• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we intended to make the foundation of the development of acupuncture tissue model as comparing the needle sensation of six kinds of tissue models and Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) with the needle force measurement system. Methods : When practitioners did twisting-rotating acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting the needle into six kinds of tissue models, they quantified the similarity sense to the sensation of Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) with the NRS (Numeric Rating scale). As needle force measurement system did twisting-rotating Acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting needle into Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) of human and six kinds of tissue models, it can calculate the coefficient of viscosity by measuring the torsion friction. We compare the NRS of practitioners' needle sensation to the coefficient of viscosity of needle force measurement systems. Result : As practitioners' NRS assessment to quantify needle sensation, apple and cucumber showed 70% similarity to Zusanli ($ST_{36}$). As needle force measurement system's coefficient of viscosity, apple and cucumber's coefficient of viscosity were similar to Zusanli ($ST_{36}$)'s. Conclusions : In this study, We compared the practitioners' needle sensation of Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) and six kinds of tissue models with needle force measurement system that can quantify the needle sensation. As the result, we concluded that practitioners' needle sensation is similar to measured needle sensation. It seems that the acupuncture practice model implementing the needle sensation to specific acupuncture points can be built based on the system in this study.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.163-167
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 다수의 진동 소자로 제작한 진동 패드의 촉감 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험과 설문을 통해 신체 부위별로 가장 현실감이 뛰어난 진동 패턴을 제시한다. 실험 방법은 $4{\times}4$ 배열 형태의 16개의 진동 소자를 이용하여 진동 패드를 제작하였다. 8비트 마이크로프로세서를 통하여 각 진동 소자의 떨림 여부와 강도를 제어하며, 게임에서 자주 사용되는 음향 효과인 총소리에 의해 자동으로 다양한 진동 패턴을 생성하여 신체 각 부위에 여러 가지 패턴의 촉감 자극을 추어 그 현실감 정도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과의 분석을 통하여 진동 패드를 사용하는 것이 사격 게임에서의 현실감이 좋으며, 어깨 부위가 가장 현실감 있는 부위임을 확인하였다. 또한 실험한 네 가지 패턴 중 안쪽에서 바깥쪽으로 퍼지는 느낌의 실험 패턴 형태가 가장 효과적인 것으로 측정되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 신체 부위와 진동 패턴에 의한 촉감 효과와의 상관관계에 대한 사용자 실험으로서, 진동으로 촉감을 제공하는 햅틱스 분야의 연구를 위한 중요한 참조가 될 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to better assess and understand current needs and wearing sensation, including clothing behavior for early elderly women in the Korea and USA. The subjects in this study were 135 and 173 early elderly women in the Korea and USA. This research was done by a survey method and chi-square test. The major objectives of this study were as follows; First, it was found that the early elderly women of Korea utilize mostly human information as information source when purchasing clothing, whereas those of USA mostly media information. The women of Korea were found to put most emphasis in esthetic aspects of clothing, whereas those of USA in comfort. The most frequently worn clothes by the early elderly women of Korea were jumper, T-shirt and slacks, whereas jacket, sweater and slacks by those of USA. As for skirt, flare skirt was highly preferred in Korea, whereas A-line skirt in USA. Second, regarding the wearing sensation of ready-made clothing, the wearing sensation of jacket was found to be worst on the shoulder in Korea, whereas on the waist in USA. And the early elderly women of both Korea and USA had poor wearing sensations due to the length of sleeve, of trouser, of skirt and of one-piece dress. The comparison of the clothing behavior and wearing sensation of the early elderly women between Korea and USA showed a greater difference in clothing behavior than in wearing sensation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

This study reports on the development of intelligent clothing using a shape memory alloy (SMA) that forms a still air layer and provides thermal insulation depending on the environment temperature. SMA springs were prepared with Nitinol and have an original length of 6mm and a latent length of 20mm with a response temperature of $24.5^{\circ}C$. Hysteresis was evaluated at a temperature between $0^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. An experimental outdoor jacket that was attached with 30 springs was compared with a commercial jacket in terms of the microclimate temperature, humidity, and comfort properties by human subject tests in the microclimate chamber set at $5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the microclimate temperature of SMA embedded clothing system from the wear trials was higher than the commercial ones during the rest period after exercise, especially on the skin side. In addition the thermal, humidity, and comfort sensations of SMA embedded clothing were better than the commercial ones.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.112-125
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• 2010

A Holter monitor is used for ECG monitoring of ambulatory daily life in hospital. However, the use of this apparatus causes skin allergies and discomfort in patients because of the attachment gel and tapes used to attach disposable electrodes to the skin. In this study, the development of tight-fitting clothing connected to a portable Holter monitor was proposed. In addition, the use of conductive fabrics as electrodes was proposed; this will enable the use of garments in u-health care for measuring ECG signals. The male subjects were university students in the ages of 20 to 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using seven Likert scales. A Likert type scale was used for the evaluation and a 7 point score indicates that it provided the best fit as a tight-fitting upper clothing. Clothing pressure was measured using an air-pack-type pressure sensor (model AMI 3037-2) at 4 locations (the conductive fabric electrode) As results, a male basic sloper for upper clothing was developed and that pattern was manipulated to the tight fit pattern by considering the reduction rate of the percentage stretch in the fabric. The developed tight-fitting garment was superior in terms of subjective sensation and 6t. The mean pressure of the garment with reduction rates of 40% in width and of 50% in length was 8.45gf/$cm^2$. A conductive fabric electrode was developed by considering the sewing method and the developed electrode was detected well. The ECG data were recorded for 13 hr 19 min 44 sec and the artifacts in the ECG signals were recorded for 9 hr 3 min 46 sec (total time: 22 hr 23 min 23 sec). The artifacts data were obtained during heavy activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2000

Background: Pain is often measured using psychophysical scaling techniques. However, all of these methods found their limits, since they were based on the subjective sensations reported by the subjects. It is, therefore, desirable to validate psychophysical pain measures by simultaneously measuring some physiological correlate of nociception. We studied an objective method for measuring pain in human volunteer using R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex. Methods: Four different intensity of electrical stimuli between perception and 1.4 times the R(III) nociceptive flexion threshold were delivered to the sole of the feet in 8 normal volunteers. We measured the flexion reflex activity in the skin over the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle and subjects rated each stimulus on a visual analog scale (VAS) Results: Both R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity and VAS ratings showed a linear relationship with stimulus intensity and with each other in all volunteers. Conclusions: R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex elicited through electrical stimulation may used as an objective pain measurement, previsionary based on our study paradigm.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1283-1288
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 수면을 취하는 침실의 수면 환경 데이터를 수집하고, 얻어진 조건 데이터들과 수면간의 관계를 분석한다. 또한 수면을 취하는 사람으로부터 장면 전환을 검출하여 신체의 상황과 수면 과정의 반응, 신체의 감각과 자극들을 제시한다. 영상의 장면 전한 검출은 컬러 히스토그램을 사용하였다. 컬러 히스토그램은 이전 프레임과 현재 프레임사이의 컬러 히스토그램 차이 값을 이용하는 방법이다. 그리고 피곤한 정도, 음주의 정도, 그리고 공복의 정도를 입력하여 각 상황별 뒤척임을 추출하도록 하였다. 시스템의 실험에는 온/습도 센서와 조도센서로 구성되어 있는 H-MOTE2420 센서를 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 현대인들에게 규칙적이고 안락한 수면을 유도하기 위하여 최적의 수면 환경을 제공함으로써 수면의 질을 높일 수 있도록 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the improvement of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG-treated acrylic athletic socks and suggest the optimum add-on for PEG treatment, 2) to investigate wear performance of untreated cocks and two kinds of socks treated with PEG of minimum and optimum add-on respectively, and 3) to consider the effect of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG- treated socks on the wear performance and the subjective comfort zone. Thermal activities of specimens treated by PDC were evaluated on a DSC by measuring the heat of fusion on heating and the heat of crystallization on cooling. Moisture regain, absorption speed, wickability, water retenti on value, and water-vapor permeability were measured. In the wear trials that the subjects performed a subsequent exercise protocol wearing three differently treated socks in a conditioned environment ($14\pm2^{\circ}C$, 65$\pm$2% R.H.), microclimate temperature and humidity, and subjective wear sensations including thermal sensation, wettedness, softness, fit, and overall comfort were obtained. PEC-treated specimens with more than 20% add-on showed thermal storage on heating and thermal release on cooling by a DSC and the heat contents of treated ones were generally proportional to the add-ons. Moisture transport properties were highly improved after PEG treatment and increased rapidly with increasing add-on. The tendencies were, however, relaxed above 50% add-on and the treated knits were much stiffer above that add-on. In the wear trials of untreated, PEG add-on 20%, and 50% acrylic socks, the changes of microclimate temperature of 50% socks were significantly less than that of 20% socks. PEG add-on 50% socks showed significantly less changes of microclimate humidity than other two kinds of socks. Three kinds of socks showed significant differences in overall comfort and add-on 50% socks were accepted more comfortable than other two kinds of socks. Comfort zone of foot was extended after PEG treatment on socks and it implied that the subjects wearing PEG- treated socks felt comfortable in wider ranges of microclimate temperature and humidity.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.929-938
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• 2017

This research investigated the effects of cool touch fabrics on thermo-regulating physical properties and subjective evaluation using a 3D fitted women's T-shirts in wear test. Qmax, clothing microclimate, microclimate wettedness, thermogram and subjective vote were observed during rest-right after an exercise-rest protocol. As a result, there was no single determining physical variable to explain the reasons of cool sensations of T-shirts made of cool touch fabric across the entire protocol. Qmax could partly predict a wear sensation at the initial stage when only insensible perspiration was presented. Simultaneous observation of temperature/humidity gradient understand from the inside to the outside of the clothing layer or microclimate wettedness calculated using vapor pressure were helpful to figure out the performance of cool touch fabric, especially at the later stage of the protocol when sweating was excessive. It was especially difficult to connect thermo-regulating physical variables to the subjective evaluation during transient conditions such as 'right after exercise' stage. It is necessary to measure the amount of heat and moisture transferred from the skin to the outside of clothing along with the physical properties measured in this study to understand the detailed mechanisms of why a cool sensation is evoked from tight fitting T-shirts made of newly developed cool touch fabrics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.800-803
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• 2002

1개월 동안의 양안 이물감 및 소양감을 주소로 내원한 2세 된 남아의 양안 상, 하안검 첩모에서 세극등 검사상 사면발이의 성충과 충란을 관찰 후 확진 하였다. 치료로 충란과 성충의 직접제거 및 첩모제거술, 20% fluorescein dye 도포와 세척을 시행하였고 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 충란과 성충을 관찰하였다. 1주 간격으로 1달간 추적관찰 하였고 세극등검사상 양안의 안검과 첩모에서 성충 또는 충란이 발견되지 않아 완치 판정을 내렸다. 본 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.