• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2015

Employees' knowledge contribution is one of the critical activities that maximize internal capability of the firm and facilitate organizational innovation by sharing scattered internal knowledge. This study integrates antecedents of knowledge contribution based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB). Utilizing TPB as a theoretical framework, expected reciprocity, subjective norm, and self-efficacy's direct effects on knowledge contribution were assessed. Additionally, interaction effects among expected reciprocity, subjective norm, and self-efficacy were explored. As the results of analysis, all the antecedents significantly influenced knowledge contribution. Interestingly, when the knowledge source's self-efficacy was high, the influence of expected reciprocity on knowledge contribution was decreased. Similarly, when the knowledge source's subjective norm for knowledge contribution was high, expected reciprocity's effect was weakened. This implies that when facilitating knowledge contribution, interaction effects among antecedents of knowledge contribution, as well as their direct effects, should be considered.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2005

Objectives : We analyzed the changes from 1996 to 2002 in distributive equity of the contribution burden in the Korean National Health Insurance. Methods : The study subjects were a total of 8,923 employee households and a total of 7,296 self-employed households over the period from 1996 to 2002. Those were the households meeting the two criteria as completing each annual survey and having no change in the job of head of the household during that period from the raw data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey annually conducted by the Korean National Statistical Office. The unit of analysis was a household, and this was the standard for assessing the contribution that is now applied on a monthly basis. Deciles Distribution Ratio, Contribution Concentration Curve and Contribution Concentration Index were estimated as the index of inequality. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to compare the annual ability-to-pay elasticity of the contribution to the reference year of 1996 for three groups (all households, the employee households, and the self-employed households). Results : For the index of inequality, the distributive equity of contribution was improved in all three groups. In particular, the employee group experienced a substantial improvement. Using multiple regression analysis, the ability-to-pay elasticity of the contribution in the employee group significantly increased ($\beta$=0.232, p<0.0001) in the year 2002 as compared to the reference year of 1996. The elasticity in the self-employed group also significantly increased ($\beta$=0.186, p<0.05), although its change was smaller than that in the employee group. Conclusions : The employee group had a greater improvement for the distributive equity of the contribution burden than the self-employed group. Within the observation period, there were two important integration reforms: one was the integration of 227 self-employed societies in 1998 and the other was the integration of 139 employee societies in 2000. We expected that the equity of the contribution burden would be improved for the self-employed group since the integration reform of 1998. However, it was not improved for the self-employed group until the year 2000. This result suggests that capturing exactly the beneficiaries' ability-to-pay such as income is the precedent for distributive equity of the contribution burden, although a more sophisticated imposition standard of contribution is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-51
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the educational experience, re-demand, pre-post self-efficacy, subjective social contribution of disadvantaged youth after first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education. Methods: The subjects in this study were 967 disadvantaged youth from the general population. Data analyzed were frequency, percentage, and results of the $x^2=test$, t = test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation by using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program. Results: Of the subjects, 51.7% had educational experiences, mostly less than 1 year. First-aid and CPR education improved self-efficacy. In particular, a higher the self-efficacy resulted in a higher subjective social contribution. Conclusion: This study showed that first aid and CPR education positively affected the self-efficacy, and awareness of social contribution in disadvantaged youth. Therefore, appropriate first aid and CPR education program for disadvantaged youth is beneficial.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2010

In a virtual community, one can possess multiple identities and pretend to be different by creating self-identity in contrast with his or her actual self. Does false identity undermine the qualitative growth of a virtual community by reducing members' accountability? Or does it stimulate their contributive behaviors by ensuring freedom of speech? It is imperative to understand the effects of multi-identity considering the distinct properties of a virtual community in which people easily change their identities at little or no cost. To answer these questions, we adopted the concept of self-discrepancy from the social psychology theory rooted in the concept of the self and developed a theoretical model to predict quality of contribution of the individual member in virtual communities. Based on the self-discrepancy theory, we first identified two different domains of the self: (1) an "actual self" that consists of attributes that the person believes he or she currently possesses in real life and (2) a "cyber self" that consists of attributes the person believes he or she possesses in a virtual community. Next, we derived an index for two different types of self-discrepancy by using the differences between the actual and the cyber identities: Personal Self-discrepancy and Social Self-discrepancy. Personal Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's intelligence, education, and expertise. Social Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's morality, sociability, and accordance with social norms. Finally, we linked them with sense of virtual community, perceived privacy rights, and quality of contribution to examine how having a multi-identity influences an individual's psychological state and contributive behaviors in a virtual community. The results of the analysis based on 266 respondents showed that Social Self-discrepancy negatively influenced both the Sense of Virtual Community and Perceived Privacy Rights, while Personal Self-discrepancy negatively influenced only Perceived Privacy Rights, thereby resulting in reduced quality of contribution in virtual communities. Based on the results of this analysis, we can explain the dysfunctions of multi-identity in virtual communities. First, people who pretend to be different by engaging in socially undesirable behaviors under their alternative identities are more likely to suffer lower levels of psychological wellbeing and thus experience lower levels of sense of virtual community than others. Second, people do not perceive a high level of privacy rights reflecting catharsis, recovery, or autonomy, even though they create different selves and engage in socially undesirable behaviors in a virtual community. Third, people who pretend to be different persons in terms of their intelligence, education, or expertise also indirectly debase the quality of contribution by decreasing perceived privacy rights. The results suggest that virtual community managers should pay more attention to the negative influences exercised by multi-identity on the quality of contribution, thereby controlling the need to create alternative identities in virtual communities. We hope that more research will be conducted on this underexplored area of multi-identity and that our theoretical framework will serve as a useful conceptual tool for all endeavors.

• CRM연구
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-54
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• 2011

Organizing and maintaining customer-based online communities are becoming increasingly important in current business environment. Companies can utilize the member generated contents in developing their products and services and they can establish close relationships with their customers. This paper investigates how customer-based online communities increase individual members' contributive behaviors. Drawing on the social psychology literature, this study adopts the concept of self-discrepancy rooted in self-identity and derive an index for self-discrepancy by using the differences between actual and virtual self-identities. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between the self-discrepancy and the anonymity-related psychological factors (autonomy, recovery, and catharsis), which in turn influence quality and quantity of contribution. Analysis of 114 respondents showed that self-discrepancy between actual and virtual selves has two different sub-dimensions (personal self-discrepancy and social sel f-discrepancy) and each dimension has different effect on the quality and quantity of contribution through the mediation of autonomy and recovery. Notably, catharsis negatively influenced quality of contribution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the major findings.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

This study examines the role of perceived feedback and motivations on the use for contribution in Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). An individual expects responses from others when he or she posts the knowledge or questions of soliciting knowledge in KMS. If an individual posts a message and there are many responses, motivation to use KMS will develop. Prior research has considered feedback a potential factor that would affect an individual's motivation, such as self-efficacy, but there is few prior works that have tested empirically on how feedback can influence an individual's motivations as well as the use for contribution in KMS. Perceived feedback can be categorized into feedback on posted knowledge and feedback on knowledge request postings. The results of the study show that motivations such as organizational reward, knowledge self-efficacy, and enjoyment of helping, except for social reward, are associated with the use for contribution. Our results also show that among perceived feedback, feedback on posted knowledge affects motivation and use for contribution while feedback on knowledge request postings directly influences the use for contribution.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

This study investigated what factors influence the knowledge contribution in online communities. Based on the theoretical framework like self-presentation theory and organizational citizenship behavior theory, we developed the research model and proposed four hypotheses. In order to test our hypotheses with an empirical study, we have conducted a survey which resulted in 192 valid responses in the final sample. The PLS analysis results indicate that knowledge contribution is influenced by self-presentation, innovation, organizational citizenship behavior, and affection similarity of online community users. Practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2017

Web 2.0 paradigm and technologies allow users to contribute their information voluntarily and actively to online community. This paper aims to investigate key determinants of information contribution in online communities. We come up with the research model and proposed hypotheses on the basis of intensive literature review on motivation theory, information literacy, and self expression. Using survey response date collected from those who have ever experienced in uploading or providing information on online community such as social media. A total of 262 survey responses were used to test research hypotheses. The results show that self expression motive influences on information representation capability(IRC) and information contribution. The impact of Information literacy on IRC is found to be significant, and IRC is positively related to information contribution. In addition, approval motive is proven to be key determinant of IRC and information contribution. Some practical implications of these findings are discussed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.53-74
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• 2012

A challenge in fostering virtual communities is the continuous supply of knowledge, namely members' willingness to contribute knowledge to their communities. Previous research argues that giving away knowledge eventually causes the possessors of that knowledge to lose their unique value to others, benefiting all except the contributor. Furthermore, communication within virtual communities involves a large number of participants with different social backgrounds and perspectives. The establishment of mutual understanding to comprehend conversations and foster knowledge contribution in virtual communities is inevitably more difficult than face-to-face communication in a small group. In spite of these arguments, evidence suggests that individuals in virtual communities do engage in social behaviors such as knowledge contribution. It is important to understand why individuals provide their valuable knowledge to other community members without a guarantee of returns. In virtual communities, knowledge is inherently rooted in individual members' experiences and expertise. This personal nature of knowledge requires social interactions between virtual community members for knowledge transfer. This study employs the social capital theory in order to account for interpersonal relationship factors and identity theory for individual and group factors that may affect knowledge contribution. First, social capital is the relationship capital which is embedded within the relationships among the participants in a network and available for use when it is needed. Social capital is a productive resource, facilitating individuals' actions for attainment. Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1997) identify three dimensions of social capital and explain theoretically how these dimensions affect the exchange of knowledge. Thus, social capital would be relevant to knowledge contribution in virtual communities. Second, existing research has addressed the importance of identity in facilitating knowledge contribution in a virtual context. Identity in virtual communities has been described as playing a vital role in the establishment of personal reputations and in the recognition of others. For instance, reputation systems that rate participants in terms of the quality of their contributions provide a readily available inventory of experts to knowledge seekers. Despite the growing interest in identities, however, there is little empirical research about how identities in the communities influence knowledge contribution. Therefore, the goal of this study is to better understand knowledge contribution by examining the roles of social capital and identity in virtual communities. Based on a theoretical framework of social capital and identity theory, we develop and test a theoretical model and evaluate our hypotheses. Specifically, we propose three variables such as cohesiveness, reciprocity, and commitment, referring to the social capital theory, as antecedents of knowledge contribution in virtual communities. We further posit that members with a strong identity (self-presentation and group identification) contribute more knowledge to virtual communities. We conducted a field study in order to validate our research model. We collected data from 192 members of virtual communities and used the PLS method to analyse the data. The tests of the measurement model confirm that our data set has appropriate discriminant and convergent validity. The results of testing the structural model show that cohesion, reciprocity, and self-presentation significantly influence knowledge contribution, while commitment and group identification do not significantly influence knowledge contribution. Our findings on cohesion and reciprocity are consistent with the previous literature. Contrary to our expectations, commitment did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This result may be due to the fact that knowledge contribution was voluntary in the virtual communities in our sample. Another plausible explanation for this result may be the self-selection bias for the survey respondents, who are more likely to contribute their knowledge to virtual communities. The relationship between self-presentation and knowledge contribution was found to be significant in virtual communities, supporting the results of prior literature. Group identification did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in this study, inconsistent with the wealth of research that identifies group identification as an important factor for knowledge sharing. This conflicting result calls for future research that examines the role of group identification in knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This study makes a contribution to theory development in the area of knowledge management in general and virtual communities in particular. For practice, the results of this study identify the circumstances under which individual factors would be effective for motivating knowledge contribution to virtual communities.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.191-206
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of adolescent attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem and impulse control on delinquency. The subjects were 624 eighth and eleventh grade students in Busan. The subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem, impulse control and latent delinquency. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Male adolescent delinquency increased with grade. But no grade difference was found in female adolescent delinquency. And male adolescent had more delinquency than female adolescent. 2) Grade had a direct and indirect effect through attachment to peers and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency and was the first positive contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to mothers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. 3) Attachment to mothers had a direct and indirect effort through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency and was a first negative contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on female adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Grade had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had no effect on female adolescent delinquency.