• 전자공학회논문지S
• /
• 제35S권8호
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 1998

본 논문에서는 컬러 비디오 시퀀스 상에서 눈과 입에 해당하는 얼굴 특징점을 고속으로 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 자유로운 움직임을 갖는 얼굴 영역을 안정적으로 추출하기 위해 얼굴 색상 분포를 이용한 색상 변환 영상에 움직임 검출 기법을 적용하여 움직이는 살색 부분만을 효율적으로 검출하는 색상 움직임 개념을 사용하였다. 움직임 정보는 살색의 가능성 정도에 따라 가중치가 주어지며 화소 단위의 움직임 여부를 결정하는 문턱값도 살색의 가능성 정도에 따라 적응적으로 결정된다. 눈의 색상분포와 형태소 연산자를 사용한 움직임 살색 영역에서 눈 후보 영역을 추출하고 눈과 눈썹의 상호 위치 관계를 이용하여 눈의 영역을 최종 결정한다. 입의 영역은 눈의 위치를 기준으로 입 후보 영역을 정하고 색상 히스토그램을 이용하여 입의 영역을 검출한다. 찾아진 눈과 입의 영역에서 정확한 특징점의 위치를 구하기 위해 PCA (Principal Component Analysis)를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 복잡한 배경, 개인적인 편차, 얼굴의 방향과 크기 등에 영향을 받지 않고 고속으로 정확한 얼굴의 특징점을 추출할 수 있었다.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제65권3호
• /
• pp.265-289
• /
• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 메타경로분석의 방법론을 적용해 최근 부모수당제도의 도입을 중심으로 독일의 일-가정 양립정책과 젠더레짐의 변화의 실제와 동학을 규명하는 것이다. 일-가정 양립정책에서 '계층화'가 이루어지고 있는데, 정치적 장벽이 해소돼 부모수당제도를 도입할 수 있었던 반면 기존 가족주의 지지세력의 제도 내부적 장벽으로 인해 아동양육수당제도를 고수하지 않을 수 없었다. 그러나 부모수당제도는 '차별적인 성장'으로 활성화돼 독일 젠더레짐의 지배적인 구조를 '순차적 양립'에서 '동시적 양립'으로 변화시키는 핵심적인 보완성의 변화를 낳고 있다. 한편 주요 정치적 행위자들은 젠더영역에 대한 '의도적 분리'를 통해 전체 독일모델의 핵심적인 제도영역 간의 조정관계의 이완 가능성을 차단하려 하고 있다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 1995

동적하중을 받는 지반-구조물 시스템의 설계를 위해 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비로 표현되는 지반의 변형특성의 결정은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 공진주/비틂전단시험기를 이용하여 저변형률 및 중간 변형률하에서 건조사질토의 변형특성을 연구하였다. 동적시험인 공진주시험과 반복시험인 비틀전단시험을 동일한 공시 체를 이용하여 실시하였다. 진동측정시스템을 개량하여 응력 -변형관계가 하중반복회수와 전단변형률의 크기에 영향을 받지않는 선형영역을 찾았으며 이 영역에서 이력감쇠가 존재함을 나타내었다. 반복한계변형률 이상에서는 하중반복회수에 따라 전단탄성계수는 증가하고 감쇠비는 감소하였다. 사질토의 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 진동주파수에 영향을 받지 않으며 의사정적시험인 비틈전단시험에서 변형특성과 동적시험인 공진주 시험에서 얻은 값은 비교시 하중반복회수의 영향을 고려하면 동일하다. 그러므로 공진주l비틀전단시 험을 통해 얻은 변형특성은 지반-구조물시스템의 동적해석은 물론 정적해석에서도 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.40-50
• /
• 2008

This article examined the applicability of spatial configuration to Escher's works through configurative logics and rules and studied the contrasting relations among the unit elements in Escher's works and their characteristics and the creative process of the characteristics. As the results of the study on the bases to maintain and create the partial elements revealed as the characteristics, it was shown that Escher's sequential transformative works demonstrated diverse expressive characteristics as a creative process of Inter-complementary contrasting relations based on the independence of the unit elements. It was also shown that the creative process of the unit elements was actualized through the maintenance base of the fixed and absolute characteristic as the logic for the creation and the creation base of the dynamic and relative characteristic. Therefore, it was interpreted that by applying the logics for creation to Escher's unit elements through the spatial interpretation of the maintenance base and the creation base as well as by configuring the units created in such a way according to the characteristics of Escher's works, spatial possibility canbe derived out from Escher's contrasting tessellation works. The process of spatial configuration is the process to make a balance between various conditions, artists own understanding of the space and his/her intention of the space. From this viewpoint, the logics for maintenance base and for creation base seem to have the potentiality as a spatial configuration to consistently meet the given conditions as well as to derive out novelty through the transformation to maintain the fixed and absolute condition(base) and the characteristics of the independent(additional) transformation arising together with the implicit relations among the transformative units.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the treatment of swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent is recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both the pigsty and the treatment plant), BOD and others, and may be cost effective for small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophic were, in order, Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp., while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through the use of neural networks. In this study, we tried to model the treatment process for each tank in the system (influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) based upon the population densities of the heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principal component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relationship between input and output. The input would be microbial densities and the treatment parameters, such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids(SS), COD, NH$_4$(sup)+-N, ortho-phosphorus (o-P), and total-phosphorus (T-P). then multi-layer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of the input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of imput. Neural network independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combined data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to develop the optimal operating conditions as well as their associated design spaces for a Cryogenic Submerged Arc Welding(SAW) process by improving its quality and productivity simultaneously. Methods: In order to investigate functional relationships among quality characteristics and their associated control factors of an SAW process, a stepwise design of experiment(DoE) method is proposed in this paper. Based on the DoE results, not only a multi-dimensional design space but also a safe operating space and normal acceptable range(NAR) by integrating statistical confidence intervals were demonstrated. In addition, the optimal operating conditions within the proposed NAR can be obtained by a robust optimal design method. Results: This study provides a customized stepwise DoE method (i.e., a sequential set of DoE such as a factorial design and a central composite design) for Cryogenic SAW process and its statistical analysis results. DoE results can then provide both the main and interaction effects of input control factors and the functional relationships between the input factors and their associated output responses. Maximizing both the product quality with high impact strength and the productivity with minimum processing times simultaneously in a case study, we proposed a design space which can provide both acceptable productivity and quality levels and NARs of input control factors. In order to confirm the optimal factor settings and the proposed NARs, validation experiments were performed. Conclusion: This research may provide significant contributions and applications to many SAW problems by preparing a standardization of the functional relationship between the input factors and their associated output response. Moreover, the proposed design space based on DoE and NAR methods can simultaneously consider a number of quality characteristics including tradeoff between productivity and quality levels.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.69-83
• /
• 2016

제주도 역사시대 화산활동 기록의 실체를 밝히고자 제주도에서 가장 젊은 화산으로 추정되는 화산 3곳에 대하여 방사성탄소연대 및 광여기루미네선스연대를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 송악산은 최소 3.8 ka 전 이후, 비양도는 최소 4.5 ka 전 이전, 일출봉은 6~7 ka 전 이후에 분출한 화산으로 파악된다. 이번 연대분석 결과로 고문헌상의 천 년 전 화산을 밝혀내지는 못했다. 하지만, 역사기록 재해석을 통해 1002년과 1007년의 두 차례 기록이 하나의 단성화산에서 일어난 일련의 화산분출 사건임을 새롭게 제시한다. 더불어 본 연구에서는 화산분출 기록에 대한 화산지질학적 해석을 통해, 역사서에 기록된 화산은 수성화산활동과 마그마성 화산활동을 모두 가지는 상당한 규모의 화산으로, 분출연대가 3.8 ka 전 이후로 밝혀진 대정읍 송악산으로 추정하였다. 더 나아가, 화산분출 사건이 기록된 고려시대 초기의 탐라와 고려의 실제적 관계, 시대 문화적 배경 등을 고려하여 화산분출 기록 시점과 실제 화산분출 시기가 서로 불일치할 가능성도 새롭게 제시한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.411-415
• /
• 2000

For comparison with conventional barium-gastrointestinal study, modified method using barium and methylcellulose was performed in 16 normal dogs (4-8 kg) divided into two groups. The group 1 received 8ml/kg of 40% w/v barium suspension only, and group 2 had taken 15 ml/kg of 0.6% w/v methylcellulose after administration 4 ml/kg of 40% w/v barium suspension by feeding tube. The barium suspension was prepared mixing full strength-barium suspension with water and methylcellulose solution was produced by blending methylcellulose sterilized water Sequential radiographs, lateral and ventrodorsal projections were obtained at 5 minute, 20 minute,40 minute. 60 minute and every 30 minutes thereafter, until the contrast is seen in the large intestine Inage qual- ity was rated by three veterinary radiologists as " poor" " fair ". "good", or "excellent" We analyzed the relationship between image quality,, transit time. Between two techniques, the modified method with 4ml of 40% w/v barium suspension and 15 ml of 0.6% w/v methylcellulose showed much better image quality ["excellent" result in 7 of the 8 subjects (88%)] and shorter transit time (107 minutes) toe the cecum. In addition, the best image quality was obtained at 20 and 40 minutes after admin-istration of contrast agent. It call be concluded the modified gastrointestinal study using methylcel-lulose after administration of barium suspension was a simple technique and easily improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of gstrointestinal disorders in small animal.racy of gstrointestinal disorders in small animal.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.603-610
• /
• 2008

A mathematical model was developed to understand how the presence of plants affects vertical profiles of electron acceptors, their reduced species, and trace metals in the wetland sediments. The model accounted for biodegradation of organic matter utilizing sequential electron acceptors and subsequent chemical reactions using stoichiometric relationship. These biogeochemical reactions were affected by the combined effects of oxygen release and evapotranspiration driven by wetland plants. The measured data showed that $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations increased at the beginning of the growing season and then gradually decreased. Based on the measured data, it was hypothesized that the limitation of the solid phase sulfide in direct contact with the roots may result in the gradual decrease of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations. With the dynamic formulation for the limitation of the solid phase sulfide, model simulated time variable sulfate profiles using published model parameters. Oxygen release from roots produced divalent metal species (i.e. $Cd^{2+}$) as well as oxidized sulfur species (i.e. $SO_4{^{2-}}$) in the sediment pore water. Evapotranspiration-induced advection increased flux of divalent metal species from the overlying water column into the rhizosphere. The increased divalent metal species were converted to the metal sulfide with sufficient FeS around the rhizosphere, which contributed to the decrease of bioavailability and toxicity of divalent metal activity in the pore water. Since the divalent metal activity is a good predictor of the metal bioavailability, this model with a proper simulation of solid phase sulfide plays an essential role to predict the dynamics of trace metals in the wetland sediments.

• 조형예술학연구
• /
• 제2권
• /
• pp.239-293
• /
• 2000

The paper aims to study how to describe the rigorous position on which semantic elements are laid, within the visual space. This purpose is, first of all, for the construction of visual syntactical semantics of the visual space. For this aim, the preliminary research begins with some definitions on : 1) visual space, visual design, visual syntactical semantic meaning, 2) position, sequence of position, 2-dim. sequence of position, and 3) 2-dim. numerical series of position, harmonious dynamic values. Here, The main issue is to define the position in general. To solve this problem, the researcher surveyed the positions on which the sets of pixemes are set up. The results are as follows ; 1. As far as the positions in visual space are concerned, they are the possible locations permitted in the visual patches. They are not the factual but the possible positions. 2.The position value that the sequential point has is not arithmetical but harmonious-dynamic, for it is not permitted for its own sake, but for the person, that is to say, for the viewer's visual perception. 3. The harmonious-dynamic value of positional sequence can be composed of the 2-dimensional successive numerical series which is, in turn, composed of the primordial 3 values x0, $\mu0$, y0. Here, the $\mu0$ is the harmonious mean value of x0 and y0. The x0 and y0 are, therefore, of the mutual dynamic relationship. 4. From this, the 2-dim general $\Delta-TABLE$ of the numerical series of position in visual design could be acquired through development of the primordial 3 values into the $X_i,\;Y_i$, orbit values.