• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2008

The Korean Rice Ds-tagging lines Database (KRDD) is designed to provide information about Ac/Ds insertion lines and activation tagging lines using japonica rice. This database has provided information on 18,158 Ds lines, which includes the ID, description, photo image, sequence information, and gene characteristics. The KRDD is visualized using a web-based graphical view, and anonymous users can query and browse the data using the search function. It has four major menus of web pages: (i) a Blast Search menu of a mutant line; Blast from rice Ds-tagging mutant lines; (ii) a primer design tool to identify genotypes of Ds insertion lines; (iii) a Phenotype menu for Ds lines, searching by identification name and phenotype characteristics; and (iv) a Management menu for Ds lines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.50-60
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• 2001

교량설계에 있어서는 교량의 기능과 안전성, 경제성 등 구조 광학적인 면을 고려하여 설계하게 되는데 최근에는 교량의 경관설계에 관해서도 많은 관심을 갖고 있다. 그러나, 국내에선 교량의 구조적인 측면에서의 연구는 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나 교량의 경관설계에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지고 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 교량의 구조 공학적인 판단과 경관 공학적인 판단에 의해서 교량 형식을 결정하는 방법과 선호도가 높은 현수교의 시점장을 분석하는데 있다. 교량형식을 결정하는 방법은 기초설계단계에서 Seen 경관을 고려하여 교량의 유형을 결정하고, 교량의 구조적인 정.동역학적 검토와 Seen경관.Sequence 경관 등을 고려하여 교종의 형식을 결정하게 되는 각 단계별 설계조건에 따른 교량설계 방법을 흐름도로 제시하였다. 또한, 현수교의 시점장의 범위를 정량적으로 나타내기 위해서 교량전체에 대한 시선입사각, 가까운 쪽의 주탑에 대한 시선입사각, 가까운 쪽 주탑의 외관 크기에 대한 연직시각, 교량전체가 시야에 들어올 수 있는 수평시각 등을 주시실험 자료와 Professional 현수교의 사진에 의한 구조형태의 비율 등을 측정하여 분석 교차한 결과 교량전체에 대한 시선입사각 $\alpha$=(15$\pm$7.5)$^{\circ}$, 가까운 쪽의 주탑에 대한 시선입사각 V=(30$\pm$7.5)$^{\circ}$, 가까운 쪽 주탑의 외관 크기에 대한 연직시각 18$^{\circ}$$\leq$$\delta$27$^{\circ}$, 교량전체가 시야에 들어올 수 있는 수평시각 $\theta$$\leq$60$^{\circ}$의 시점장을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-107
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• 2019

Online consumers browse products belonging to a particular product line or brand for purchase, or simply leave a wide range of navigation without making purchase. The research on the behavior and purchase of online consumers has been steadily progressed, and related services and applications based on behavior data of consumers have been developed in practice. In recent years, customization strategies and recommendation systems of consumers have been utilized due to the development of big data technology, and attempts are being made to optimize users' shopping experience. However, even in such an attempt, it is very unlikely that online consumers will actually be able to visit the website and switch to the purchase stage. This is because online consumers do not just visit the website to purchase products but use and browse the websites differently according to their shopping motives and purposes. Therefore, it is important to analyze various types of visits as well as visits to purchase, which is important for understanding the behaviors of online consumers. In this study, we explored the clustering analysis of session based on click stream data of e-commerce company in order to explain diversity and complexity of search behavior of online consumers and typified search behavior. For the analysis, we converted data points of more than 8 million pages units into visit units' sessions, resulting in a total of over 500,000 website visit sessions. For each visit session, 12 characteristics such as page view, duration, search diversity, and page type concentration were extracted for clustering analysis. Considering the size of the data set, we performed the analysis using the Mini-Batch K-means algorithm, which has advantages in terms of learning speed and efficiency while maintaining the clustering performance similar to that of the clustering algorithm K-means. The most optimized number of clusters was derived from four, and the differences in session unit characteristics and purchasing rates were identified for each cluster. The online consumer visits the website several times and learns about the product and decides the purchase. In order to analyze the purchasing process over several visits of the online consumer, we constructed the visiting sequence data of the consumer based on the navigation patterns in the web site derived clustering analysis. The visit sequence data includes a series of visiting sequences until one purchase is made, and the items constituting one sequence become cluster labels derived from the foregoing. We have separately established a sequence data for consumers who have made purchases and data on visits for consumers who have only explored products without making purchases during the same period of time. And then sequential pattern mining was applied to extract frequent patterns from each sequence data. The minimum support is set to 10%, and frequent patterns consist of a sequence of cluster labels. While there are common derived patterns in both sequence data, there are also frequent patterns derived only from one side of sequence data. We found that the consumers who made purchases through the comparative analysis of the extracted frequent patterns showed the visiting pattern to decide to purchase the product repeatedly while searching for the specific product. The implication of this study is that we analyze the search type of online consumers by using large - scale click stream data and analyze the patterns of them to explain the behavior of purchasing process with data-driven point. Most studies that typology of online consumers have focused on the characteristics of the type and what factors are key in distinguishing that type. In this study, we carried out an analysis to type the behavior of online consumers, and further analyzed what order the types could be organized into one another and become a series of search patterns. In addition, online retailers will be able to try to improve their purchasing conversion through marketing strategies and recommendations for various types of visit and will be able to evaluate the effect of the strategy through changes in consumers' visit patterns.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was a phantom study to measure the diffusion properties of water molecules by steady-state free precession diffusion-weighted imaging (SSFP- DWI) with a low b-value and to determine if this sequence might be useful for application to the evaluation of bone marrow pathology. Materials and methods : 1. The phantom study: A phantom study using two diffusion weighted sequences for the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient was performed. Three water-containing cylinders at different temperatures were designed: phantom A was $3^{\circ}C$, B was $23^{\circ}C$ and C was $63^{\circ}C$. Both SSFP and echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences (b-value: $1000s/mm^2$) were performed for comparison of the diffusion properties. The Signal to noise ratios (SNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three phantoms using each diffusion-weighted sequence were assessed. 2. The Clinical study: SSFP-DWI was performed in 28 patients [sacral insufficiency fractures (10), osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures (10), malignant compression fractures (8)]. To measure the ADC maps, a diffusion-weighted single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence ($650s/mm^2$) was obtained using the same 1.5-T MR imager Results : For the phantom study, the signal intensity on the SSFP as well as the classic EPI-based DWI was decreased as the temperature increased in phantom A to C. The ADC values of the phantoms on EPI-DWI were $0.13{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in phantom A, $0.22{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in B and $0.37{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$. in C. The SSFP can be regarded as a DWI sequence in view of the series of signal decreases. Conclusion : Bone marrow pathologies with different diffusion coefficients were evaluated by SSFP-DWI. All benign fractures were hypointense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow where as the malignant fractures were hyperintense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.348-356
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• 2022

The article is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases of formation of the organizational-economic mechanism of maintenance of stability of development of region on the bases of influence of potential-forming space in the conditions of formation of creative economy. It was found that the organizational-economic mechanism due to its multifaceted nature does not have a single generally accepted definition, and its acceptable scale and complexity is reflected in the structure, which is very dependent on the scope and conditions of its application, can be very different and contain different elements. In view of this, in order to highlight the characteristics that are inherent in the organizational-economic mechanism of sustainable development of the region on the basis of potential-forming space in the formation of creative economy, the article examines the properties and characteristics of direct organizational and economic mechanism. The necessity of basing the process of formation of any organizational-economic mechanism, including the organizational-economic mechanism of ensuring the sustainability of the region on the basis of the potential-forming space in the conditions of creative economy on the system of principles. In this context, the author's vision is proposed and a set of principles for the formation of organizational-economic mechanism for sustainable development of the region on the basis of the potential of the potential-forming space in the creative economy, as well as revealed the essence of each. According to the structural aspect, the organizational-economic mechanism of ensuring the sustainability of the region's development on the basis of the potential-forming space is proposed to be presented as a set of seven stages, which are implemented in a certain sequence. Within the limits of this research the sequence of realization of the stages making process of formation of the organizational-economic mechanism of maintenance of stability of development of region on the basis of influence of potential-forming space in the conditions of formation of creative economy is defined and their maintenance and essence is presented.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.421-439
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• 2003

Statement of problem : It is difficult to obtain a good titanium casting body using the traditional sprue design because of high melting point of Ti, and the low fluidity and high reactivity of molten Ti. Purpose : A new sprue design for titanium casting bodies needs more trial and error. In order to decrease the number of trial and error, computer simulation(MAGMASOFT, Magmasoft Giessereitechnologie GmbH, Achen, Germany) was used to optimize sprue design in U-shaped implant superstructures. Material and method : Five kinds of sprue were examined for the design of the sprue former for titanium casting: Sprue design A(sprue length 4 mm, rectangular shape, 4 sprues), Sprue design B(sprue length 4 mm. round shape. radius 2 mm, 7 sprues), Sprue design C (sprue length 2 mm, round shape, radius 2 mm, 7 sprues). Sprue design D (sprue length 2 mm, cone shape, large radius 3mm. small radius 2mm, 7 sprues), and Sprue design E( sprue length 2 mm. one unit channel shape). Sprue design F(sprue length 2mm, one unit channel shape) was also examined for the design of the customized sprue former in the Biotan system(Schutz Dental Gmbh, Germany). The casting bodies were taken in Sprue design A, Sprue design D, Sprue design E, and Sprue design F in the Biotan casting system. The numerically predicted defects were compared with the experimental dental castings by the radiographic and sectional view observations. Results : 1. According to the result of computer simulation, turbulence during mold filling was decreased in the sequence of Sprue design F, Sprue design E, Sprue design D, Sprue design C, Sprue design B, and Sprue design A. 2. The calculated solidification time contours indicate that hot spot was moved from the casting body to the sprue button in the sequence of Sprue design A, Sprue design B, Sprue design C, Sprue design D, and Sprue design E. The filling pattern of Sprue design F was similar to that of Sprue design E. 3 The predicted filling pattern shows that less turbulence was found in the customized sprue former than in the standard sprue former. 4. According to the results of the radiographic and cross sectional observations, casting defects less than 1mm were found at the center of a casting body with Sprue design E and Sprue design F. However, larger casting defects of 4mm were found in a casting with Sprue design A. 5. The predicted casting porosity was similar to that of the real casting. Conclusion : One unit channel-type and customized sprue former can be recommended. Further research and developement of various sprue designs using computer simulation in necessary to optimize casting design, in order to reduce the formation of casting defects in implant titanuim super-structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.8
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

One of the desired features for the realizations of high quality Information and Telecommunication services in future is "the Sensation of Reality". This will be achieved only with the visual communication based on the 3- dimensional (3-D) moving images. The main difficulties in realizing 3-D moving image communication are that there is no developed data transmission technology for the hugh amount of data involved in 3-D images and no established technologies for 3-D image recording and displaying in real time. The currently known stereoscopic imaging technologies can only present depth, no moving parallax, so they are not effective in creating the sensation of the reality without taking eye glasses. The more effective 3-D imaging technologies for achieving the sensation of reality are those based on the multiview 3-D images which provides the object image changes as the eyes move to different directions. In this paper, a multiview 3-D imaging system composed of 8 CCD cameras in a case, a RGB(Red, Green, Blue) beam projector, and a holographic screen is introduced. In this system, the 8 view images are recorded by the 8 CCD cameras and the images are transmitted to the beam projector in sequence by a signal converter. This signal converter converts each camera signal into 3 different color signals, i.e., RGB signals, combines each color signal from the 8 cameras into a serial signal train by multiplexing and drives the corresponding color channel of the beam projector to 480Hz frame rate. The beam projector projects images to the holographic screen through a LCD shutter. The LCD shutter consists of 8 LCD strips. The image of each LCD strip, created by the holographic screen, forms as sub-viewing zone. Since the ON period and sequence of the LCD strips are synchronized with those of the camera image sampling adn the beam projector image projection, the multiview 3-D moving images are viewed at the viewing zone.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2002

The Fourier transform arteriography (FTA) exploits the periodic variation of arterial flow velociety of arterial flow velocity in stnchronized with cardiac cycles. This technique is intrinsically unique compared to other modern techniques. This technique separates the arteries from the veins using the pulsatile arterial flow without using the presaturation RF pulses. Therefore, it has less RF deposition and is free from the dark band artifacts that can arise from retrograde flow and curved arteries. Furthermore, it is free from the artifacts induced by eddy currents. However, there are some drawbacks such as a single projection view and the saturation of arteries at the end of an imaging slab. These drawbacks are circumvented by applying recently developed techniques. The fast gradient switching capability of modern MRI systems enabled us to incorporate dual projection views into the conventional FTA sequence without increasing the repetition time. In addition, signals from the distal arteries were enhanced by use of a ramped RF pulse and therefore the distal arteries were less saturated. By use of the FTA sequence with dual projection views and the ramped RF pulse, we acquired the sagittal and coronal projection views of femoral arteriograms simultaneously with more enhanced signals of distal arteries than the conventional FTA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.522-526
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• 2007

Since newly emerged disease, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), spread from Asia to North America and Europe rapidly in 2003, many researchers have tried to determine where the virus came from. In the phylogenetic point of view, SARS virus has been known to be one of the genus Coronavirus, but, the overall conservation of SARS virus sequence was not highly similar to that of known coronaviruses. The natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV are not clearly determined, yet. In the present study, the genomic sequences of SARS-CoV were analyzed by bioinformatics techniques such as multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis methods as well multivariate statistical analysis. All the calculating processes, including calculations of the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and other genomic parameters using 30,305 coding sequences from the two genera, Coronavirus, and Lentivirus, and one family, Orthomyxoviridae, were performed on SMP cluster in KISTI, Supercomputing Center. As a result, SARS_CoV showed very similar RSCU patterns with feline coronavirus on the both axes of the correspondence analysis, and this result showed more agreeable results with serological results for SARS_CoV than that of phylogenetic result itself. In addition, SARS_CoV, human immunodeficiency virus, and influenza A virus commonly showed the very low RSCU differences among each synonymous codon group, and this low RSCU bias might provide some advantages for them to be transmitted from other species into human beings more successfully. Large-scale genomic analysis using bioinformatics techniques may be useful in genetic epidemiology field effectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

A specimen of porous-head eelpout Bothrocara hollandi (Zoarcidae: Perciformes) caught from the East Sea was found to harbour a myxosporean parasite. Numerous whitish pseudocysts were scattered throughout the body musculature of this individual specimen. Fresh myxosporean spores were found from the squashed pseudocysts under light microscopy. They were subspherical in frontal view with a length of $11.9(11.0{\sim}13.5){\mu}m$, width of $11.6(10.7{\sim}13.6){\mu}m$, and thickness of $7.8(6.9{\sim}8.8){\mu}m$. Two polar capsules were almost equally pyriform with a length of $4.4(3.2{\sim}5.3){\mu}m$ and width of $3.3(2.4{\sim}4.2){\mu}m$. Morphometric and host ecology analysis revealed that this myxosporean parasite could be identified as Myxobolus aeglefini Auerbach 1906. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences also revealed that M. aeglefini was clustered with M. albi and M. groenlandicus in the same branch, sharing 97.7% and 96.9% sequence similarities with M. albi and M. groenlandicus, respectively.