룹에서 가장 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 전혈을 이용한 응급 검사가 칼륨 이상 소견, 특히 고칼륨혈증이 의심되는 환자의 진단에 선별검사로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2005

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of a major metabolite of terfenadine, fexofenadine, in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of terfenadine. Fexofenadine and internal standard, haloperidol were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile and analyzed on a $Symmetry^{TM}$ C8 column with the mobile phase of 1% triethylamine phosphate (pH 3.7)-acetonitrile (67:33, v/v, adjusted to pH 5.6 with triethylamine). Detection wavelength of 230 nm for excitation, 280 nm for emission and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed fexofenadine concentration (50 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 10-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 0.5 mL of serum was 10 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for the pharmacokinetic studies of terfenadine. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 95.70 to 114.58% for fexofenadine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 3.53-14.39%. The relative mean recovery of fexofenadine for human serum was 90.17%. Stability studies (freeze-thaw, short-term, extracted serum sample and stock solution) showed that fexofenadine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-70^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that fexofenadine was not stable. The peak area and retention time of fexofenadine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of fexofenadine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Tafedine tablet (60 mg as terfenadine) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

A selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of pentoxifylline in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline and internal standard, chloramphenicol, were extracted from the serum by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane and analyzed on a Luna CI8(2) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.034 M phosphoric acid (25:75, v/v, adjusted to pH 4.0 with 10 M NaOH). Detection wavelength of 273 nm and flow rate of 0.8 mL/min were used. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 10-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 0.5 mL of the serum was 10 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies of pentoxifylline. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 89.3 to 92.7% for pentoxifylline with overall precision (% C.V.) being 4.1-9.2%. The relative mean recovery of pentoxifylline for human serum was 105.8%. Stability (stock solution, short and long-term) studies showed that pentoxifylline was not stable during storage. But three freeze-thaw cycles and extracted serum samples were stable. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully applied for the analysis of pentoxifylline in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered $Trental^{\circledR}$ tablet (400 mg pentoxifylline), demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of promethazine in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of promethazine. Promethazine and internal standard, chlorpromazine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane containing 0.8% isopropanol and analyzed on a Capcell Pak CN column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, adjusted to pH 6.0 with 1 M NaOH). Detection wavelength of 251 nm and flow rate of 0.9 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed promethazine concentration (10 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 1-40 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 1 mL of serum was 1 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 96.15 to 105.40% for promethazine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 6.70-11.22%. The relative mean recovery of promethazine for human serum was 63.54%. Stability (freeze-thaw and short-term) studies showed that promethazine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that promethazine was not stable. Extracted serum sample and stock solution were not allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 12 hr prior to injection. The peak area and retention time of promethazine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of promethazine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Himazin tablet (25 mg as promethazine hydrochloride) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

A total of 782 blood and 465 tissue samples from 1,039 wild animals and 127 dairy goats were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in 10 provinces of South Korea and tested for the presence of brucellosis. The Rose Bengal test revealed that 8.0% (52/650) of the serum samples were seropositive, while 4.2% (33/782) of the serum samples were positive for Brucella antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 650 sera examined, only 16 (2.5%) were positive by both serological tests. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using B4/B5 primers for Brucella abortus (BCSP31) revealed the prevalence of Brucella to be 26.5% (129/487) in blood samples and 21% (98/465) in tissue samples while, 16S rRNA PCR detected Brucella DNA in 6.8% (33/487) and 2.6% (12/465) in blood and tissue samples, respectively. Of PCR-positive samples, only 6.2% (30/487) of blood samples and 2.4% (11/465) of tissue samples were found to be positive by both BCSP31 and 16S rRNA PCRs. However, Brucella strains were isolated by blood culture from only two out of 487 blood samples (0.4%). This characterization and identification of pathogenic Brucella isolates is the first to clearly indicate that the organisms were Brucella abortus biovar 1.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1986

뇌낭미충증환자 혈청 및 뇌척수액의 특이 IgG 항체가를 면역효소측정 법으로 측정하였을 때에 이 혈청학적 진단법이 환자진단에 얼마나 유용한지를 평가하였다. 1984년 1월부터 1986년 1월까지 주로 신경학적 중상을 나타낸 환자 355명에서 혈청 및 뇌척수액을 검사하였다. 면역효소측정법에 사용한 항원은 돼지에 자연감염된 유구낭미충의 낭액이며 단백질 농도 $2.5{\mu}g/ml$로 희석하여 사용하였고, 혈청은 1 : 100으로 희석하여, 뇌척수액은 희석하지 않고 반응시켰고 Perozidase-Conjugated Antihuman IgG goat serum(Cappel 회사제품)을 1 : 5,000으로 사용하여 혈청 및 뇌척수액내 유구낭미충 특이 IgG 항체가를 흡광도로 표시하였다. 흡광도 0.18 또는 그 이상을 양성으로 판정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자 355명중 신경외과 수술 및 병리학적 소견으로 확진된 뇌낭미충증 환자 26명, 피하결절 생검에서 낭미충증을 진단하였고 뇌전산화 단충촬영으로 확진한 환자 24명, 뇌전산화 단층환영으로 확진한 21명등 71명에서 면역효소측정법에 의한 특이 IgG항체가 양성자는 64명으로 민감도는 90.1%이었다. 그 중 혈청의 검사에 의한 민감도는 77.5%, 뇌척수액 검사에 의한 민감도는 83.1%로서 뇌척수액 검사가 더 민감한 소견이었다. 뇌낭미충증으로 확진된 환자중 위음성자는 특이 IgG 항체가가 대단히 낮은 예가 대부분이었다. 2. 대상자 355명중 뇌낭미충중 이외의 질환으로 확진된 환자는 52명으로서 그중 7례는 신경외과 수술 및 병리학적 소견에 근거하여 기타 질환으로 확진된 예이며 45례는 세균학적, 방사선학적 소견등을 근거로 기타 질환으로 확진된 예이었다. 이들 중 뇌낭미충 특이항체 검사에서 음성을 보인 예는 46례로서 이 검사의 특이도는 88.5%이었다. 혈청 및 뇌척수액검사에 의한 특이도는 카각 94.2%이었다. 위 양성반응을 보인 예 중에서 혈청 및 뇌척수액에서 모두 양성인 예는 없었다. 3. 혈청내 특이 IgG 항체 검사에 의한 기타 기생충감염자에서의 교차반응의 정도는 다음과 같았다. 무구조충증 18례중 2례, 스파르가눔증 20례중 2례, 폐흡충증 56례중 1례, 간흡충증 15례중 1례, 간질(간질)증 1례중 1례등이 교차반응을 나타내었다. 뇌척수액내 특이 IgG 함체 검사에 의한 교차반응을 뇌폐흡충증 환자 9례 중에는 없었으나 뇌스파르가눔중 환자 10례중 2례는 교차반응을 보였다. 뇌낭미충증으로 확진된 71례중 폐흡충항원에 대해 교차반응을 보인 예는 없었으나 스파르가눔 항원에 대해서는 혈청으로 검사했을 경우 6례, 뇌척수액의 경우 11례에서 교차반응을 나타내었다. 4. 뇌압상승이 있는 뇌낭미충증환자 예에서 뇌실조영술이나 뇌실복막강 단락술 도중 얻은 측뇌실 뇌척수액으로 낭미충 특이 IgG 항체가를 측정하면 측뇌실에 병변이 있지 않는 한 음성 또는 낮은 양성림위의 홉광도를 보이고 있었다. 5. 포도낭미충증 환자 4례중 혈청검사로는 4례중 3례가, 뇌척수액검사로는 검사한 3례 모두가 양성반응을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 혈청 및 뇌척수액내 특이 IgG 항체를 면역효소 측정 법으로 측정하는 혈청학적 진단법이 뇌낭미충증 환자의 감별진단에 매우 유용함을 보이고 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2012

This paper presents a portable and compact optical device which can conveniently be used to perform a functional analysis of human liver function. The proposed system employed red/green LEDs, as a light source, and CMOS image sensor, which is commonly used in cellular phones. With this system, several blood serum samples have been evaluated for liver functional analysis by measuring light absorption level through the blood serum samples depending on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin concentration. The light absorption through the blood serum samples containing AST, ALT, or total bilirubin can provide their concentrations. The green light absorption is more sensitive to the concentration of AST or ALT, and the red light absorption is more sensitive to the total bilirubuin concentration. Additional calibration steps were performed by using a MATLAB program in order to eliminate the light scattering effects from the extraneous particles existing in each blood serum sample. From the blind test, three standard light intensity curves through each enzyme have been obtained and the enzyme concentration values have been compared to those obtained from a commercially available biochemistry analyzer (Toshiba 200 FR). The average percent difference in the obtained concentrations from two systems for AST, ALT, and total bilirubin concentration came out to be 7.79%, 7.98%. and 7.56%, respectively, with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.98. This system can possibly lead to a low-cost and simple system that can be used as a point-of-care (POC) system in a condition without advanced equipments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.2156-2162
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• 2012

Many literatures focus on the biological relevance and the identification of biomarkers for disease activity assessment while less attention has been paid to the development of standard procedures for sample preparation and storage based on liquid chromatography technique. The influencing factors including protein precipitation, storage temperature, storage time, and reconstitution by ultra pure water were analyzed employing HPLC-DAD. The effects were investigated from five participants over three months by principal components analysis (PCA) and the values of percent changes (PC). The samples with protein precipitation might slow the rate of bacterial enzymatic conversion. After protein precipitation, the average PC of urine samples ($0.136{\pm}0.013$, n = 5) is relatively less than that of the serum samples ($0.173{\pm}0.026$, n = 5) for three months. Minimal effects on metabolic profiles of serum and urine (PC < 0.15) are reasonable for metabolomic studies after protein precipitation and storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for two months.