• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

2007년 경찰청 통계자료에 따르면 사업용 차량(시내, 시외, 기타 버스)의 교통사고 건수는 당해 교통사고 건수의 3.5%에 해당한다. 사업용 차량의 경우 운전자 외 다수 승객의 안전을 책임져야 하므로 더욱 심각한 사회적, 경제적 문제를 초래한다. 이러한 사업용 차량의 교통사고 감소 및 안전운전에 대한 사회적 요구에 부흥하기 위하여 디지털 주행기록계, 차량용 블랙박스 등 다양한 형태의 시스템이 사용되고 있으나 이러한 시스템은 사고 후 차량데이터를 기반으로 위험운전 여부를 분석하여 운전자를 관리하기 때문에 실시간으로 운전자를 관리하기에는 큰 한계가 있다. 또한 현재 운영되고 있는 주행기록계는 운전자에게 실시간으로 경고정보를 제공하지만 실제 위험운전 여부와 상관없이 차량의 속도와 RPM정보만을 이용하여 운전자에게 경고를 제공하고 있어 효율이 매우 떨어지는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 개발된 위험운전 유형과 그 유형을 판단할 수 있는 프로그램이 탑재되어있는 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 우선적으로 일반운전자를 대상으로 하여 시뮬레이터 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 산정 되어지는 가중치를 이용하여 운전자에게 경고정보를 제공한다면 매우 효율적인 시스템이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 본 연구는 일반운전자의 시뮬레이터 실험에 따른 가중치이므로 실제 적용하기에는 한계성이 있는 것이 사실이므로 향후 연구에서는 실제 사업용 차량 운전자의 운전행태 데이터를 기반으로 하여 연구를 보완하여야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3217-3228
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• 2021

Flow blockage of the fuel assembly in the lead-based fast reactor (LFR) may produce critical local spots, which will result in cladding failure and threaten reactor safety. In this study, the flow blockage characteristics were analyzed with the sub-channel analysis method, and the circumferentially-varied method was employed for considering the non-uniform distribution of circumferential temperature. The developed sub-channel analysis code SACOS-PB was validated by a heat transfer experiment in a blocked 19-rod bundle cooled by lead-bismuth eutectic. The deviations between the predicted coolant temperature and experimental values are within ±5%, including small and large flow blockage scenarios. And the temperature distributions of the fuel rod could be better simulated by the circumferentially-varied method for the small blockage scenario. Based on the validated code, the analysis of blockage characteristics was conducted. It could be seen from the temperature and flow distributions that a large blockage accident is more destructive compared with a small one. The sensitivity analysis shows that the closer the blockage location is to the exit, the more dangerous the accident is. Similarly, a larger blockage length will lead to a more serious case. And a higher exit temperature will be generated resulting from a higher peak coolant temperature of the blocked region. This work could provide a reference for the future design and development of the LFR.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.693-710
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• 2022

ESG 경영, 중대재해처벌법 시행 등으로 산업안전보건에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 에너지 기업의 산업안전 수준인 산업재해 현황을 살펴보고, 2015~2021년 기간에 걸쳐 산업재해가 에너지 기업의 경영성과(매출액, 영업이익액, 매출영업이익률)에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 분석결과, 업종별 평균 산업재해 현황을 보면 에너지 기업의 산업재해 수준은 우리나라 산업재해에 비하면, 사고재해율은 낮은 편이나 질병재해율은 높았다. 또한, 산업재해가 에너지 기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향 분석결과, 재해율 증가는 1인당 매출액, 1인당 영업이익액, 매출영업이익률을 감소시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 에너지 기업의 산업재해 취약성에 대해 확인하였고, 산업재해의 직간접적인 비용으로 인해 경영성과에 부정적인 영향을 정량적으로 제시하였다. 본 연구결과를 참고하여, 에너지 기업은 소중한 근로자의 인명을 보호하고 지속적인 경영성과를 창출할 수 있도록 안전보건투자 증대 등으로 산재 예방 노력을 강화해야 할 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.389-390
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• 2022

최근 국제 교역량 증가와 비대면 사회 기조에 따른 물동량 폭증은 항만산업 내 위험 노출 및 안전사고 증가로 이어지고 있다. 이와 함께 2021년 1월 27일부터 중대재해처벌법이 시행되면서 항만터미널 내 안전 및 생명을 보호하는 각종 지침과 법안들이 제정되고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 항만터미널산업 내 중대형 안전사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 한국산업안전보건공단에 따르면 2016년부터 2019년 동안 항만하역업의 재해자수는 4.2%씩 증가하였다. 항만 사고의 효율적인 사후관리나 관련 안전 법/제도의 마련을 위해서는 일차적으로 사고 원인과 피해를 고려한 위험도 분석이 진행되어야 현실적인 사고 저감방안과 방지대책을 수립할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2016년부터 2022년까지 5년간 한국산업안전보건공단에서 집계된 항만터미널 사고사례 1,039건을 바탕으로 위험성 평가를 진행하여 주요 위험요인 및 예방대책을 도출하였다. 이후 IPA분석과 Borich 요구도 분석, The Locus for Focus 분석을 통해 예방대책에 대한 우선순위를 결정하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 1989

The increase in size and numbers of general hospitals in the process of conspicuous development of modem medicine has been accompanied by a serious increase in hospital acquired infections. Hospital aquired infections cause pain and discomfort, may threaten life, adds an economic burden, and delays recovery and return to society. Even though respiratory hospital infection rates resulting for tracheostomy and respiratory inhalation therapy, may be low, they are serious because of their bad prognosis and high mortality rates. This study was designed to assess certain aspects of respiratory infections of patients with a tracheostomy and thus provide baseline data for further research related to preventive or therapeutic nursing interventions. The specific objectives were to determine the incidence of colonization in the trachea, clinical signs, type of colonized bacteria and sensitivity to antibiotics. Data were collected from July 1 to December 10, 1989 at two university Hospital in Seoul. Subjects were 20 patients with a tracheostomy admitted to the Intensive Care Unit or Cerebral Vascular Accident Center. Clinical signs related to respiratory infection were observed using a checklist based on previous study outcomes. Bacterial culture, sensitivity test to antibiotics, WBC counts and chest X-ray were also performed. Cultures were done on the day of tracheostomy, and on the third, fifth and seventh day. Cultures were then done on seventh days after the first colonization. The results were as follows : 1. The incidence of bacteria colonization in a week was 90%(18 patients) 50% (10/20 patients) on the day of tracheostomy, 70%(7/10 patients) on the third day, and 0% on the fifth day, and 33%(1/3 patient) on the seventh day. 3 of 18 patients (16.7%) were colonies of mixed growth isolated. 2. The observed clinical signs related to respiratory infection were high fever 38.9%(7 patients), prulent secretion 16.7%(12 patients) and infiltration seen on chest X-ray 33.3%(6 patients). 3. The total number of types of bacteria isolated among the 18 subjects was 21 ; gram negative 71.4%, gram postive 28.6%. The dominant bacteria type was Staphylococcus aureus(5 cases) for gram(equation omitted) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3 cases), Klebsiella (4 cases), Enterobacter(3 cases) for gram (equation omitted). The results of culture on 7th day after the first colonization, 6 cases showed same type of bacteria, 3cases showed different type of bacteria and 1 cases showed no growth. 4. The sensitivity tests to antibiotics showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus were strongly resistant to most kinds of antibiotics, but Klebsiella and the rest of gram negative bacteria were moderately sensitive to antibiotics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1976

Contemper nursing literature place much importance on human- centered and individualized care. Nursing research has related stress during hospitalization of adolescent patients to adaptation to a new environment, isolation from friends, limitation due to illness, over protection of parents and communication with member of the medical team. The investigator conducted this study in the hope that an understanding of adolescents responses to hospitalization, their perceptions, the kinds and levels of stress, and the relationships between stressors and individual characteristics would contribute to the improvement of adolescent patient care. The objective of the study was to obtain informations related to the adolescents psychological stress experience during hospitalization, specifically stress from interpersonal relationships and communication, isolation from the family, social or economic problems, illness and from the treatment environment and nursing care. An interview schedule adopted from Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale and selected items from Voicer's instrument on stress-producing events was used with 120 adolescent inpatients aged 13 to 18 years three general hospitals in Seoul during Aug. 10, to Sep. 30, 1975. 1. The sample consisted of 66 male and 54 female patients. Sixty-six percent were late adolescents, aged 16 to 18 years: 4% were early adolescents, aged 13 to 15 years. The primary cause for hospitalization was for orthopedic problems (35.8%). More than half of these (54.4%) were due to injury or accident. 2. Stress eclated to illness revealed the highest score (4.97), followed by stress related to treatment environment and nursing care (4.34) , isolation from family and social or economic problems (4.01) and interpersonal relationships and communication (3.96). 3. The perceived indifference of doctors and nurses was a serious cause of stress (mean=4.83). Fellow patients and visitors caused least stress (mean=2.06). 4. Discontinuation of education or unemployment were major stressful events (mean=4.71). Least stressful was isolation from the family (mean=3.47). 5. More than 94% of the respondents expressed fears related to body image (mean=4.97) 6. Within the category of treatment environment and nursing care, items related to restrictions because of treatment, discomfort because of treatment, inadequate explanation from nurses about procedures were rated as severe stress events (mean=4.6). Items related to the ward environment and to having a relative stay with them were seen by the group as less serious events (mean=3.7). 7. Stress related to interpersonal relationships and communication was correlated positively with female patients and those preferring passive activities. (P〈0.05) 8. Stress related to family problems was positively related to female and early adolescent patients (P< 0.05). Stress related to social problems was positively , elated to students and those preferring active pursuits (P< 0.05). 9. There were no correlation between the high stress related to disease and any of the characteristic items. (P> 0.05) 10. Stress related to treatment environment and nursing care was positively related of early adolescent and female and student patients. (P< 0.05) This group of hospitalized adolescents reported high level of stress related to treatment environment and nursing care, due to lack of consideration of normal growth and development and individual characteristics. The findings have important implications for the planning of effective, individualized, comprehensive nursing care of adolescents during hospitalization.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2014

The subways play an important part in serious traffic problems. Almost seven million citizens a day are using subways as a means of traffic communication in the Seoul metropolitan city in 2012. However, the subway system is a semi-closed environment, so many serious problems occurred in subway stations and injured passengers' health. Platform screen doors (PSD) are expected to prevent negligent accident such as injury or death from falling and improve the air quality of the subway station. Installation of PSD at stations in Seoul metropolitan subway had been completed in December 2009. Consequently, the underground transportation system became a closed environment, so the air quality has improved the platforms, but it has deteriorated in the tunnels. Especially, the subway cabin has many doors, and the doors are frequently opened and closed. For this reason, the effect of door opening on subway cabin, dust flow inside the subway cabin. In this process, the maintenance work may influence the health of people who work underground, as well as that of subway users (passengers). In this study, we measured air quality inside and outside of the subway cabin line 2 in Seoul, Korea. This study focused on the investigation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and measurement target pollutants are PM10, CO, $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$. It was found that levels of PM10, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ inside subway cabin line 2 exceeded the Korea IAQ standard. Concentrations of PM10, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ inside of the cabin are higher than outside of the cabin (Indoor Outdoor ratio is higher than 1.). Concentrations of CO, $O_3$ inside of the cabin are lower than outside of the cabin (Indoor Outdoor ratio is lower than 1.). There is a high correlation between $CO_2$ and passengers inside of the cabin and PM10 is only the weakest correlation with passengers. Therefore, it is important to find out the emission source of $NO_2$. The results of this study will be useful as fundamental data to study indoor air quality of a subway cabin.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.216-230
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• 2023

연구목적: 아차사고의 분석을 통하여 재해를 예측하여 사고를 예방하는 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구에 서는 건설 현장의 아차사고 문헌조사 및 데이터를 수집하고, 설문조사를 실시하여 아차사고 연결 가능성 분류를 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석 및 의사결정나무 분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과: 아차사고 types이 정신적, 신체적, 안전습관 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 신체에 영향력이 높은 요인은 아차사고 관리의 필요성, 직종은 전기·정보통신, 건강 상태 순으로, 정신적 요인에서 공사 규모가 영향력이 높았으며, 경험 공종, 중상자 수, 직종 순으로 습관 행동 요인에 영향력이 높은 요인은 착각, 부적절한 작업지시, 신체 부위 순으로 분석되었다. 의사결정나무 분석을 통해 아차사고가 놀랄 정도의 사고로 연결가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인과 패턴을 확인하였다. 결론: 건설현장관계자는 아차사고 관찰을 고려하여 정신적. 신체적 측면의 아차사고와의 연관성에 대한 구체적 관리가 실행되어야 하며, 부적절한 작업지시가 아차사고로 연결되지 않도록 인원 배치, 작업계획, 작업절차 및 방법, 피드백을 통해 중대재해가 저감하는 작업환경을 기대한다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2023

최근 COVID-19와 같은 신종 바이러스 감염증이 확산하여 심각한 공중 보건 문제를 제기하고 있다. 특히 이러한 질병은 고령자에게 치명적으로 작용하여, 생명을 위협하고 심각한 사회적, 경제적 손실을 초래하였다. 이에 많은 산업분야에서 사물 인터넷(IoT) 및 인공 지능(AI)을 응용한 원격진료, 헬스케어, 질병예방 등의 애플리케이션이 소개되어 질병 감지, 모니터링 및 검역 성능을 향상하고 있다. 하지만 기존기술은 갑작스러운 전염병의 출현에 신속하고 통합적으로 적용되지 않기 때문에, 사회 속에 감염병이 대규모 감염 및 전국적 확산되는 것을 차단하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 바이러스 질병 정보 수집기를 통해 지역적 한계가 있는 다양한 감염 정보를 수집하고, AI 브로커를 통해 AI 분석 및 심각도 매칭을 수행하여 감염의 확산을 예측하고자 한다. 최종에는 질병관리본부를 통해 고령자에게 위험경보 발령, 확산 차단 문자 발송 및 감염지역 대피정보를 신속하게 제공한다. 현실적인 고령자 지원시스템은 감염자 발생지역 정보와 고령자의 위치정보를 비교하여 증강현실 기반의 스마트폰 애플리케이션으로 직관적인 위험지역(감염지역) 회피기능을 제공하고 감염지역 방문이 확인되면 자동으로 방역관리 서비스를 제공한다. 향후 제안시스템은 위치기반의 사용자 밀집도를 파악함으로써 갑작스런 인파 집중으로 인한 압사 사고를 사전에 예방하는 방법으로도 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2012

It is the well-known fact that most part of goods transported are moved on the unfavorable ocean and even a small amount of accident on sea is extremely dangerous for human lives, financial losses, and social responsibility. Among the several causes of accidents, those by fire have occurred frequently and their damage has been highly serious. The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of fires due to oil leakage in the machinery space. To define the possible fire scenario, our team has performed the search of casualty database and reviewed the previous and various studies in the field. As a result, it is noted that the quantitative risk of the fire scenario have been evaluated on the ground of the FSA risk model. The expected frequency of a fire amounts to incidents during the life of a ship, and the expected financial damage amounts to 5,654 USD per a ship. By adopting Safety Instrumented System (SIS) introduced in IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, SIS model is designed to prevent oil leakage fire as a risk reduction method. It is concluded that System Integrity Level (SIL) 1 seems to be appropriate level of SIS.