• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in recent agricultural energy and increase the energy self-sufficiency rate of each farmer, it is extremely important to expand the supply of solar energy using unused space of agricultural facilities, roof. This study surveyed and analyzed the environmental and administrative factors such as problems according to the structure, azimuth and latitude of broiler houses and stability of standard broiler houses required to use broiler house roof based on the poultry houses in Sangju-si. The results can be summarized as follows: 55.6% of the solar energy facilities of according to the classification of arable lands of broiler houses were available, and 31.7% of them were available by classifying according to the azimuth. However, 20.6% of them were available in the survey considering all the arable land and azimuth. In the roof inclination of the broiler houses, from 20 to $25^{\circ}$ was the most common, 30 broiler houses. The broiler houses with the roof inclination more than $20^{\circ}$ accounted for 63% of the total. It was considered that the inclination was generally proper. In the structural safety, only 3 broiler houses that were constructed as a standard broiler house were available. In practice, all but one broiler house was inappropriate to expand the solar energy project using roof. The solar thermal facility weighed $63.6kg/m^2$ in total: the frame and solar thermal collector weighed $27.8kg/m^2$ and $35.8kg/m^2$, respectively. The standard broiler house required to be internally reinforced. This study suggested a plan for internal reinforcement and a feasible plan because there were problems with structural safety when installing solar thermal and photovoltaic systems.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.105-128
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• 2006

The suggestions that follow are about the plan for the cooperation between private security and local government and the enhancement of its service for facing the change of public peace environment. Fist, by a local government collecting funds, the business for revitalization of local economics should be done to enhance local economic independence. Second, the autonomous right of a local government should be reinforced and the center for taking complete charge of local security should be established in the self-governing body. Third, the private security should be connected with the local characteristics, the role of which enlarged as well. For this developing the model of security service for the local area and working together between private security and police should be achieved. Fourth, it is necessary for a local government to entrust the private security with its public security service. For this it should be achieved to set up the range of local security service and inform local residents of the advantage of security service entrusted to private security. Finally, in connection with the new system of local police, it is necessary to have clear grasp of the work related to the private security among local police services and private security business and local police should take partial charge of the public peace service. Through the cooperation between private security and local government, the role of private security will be enlarged and its business revitalized as well.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.290-298
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop a model that explains the factors influencing the clinical nurses' willingness to perform Basic Life Support and to verify the appropriateness of the model. The participants were 550 clinical nurses working at a university hospital in Korea. The data were collected from self-reported questionnaires from October 2012 to February 2013. A total of 520 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 and Amos version 18.0 software packages. The results indicated that the clinical nurses' knowledge of basic life support had a direct impact and their clinical experience had an indirect impact on their willingness to perform basic life support at the scene. These variables together explained 19.5% of the variance in the nurses' willingness to perform Basic Life Support. The clinical experience was correlated significantly with knowledge (r=.61, p<.001). To increase the clinical nurses' performance of Basic Life Support, knowledge and clinical experience should be reinforced by continuous in-service education on Basic Life Support, considering the disease status of hospitalized patients.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.351-367
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• 1999

This study aims to study the discourses influencing high school students' concept and attitude toward mathematics, and to examine how gender differences concerning mathematical aptitude are created. This study is based on the results of previous two studies which suggested that mathematical competence differs not only according to gender, region and school year, but also even within the same gender. For this study, 12 students ranking in the top 10% at two co-ed high schools were interviewed to find out 1) what discourses are related to gender and mathematics, 2) in what way these discourses are formulated and gain currency, and 3) how they have affected students in general. Common notions concerning mathematics may be summed up as follows: 1) Most of the students believe that gender difference in mathematical aptitude results because biologically men tend to be strong in mathematics and analytical skills while women tend to have better linguistic ability. This concept can help male students' studying to have a greater learning toward mathematics. 2) A large number of the students believe that male students' studying method is based on comprehension whereas female students' method is based on retention, and hence the former group tends to be better at applying their learning than the latter group. This notion seres to encourage male students and discourage female students from tackling difficult mathematical problems. 3) Many students believe that, although female students may surpass their male counterparts in middle school or the first year of high school, they will eventually fall behind by the 3rd year. Despite research which shows that these common beliefs are not grounded in scientific proof, high-school girls, who may be strong in mathematics, lose self-confidence and feel a sense of crisis. The mechanisms which produce and reinforce such concepts as those mentioned above can be summarized as follows: 1) Regarding the choice of majors and future career paths, parents show different attitudes toward sons and daughters, and this tends to influence high-school girls and hinders them from entering mathematics-related fields. 2) Teachers with value systems based on stereo-typed gender roles affect students a great deal, and give different advice according to gender of their students, for selecting their major fields - for instance, whether to study the natural sciences as opposed to humanities. 3) This study indicates that peer-group behavior, of either support or exclusion, also reinforces the process of internalizing notions of gender difference related to mathematical aptitude. 4) The gender-based notion that men are naturally more inclined to have better mathematical ability has caused male students to choose the natural science subjects and female students to turn to the humanities. The discourses discussed above, propagated in schools and homes, and in the mass media, are continually reinforced along with general gender inequalities in the society at large.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.499-507
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• 2016

A flipped learning class was held in an attempt to overcome the limits of lecture-type classes in pre-service science teacher training and to provide a student-oriented education suitable for digital native generation. The principles of teaching-learning in flipped learning were applied to the general ADDIE model to design the class; learning materials were developed accordingly. The developed flipped learning materials and class design were verified for their validity using an expert panel's Delphi method and validity test, in which the validity was verified with 0.75 CVR. The developed flipped learning materials were applied to the theory of science education and the instructional effectiveness was analyzed. The results suggest that the students' motivation to study, interest, and confidence in learning increased; however, their satisfaction in class decreased by 30% as compared to the lecture-type class and their self-confidence in the improvement of their academic achievement was not sufficient. In order for a flipped learning class to be successful, the class should be small in size, which would ensure appropriate teacher-student communication and individualized learning; also, the students' burden of learning should be reduced and accessibility to video materials for pre-class learning should be reinforced.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.791-803
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• 2017

Objectives: Oral health management is important to improve the quality of life among the elderly. This study investigated the performance of elderly oral health management among some care workers in long-term-care hospitals. Methods: The study subjects were 174 care workers in 10 long-term-care hospitals. Data on general characteristics of care workers, attitude, recognition and knowledge of elderly health, performance of elderly oral health management were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis by using a SPSS version 23.0 statistical program. Results: The performance score of oral health management was $4.34{\pm}0.64$ on the 5-point Likert scale. The subjects who exercised more than 2 times a month were significantly higher in their performance of elderly oral health management compared to subjects who did not exercise (${\beta}=0.232$, p=0.035). And, the subjects who cared 10-19 persons were significantly higher in performance of elderly oral health management compared to subjects who cared more than 20 elderly (${\beta}=0.246$, p=0.020). The oral health behavior of care worker (${\beta}=0.271$, p<0.001) and the knowledge of oral health care (${\beta}=0.055$, p=0.008) were positively related to the performance of elderly oral health management. Conclusions: The educational program designed to improve knowledge of care workers in accordance with the standard textbook for training care workers should be developed, and the long term education program should be reinforced to improve the performance for elderly oral health care. If care workers can care a proper number of old persons, they will give oral health care to them.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.114
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• pp.241-263
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• 2016

History is not only Hegel's philosophical subject, but it corresponds to his entire system of philosophy. Because his system of philosophy is a description of the self-movement of spirit and 'world history' reveals the overall movement of spirit. Hegel's 'historical and philosophical standpoint' goes through the description of his entire system, and this tendency is more and more reinforced towards the later Hegel. If it is reasonable to find the corresponding relationship between Hegel's system of philosophy and 'world history', the relationship between 'objective spirit' and 'absolute spirit' must be systematically unraveled in the horizon of world history. The world-historical perspective in 'objective spirit' has the limit to consider 'modern European nations' as a final destination. On the contrary, world history that acts as a mediator in the transition from 'objective spirit' to 'absolute spirit' makes it possible to jump in absolute horizon by recognizing limitations of nation states and avoiding specific and limited conditions dialectically. So what is revealed through the study of 'world history' in Hegel's system of philosophy is that in the view of 'absolute spirit' of art, religion, philosophy 'political state' is not the end that all mankind should aim at. Therefore, it is undesirable only to criticize Hegel's philosophy of history as 'Eurocentrism'.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.39
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• pp.175-214
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• 2021

In the Joseon Dynasty, Confucian literati sacralized their daily lives through ritual practices across the three dimensions of time, place, and humanity. 1) In the dimension of time, they cultivated in their personal lives by accepting and thoroughly practicing the ethical principles of the Elementary Learning (『小學』). These practices of self-cultivation developed into ritualized practices of daily routine from the perspective of neo-Confucianism. 2) In the spatial dimension, local public schools (鄕校), local private academies (書院), and village private schools (書塾) were constructed as the symbolic places for disseminating Confucian norms through intensive seminar activities and collective learning sessions (講會). These places were also used for the pious recitations of selected Confucian proverbs that had been ritualized by Confucian literati. 3) In the dimension of humanity, pious consciousness, reinforced by the ritualized practice of periodic sacrifices or intensive reading, was subconsciously deepened and projected onto dreams individuals reported of their deceased fathers or teachers. According to the Confucian ritualization process, people were seen as being able to sanctify their daily lives by thoroughly internalizing and effectively realizing Confucian values.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-351
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• 2021

This study was motivated by the awareness that little attention has been paid to this issue both theoretically and empirically, despite the fact that financial abuse causes serious problems which are difficult for the elderly to recover from. This study intends to explore what the patterns of financial abuse targeting the elderly are, what causes and sustains these abuses, and what makes it difficult to counter such financial abuses. Data analysis was based on individual and group interviews of ten professionals expected to encounter the most financially abused elderly in social welfare institutions. The thematic analysis shows that financial abuse is often caused and maintained in a trusting relationship through care and protection. Because financial abuse was inflicted on the vulnerable elderly in a state of reinforced psychological dependence based on a long and trusting relationship, it appears that it has been made with tacit acknowledgement and consent. Despite those complex dynamics, it is noted that financial abuse can be judged as such only when the elderly claim to suffer from harm. Rather, intervention without victims' acknowledgement tends to be perceived as violating their right to self-determination. This reality naturally leads to the termination of the necessary interventions with the victims in an abusive situation. Based on these results, discussion focused on more realistic and diverse approaches to the issue of financial abuse of older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

Excessive earth pressure is one of the major mechanical factors in the deformation and damage of Cut-and-Cover Tunnel lining in shallow tunnels and portals of mountain tunnels (Kim, 2000). Excessive earth pressure may be attributed to insufficient compaction and consolidation of backfill material due to self-weight, precipitation and vibration caused by traffic (Komiya et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 1984; Yoo, 1997). Even though there were a lot of tests performed to determine the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining, unfortunately there were almost no case histories of studies performed to determine remedial measures that reduce differential settlement and excessive earth pressure. In this study the installation of geotextile mat was selected to reduce the differential settlement and excessive earth pressure acting on the cut-and-cover tunnel lining. In order to determine settlement and earth pressure reduction effect (reinforcement effect) of geotextile mat reinforcement, laboratory tunnel model tests were performed. This study was limited to the modeling of rigid circular cut-and-cover tunnel constructed at a depth of $1.0D\sim1.5D$ in loose sandy ground and subjected to a vibration frequency of 100 Hz. Model tests with varying soil cover, mat reinforcement scheme and slope roughness were performed to determine the most effective mat reinforcement scheme. Slope roughness was adjusted by attaching sandpaper #100, #400 and acetate on the cut slope surface. Mat reinforcement effect of each mat reinforcement scheme were presented by the comparison of earth pressure obtained from the unreinforced and mat reinforced model tests. Soil settlement reduction was analyzed and presented using the Picture Analysis Method (Park, 2003).