• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.802-811
• /
• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the dietary patterns of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition in serum, 2) determine selenium (Se) concentrations, and 3) investigate how serum fatty acid compositon affects serum levels of Se in Korean elementary school children. The subjects consisted of 168 school children(82 boys & 86 girls) belonging to 1st through 6th grades, and their dietary assessment was evaluated. The serum fatty acid composition was analyzed by GLC, and the ICP/MS method was employed to measure serum Se concentration. Total average intake of PUFA, MUFA and SFA were 10.5g, 12.7g, 11.2g respectively. Total average dietary P/M/S ratio was 1.10/1.18/1.0. The average intake of $\omega$3 fatty acids and $\omega$6 fatty acids were 1.33g, 9.19g, respectively. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3ratio was 14.2 which is higher than the recommended range. In serum fatty acid composition, PUFA, MUFA, SFA were 40.6%, 28.1% and 31.6% respectively. The average $\omega$3 fatty acid composition was 3.80%, and the mean value of $\omega$6 series was 36.8%. The M/S ratio of girls was significantly higher than boy's in fatty acids intake and in serum composition. Mean Se concentration of total subjects was 416.7ug/l and it was significantly higher in the lower grades(1st-3rd)than in the upper grades(4th~6th, p<0.05). Although the mean serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with PUFA composition in total boys and girls, it was not significant. Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with P/S ratio and C24:1 concentration(p<0.05). In addition, serum composition of $\omega$6 PUFA and C24:1 showed negative correlations with serum Se in only lower grades girl(1st~3rd), and further studies are needed to clarify in these phenomena. In conclusion, the mean serum Se concentration was significantly lower in upper grades (4th~6th)than in lower grades(1st~3rd) of elementary school children and was negatively correlated with P/S ratio of serum fatty acids. More detailed studies on relationship between Se and fatty acids are required.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.1948-1956
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level, and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 54 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of five treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with one additional treatment in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se (IS or OS) sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean based diet, ii) IS30: control+inorganic Se 0.30 ppm, iii) IS50: control+inorganic Se 0.50 ppm, iv) OS30: control+ organic Se ppm, and v) OS50: control+organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At day 21 of lactation, piglet weight and weight gain in the OS treatments were higher than those in the IS treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, adding 0.5 ppm Se also resulted in the same significant differences in piglet BW and weight gain (p<0.05). Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (p<0.05) with Se level for both Se sources but were greater when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Except for 24 hours postpartum, the Se concentrations were higher when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Sow serum Se content was greater as Se levels increased from 0.3 ppm to 0.5 ppm at day 110 of gestation, 24 hours postpartum and day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The pig serum Se concentration increased as the dietary Se level increased (p<0.05) and was higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Organic Se 0.5 ppm also had the highest serum Se level at two measured points (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with organic Se or 0.5 ppm Se in a gestating diet could improve piglet performance, the Se status of sows and piglets and milk composition, but organic Se at 0.5 ppm is optimal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.324-332
• /
• 1998

Studies on relationships between antioxidant nutrients and various chronic diseases are increasing. In this study , serum concentrations of antioxidant minerals(Se, Cu, Zn & Mn) wee measured and compared among normal Korean adults. The ICP -MS method was employed to measure mineral concentrations. The subjects consisted of 329 healthy adults(154 men & 175 women) aged 20-79 years. The mean serum concentration appeared to be 26.4$\pm$0.41 (Se), 89.6$\pm$1.53(Cu), 113.3$\pm$1.56(Zn) & 0.34$\pm$0.05(Mn)$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ for men and 24.5$\pm$0.32(Se), 95.1$\pm$1.58(Cu), 133.6$\pm$1.79(Zn) & 0.35$\pm$0.02(Mn) $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ for women respectively. Among antioxidant minerals measured, the mean serum levels of Se and Zn were higher in men than in women(p<0.001), whereas that of Cu was higher in women(p<0.01). No significant difference between sex was observed for the mean Mn concentrations. The mean serum levels of Se(p<0.01) and Zn(p<0.05) decreased significantly in the 60's women On the other hand, the Mn concentrations in the 60's of women showed a significant increase(p<0.01). This difference seems to be due to the changes in menopausal status . The Cu levels in men showed a consistent increase with advancing age. The mean Cu/Zn ratios were 0.83 $\pm$0.04 for men and 0.95$\pm$0.02(p<0.01) for women respectively. The fact that this ratio increased significantly at the 60's of men (1.26 ; p<0.001) requires further study in relation to chronic diseases. When analyzed by stepwise multiple regression, drinking positively influenced serum Se and Cu levels for both men and women , smoking, however, negatively influenced all serum mineral levels for women. Further studies are needed to clarify precise roles of antioxidant minerals, their interactions and their relation to disease status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 2011

We investigated the selenium (Se) nutrition status in Korean infants. The mean serum Se concentration in infants was 66.9 ${\mu}g/L$, and it increased with increasing in infant age: 57.6 ${\mu}g/L$ at 0-5 months, 71.8 ${\mu}g/L$ at 6-11 months, and 75.5 ${\mu}g/L$ at 12-24 months. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity also increased with infant age. Serum Se concentration in infants was positively correlated with serum GPx activity (r = 0.565, p < 0.01). At 0-5 months, human milk-fed infants tended to have higher Se concentrations and GPx activity than those of formula-fed infants, but the result was not significant. With the introduction of supplemental feeding at 6-24 months of age, serum Se concentration was not different between the groups. Therefore, human milk feeding seemed to be more appropriate for infant Se nutrition than infant formula feeding during the first 6 months of life, but supplemental feeding became more important later to maintain good Se nutrition status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of supplemental selenomethionine (Se-Met) on growth performance and serum antioxidant status in Taihang Black goats. Fifty 16-week-old goats with an average body weight of 12.5${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly assigned to five treatments fed a basal diet (0.049 mg Se/kg DM) supplemented with 0 (control), 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg of Se/kg DM (form Se-Met) for 80 days. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (p<0.05) in the groups supplemented with 0.30 to 0.50 mg Se/kg DM compared with the control group. However, Se-Met supplementation had no influence on average daily feed intake (p>0.05). Se-Met supplementation significantly increased (p<0.01) the activity of glutathione peroxidase enzymes (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum. The group supplemented with 0.50 mg Se/kg DM had the highest activity of GSH-Px compared with other groups (p<0.05). Serum SOD activity was higher (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with both 0.30 and 0.50 mg Se/kg DM than in control goats and goats supplemented with 1.00 mg Se/kg DM. Serum glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with 0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg Se/kg DM compared with control values. These results indicated that Se-Met supplementation markedly improved the antioxidant status in goats. Blood Se concentration increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.001) as the level of supplemental Se-Met increased. The concentration of Se in the control diet (0.049 mg Se/kg DM) did not satisfy the Se requirement in goats as indicated by reduced growth rate, feed efficiency, activities of GSH-Px and SOD in serum, and blood Se concentrations. In conclusion, it is recommended that 0.30 to 0.50 mg of Se/kg DM from Se-Met (total diet Se of 0.349 to 0.549 mg/kg DM) be supplied in the diet of Taihang Black goats to enhance growth performance and improve antioxidant status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.1577-1582
• /
• 2013

The effects of dietary supplementation of selenium (Se), iodine (I), and a combination of both on the blood haematology, serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) hormones and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity were examined on twenty four (7 to 8 months old, $22{\pm}1.17$ kg live weight) Kacang crossbred male goats. Animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (6 animals in each group). Throughout 100 d of feeding trial, the animals of control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the other three groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg diet DM Se (SS), or 0.6 mg/kg diet DM I (PI), or a combination of both Se and I, each at 0.6 mg/kg diet DM (SSPI). The haematological attributes which are haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), band neutrophils (B Neut), segmented neutrophils (S Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eosin) and basophils (Baso) were similar among the four treatment groups, while serum levels of Se and I increased significantly (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The combined dietary supplementation of Se and I (SSPI) significantly increased serum FT3 in the supplemented animals. Serum GSH-Px activity increased significantly in the animals of SS and SSPI groups. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of inorganic Se and I at a level of 0.6 mg/kg DM increased serum Se and I concentration, FT3 hormone and GSH-Px activity of Kacang crossbred male goats.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.3817-3824
• /
• 2013

Various separation modes in HPLC, such as anion exchange (AE), reversed-phase (RP), and affinity (AF) chromatography were examined for the separation of selenium species in human blood serum and urine. While RP- and AE-HPLC were mainly used for the separation of small molecular selenium species, double column AF-HPLC achieved the separation of selenoproteins in blood serum efficiently. Further, the effluent of AF-HPLC was enzymatically hydrolyzed and then analyzed with RP HPLC for selenoamino acid study. The versatility of the hybrid technique makes the in-depth study of selenium species possible. For quantification, post column isotope dilution (ID) with $^{78}Se$ spike was performed. ORC ICP/MS (octapole reaction cell inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry) was used with 4 mL $min^{-1}$ Hydrogen as reaction gas. In urine sample, inorganic selenium and SeCys were identified. In blood serum, selenoproteins GPx, SelP and SeAlb were detected and quantified. The concentration for GPx, SelP and SeAlb was $22.8{\pm}3.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$, $45.2{\pm}1.7\;ng\;g^{-1}$, and $16.1{\pm}2.2\;ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively when $^{80}Se/^{78}Se$ was used. The sum of these selenoproteins ($84.1{\pm}4.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$) agrees well with the total selenium concentration measured with the ID method of $87.0{\pm}3.0\;ng\;g^{-1}$. Enzymatic hydrolysis of each selenium proteins revealed that SeCys is the major amino acid for all three proteins and SeMet is contained in SeAlb only.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship and lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diets. These subjects consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measure-ments, diet intake measurements, and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of 5 microminerals(As, Cr, Mn, Se, Ni), lipids(triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and glucose were measured by an ICP spectrometer and biochemical analyzer. The results were as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.34 years and the mean weight, height, and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The mean serum concentrations appeared to be 14.60ug/dl(As), 1.87ug/dl(Cr), 0.18ug/dl(Mn), 23.50ug/dl(Se), 0.21ug/dl(Ni), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol) and 88.82mg/dl(glucose). When analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the serum concentration of Cr was negatively correlated with Ca and vitamin B12 intake(p〈0.05, p〈0.05) respectively, Mn was negatively correlated with Na intake(p〈0.05), Ni, however, was positively correlated with K intake(p〈0.05). The serum concentration of Se was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol(p〈0.05), Ni, however, negatively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose, respectively(p〈0.001, p〈0.01, p〈0.05). Further studies are needed to clarify the precise micromineral intakes, nutritional assessment of microminerals, and cause-effect relation of microminerals and serum lipids.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.209-219
• /
• 1996

This study examined the effect of alcohol(AL) and/or paraquat(PQ) on serum TSH, thyroid hormones and enzyme activities, and the protective effect of selenium(SE) againse alcohol and/or paraquat-induced thyroid toxicity in guinea pigs. The experomental group consisted of control, 15% alcohol(AL), 4ppm sodium selentite(SE), 200ppm paraquat(PQ), AL+PQ, AL+SE, PQ+SE and AL+PQ+SE mixed in drinking water-fed guinea pigs for 4 weeks. The morphological changes of thyroid gland were studies on paraffin-embedded sections stained with H-E stain. Body weight losses, high serum concentration in TSH and cholesterol, and low values on triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyrozine($T_4$), free $T_4$ and alkaline phosophatase(ALP) were produced in the groups fed AL and/or PQ. We also noted that AL+PQ-fed group was marked increase in serum TSH. In AL or AL+PQ-fed groups when cpmpared to control group had increased the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight(ratio Twt/Bwt), whereas the ratio Twt/Bwt was decresed in SE or PQ-fed groups. However, the serum TSH, $T_3$,$T_4$ free $T_4$ and cholesterol values, and the ratio Twt/Bwt were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL and/or Pq-fed groups, also ALP values were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL or AL+PQ-fed groups. In microscope, morphological changes showed a remarkable between the AL or PQ-fed group and controls. In AL+PQ+SE-fed guinca pig, follicular colloid is high density in thyroid follicle and increased in connective tissue around the thyroid cells, and thyroidal epithelia were composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The indicated that the morphological changes of thyroid were direct action in the thyroid cell. The results of this study confirmed that the toxic effect of AL or PQ on thyroid occur independently of changes in liver function, and that SE confers marked protection against AL or PQ-induced thyroid toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of Se and Vit. E administration on blood chemical values and Vit. E concentrations of serum in calves born from Hanwoo dams injected Se and Vit. E at late pregnancying periods. The effects of Se and Vit. E administration of blood chemical values in calves born from Hanwoo dams injected Se and Vit. E at the last month of pregnancying periods were examined. In albumin concentration of blood, the Vit. E 2000IU group were slightly higher than other groups and the cholesterol concentrations were also higher in Vit. E 15001u group than other groups. But, another components examined of blood chemical values were not significantly different in all experimental groups. The blood chemical values in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at two months before parturition were examined. However, there were not significantly different in all experimental groups in concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorous, calcium, total protein and triglycerides. The concentrations of serum Vit. E in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at 30 and 15 days before parturition were examined. The concentrations of Vit. E in serum were higher in treatment groups than in control group(P>0.05). The concentrations of serum Vit. E in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at 60 days before parturition were examined, the concentrations of Vit. E in serum were slightly higher in groups administrated than in control group(P>0.05), but there were not significantly difference in all experimental groups.